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149 lines
3.8 KiB
Text
149 lines
3.8 KiB
Text
---
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title: About the shadow Resource
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---
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# shadow
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Use the `shadow` InSpec audit resource to test the contents of `/etc/shadow`, which contains password details that are only readable by the `root` user. The format for `/etc/shadow` includes:
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* A username
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* The password for that user (on newer systems passwords should be stored in `/etc/shadow` )
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* The last time a password was changed
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* The minimum number of days a password must exist, before it may be changed
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* The maximum number of days after which a password must be changed
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* The number of days a user is warned about an expiring password
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* The number of days a user must be inactive before the user account is disabled
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* The number of days a user account has been disabled
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These entries are defined as a colon-delimited row in the file, one row per user:
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dannos:Gb7crrO5CDF.:10063:0:99999:7:::
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## Syntax
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A `shadow` resource block declares one (or more) users and associated user information to be tested:
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describe shadow do
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its('users') { should_not include 'forbidden_user' }
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end
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or with a filter:
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describe shadow.uid(filter) do
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its('users') { should cmp 'root' }
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its('count') { should eq 1 }
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end
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where
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* `homes`, `gids`, `passwords`, `shells`, `uids`, and `users` are valid accessors for `passwd`
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* `filter` one (or more) arguments, for example: `passwd.users(/name/)` used to define filtering; `filter` may take any of the following arguments: `count` (retrieves the number of entries), `lines` (provides raw `passwd` lines), and `params` (returns an array of maps for all entries)
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## Matchers
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This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers:
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### be
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<%= partial "/shared/matcher_be" %>
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### cmp
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<%= partial "/shared/matcher_cmp" %>
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### count
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The `count` matcher tests the number of times the named user appears in `/etc/shadow`:
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its('count') { should eq 1 }
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TThis matcher is best used in conjunction with filters. For example:
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describe shadow.users('dannos') do
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its('count') { should eq 1 }
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end
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### eq
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<%= partial "/shared/matcher_eq" %>
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### expiry_dates
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The `expiry_dates` matcher tests the number of days a user account has been disabled:
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its('expiry_dates') { should eq '' }
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### inactive_days
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The `inactive_days` matcher tests the number of days a user must be inactive before the user account is disabled:
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its('inactive_days') { should eq '' }
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### include
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<%= partial "/shared/matcher_include" %>
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### last_changes
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The `last_changes` matcher tests the last time a password was changed:
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its('last_changes') { should eq '' }
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### match
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<%= partial "/shared/matcher_match" %>
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### max_days
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The `max_days` matcher tests the maximum number of days after which a password must be changed:
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its('max_days') { should eq 90 }
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### min_days
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The `min_days` matcher tests the minimum number of days a password must exist, before it may be changed:
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its('min_days') { should eq 0 }
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### passwords
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The `passwords` matcher tests if passwords are
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* Encrypted
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* Have direct logins disabled, as indicated by an asterisk (`*`)
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* In the `/etc/shadow` file, as indicated by the letter x (`x`)
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For example:
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its('passwords') { should eq ['x'] }
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its('passwords') { should cmp '*' }
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### users
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The `users` matcher tests if the user name exists `/etc/shadow`:
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its('users') { should eq 'root' }
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### warn_days
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The `warn_days` matcher tests the number of days a user is warned about an expiring password:
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its('warn_days') { should eq 7 }
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## Examples
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The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource.
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### Test for a forbidden user
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describe shadow do
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its('users') { should_not include 'forbidden_user' }
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end
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### Test that a user appears one time
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describe shadow.users('bin') do
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its('passwords') { should cmp 'x' }
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its('count') { should eq 1 }
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end
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