# InSpec: Inspect Your Infrastructure
[](https://community-slack.chef.io/)
[](https://travis-ci.org/chef/inspec)
[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/Chef/inspec/branch/master)
InSpec is an open-source testing framework for infrastructure with a human- and machine-readable language for specifying compliance, security and policy requirements.
```ruby
# Disallow insecure protocols by testing
describe package('telnetd') do
it { should_not be_installed }
end
describe inetd_conf do
its("telnet") { should eq nil }
end
```
InSpec makes it easy to run your tests wherever you need. More options are found in our [CLI docs](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/cli/).
```bash
# run test locally
inspec exec test.rb
# run test on remote host on SSH
inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://user@hostname -i /path/to/key
# run test on remote host using SSH agent private key authentication. Requires InSpec 1.7.1
inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://user@hostname
# run test on remote windows host on WinRM
inspec exec test.rb -t winrm://Administrator@windowshost --password 'your-password'
# run test on docker container
inspec exec test.rb -t docker://container_id
```
# Features
- Built-in Compliance: Compliance no longer occurs at the end of the release cycle
- Targeted Tests: InSpec writes tests that specifically target compliance issues
- Metadata: Includes the metadata required by security and compliance pros
- Easy Testing: Includes a command-line interface to run tests quickly
## Installation
InSpec requires Ruby ( >1.9 ).
### Install as package
The InSpec package is available for MacOS, RedHat, Ubuntu and Windows. Download the latest package at [InSpec Downloads](https://downloads.chef.io/inspec) or install InSpec via script:
```
# RedHat, Ubuntu, and macOS
curl https://omnitruck.chef.io/install.sh | sudo bash -s -- -P inspec
# Windows
. { iwr -useb https://omnitruck.chef.io/install.ps1 } | iex; install -project inspec
```
### Install it via rubygems.org
When installing from source, gem dependencies may require ruby build tools to be installed.
For CentOS/RedHat/Fedora:
```bash
yum -y install ruby ruby-devel make gcc
```
For Ubuntu:
```bash
apt-get -y install ruby ruby-dev gcc make
```
To install inspec from [rubygems](https://rubygems.org/):
```bash
gem install inspec
```
### Usage via Docker
Download the image and define an alias for convenience:
```
docker pull chef/inspec
alias inspec='docker run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/share chef/inspec'
```
If you call inspec from cli, it automatically mounts the current directory into the work directory. Therefore you can easily use local tests and key files. Note: Only files in the current directory are available to the container.
```
$ ls -1
vagrant
test.rb
$ inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://root@192.168.64.2:11022 -i vagrant
..
Finished in 0.04321 seconds (files took 0.54917 seconds to load)
2 examples, 0 failures
```
### Install it from source
That requires [bundler](http://bundler.io/):
```bash
bundle install
bundle exec bin/inspec help
```
To install it as a gem locally, run:
```bash
gem build inspec.gemspec
gem install inspec-*.gem
```
On Windows, you need to install [Ruby](http://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/) with [Ruby Development Kit](https://github.com/oneclick/rubyinstaller/wiki/Development-Kit) to build dependencies with its native extensions.
### Install via Habitat
Currently, this method of installation only supports Linux. See the [Habitat site](https://www.habitat.sh/) for more information.
Download the `hab` binary from the [Habitat](https://www.habitat.sh/docs/get-habitat/) site.
```bash
hab pkg install chef/inspec
export PATH="$(hab pkg path core/ruby)/bin:$(hab pkg path chef/inspec)/bin:$PATH"
inspec
```
### Run InSpec
You should now be able to run:
```bash
$ inspec --help
Commands:
inspec archive PATH # archive a profile to tar.gz (default) ...
inspec check PATH # verify all tests at the specified PATH
inspec compliance SUBCOMMAND ... # Chef Compliance commands
inspec detect # detect the target OS
inspec exec PATH(S) # run all test files at the specified PATH.
inspec help [COMMAND] # Describe available commands or one spe...
inspec init TEMPLATE ... # Scaffolds a new project
inspec json PATH # read all tests in PATH and generate a ...
inspec shell # open an interactive debugging shell
inspec supermarket SUBCOMMAND ... # Supermarket commands
inspec version # prints the version of this tool
Options:
[--diagnose], [--no-diagnose] # Show diagnostics (versions, configurations)
```
# Examples
* Only accept requests on secure ports - This test ensures that a web server is only listening on well-secured ports.
```ruby
describe port(80) do
it { should_not be_listening }
end
describe port(443) do
it { should be_listening }
its('protocols') {should include 'tcp'}
end
```
* Use approved strong ciphers - This test ensures that only enterprise-compliant ciphers are used for SSH servers.
```ruby
describe sshd_config do
its('Ciphers') { should eq('chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr') }
end
```
* Test your `kitchen.yml` file to verify that only Vagrant is configured as the driver. The %w() formatting will
pass rubocop lintng and allow you to access nested mappings.
```ruby
describe yaml('.kitchen.yml') do
its(%w(driver name)) { should eq('vagrant') }
end
```
Also have a look at our examples for:
- [Using InSpec with Test Kitchen & Chef](https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/examples/kitchen-chef)
- [Using InSpec with Test Kitchen & Puppet](https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/examples/kitchen-puppet)
- [Using InSpec with Test Kitchen & Ansible](https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/examples/kitchen-ansible)
- [Implementing an InSpec profile](https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/examples/profile)
## Or tests: Testing for a OR b
* Using describe.one, you can test for a or b. The control will be marked as passing if EITHER condition is met.
```ruby
control 'or-test' do
impact 1.0
title 'This is a OR test'
describe.one do
describe ssh_config do
its('Protocol') { should eq('3') }
end
describe ssh_config do
its('Protocol') { should eq('2') }
end
end
end
```
## Command Line Usage
### exec
Run tests against different targets:
```bash
# run test locally
inspec exec test.rb
# run test on remote host on SSH
inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://user@hostname
# run test on remote windows host on WinRM
inspec exec test.rb -t winrm://Administrator@windowshost --password 'your-password'
# run test on docker container
inspec exec test.rb -t docker://container_id
# run with sudo
inspec exec test.rb --sudo [--sudo-password ...] [--sudo-options ...] [--sudo_command ...]
# run in a subshell
inspec exec test.rb --shell [--shell-options ...] [--shell-command ...]
```
### detect
Verify your configuration and detect
```bash
id=$( docker run -dti ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash )
inspec detect -t docker://$id
```
Which will provide you with:
```
{"family":"ubuntu","release":"14.04","arch":null}
```
## Supported OS
Remote Targets
Platform | Versions | Architectures
--- | --- | ---
AIX | 6.1, 7.1, 7.2 | ppc64
CentOS | 5, 6, 7 | i386, x86_64
Debian | 7, 8 | i386, x86_64
FreeBSD | 9, 10 | i386, amd64
Mac OS X | 10.9, 10.10, 10.11 | x86_64
Oracle Enterprise Linux | 5, 6, 7 | i386, x86_64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 5, 6, 7 | i386, x86_64
Solaris | 10, 11 | sparc, x86
Windows | 7, 8, 8.1, 10, 2008, 2008R2 , 2012, 2012R2, 2016 | x86, x86_64
Ubuntu Linux | | x86, x86_64
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server | 11, 12 | x86_64
Scientific Linux | 5.x, 6.x and 7.x | i386, x86_64
Fedora | | x86_64
OpenSUSE | 13.1/13.2/42.1 | x86_64
OmniOS | | x86_64
Gentoo Linux | | x86_64
Arch Linux | | x86_64
HP-UX | 11.31 | ia64
*For Windows, PowerShell 3.0 or above is required.*
In addition, runtime support is provided for:
Platform | Versions
---- | ----
Debian | 8
RHEL | 6, 7
Ubuntu | 12.04+
Windows | 7+
Windows | 2012+
## Documentation
Documentation
* https://www.inspec.io/docs/
* https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/
* https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/master/docs
Tutorials/Blogs/Podcasts:
* https://www.inspec.io/tutorials/
Relationship to other tools (RSpec, Serverspec):
* https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/inspec_and_friends/
## Share your Profiles
You may share your InSpec Profiles in the [Tools & Plugins section](https://supermarket.chef.io/tools-directory) of the [Chef Supermarket](https://supermarket.chef.io/). [Sign in](https://supermarket.chef.io/sign-in) and [add the details of your profile](https://supermarket.chef.io/tools/new).
You may also [browse the Supermarket for shared Compliance Profiles](https://supermarket.chef.io/tools?type=compliance_profile).
## Kudos
InSpec is inspired by the wonderful [Serverspec](http://serverspec.org) project. Kudos to [mizzy](https://github.com/mizzy) and [all contributors](https://github.com/mizzy/serverspec/graphs/contributors)!
## Contribute
1. Fork it
1. Create your feature branch (git checkout -b my-new-feature)
1. Commit your changes (git commit -am 'Add some feature')
1. Push to the branch (git push origin my-new-feature)
1. Create new Pull Request
The InSpec community and maintainers are very active and helpful. This project benefits greatly from this activity.
[](https://waffle.io/chef/inspec/metrics/throughput)
## Testing InSpec
We perform `unit` and `integration` tests.
- `unit` tests ensure the intended behaviour of the implementation
- `integration` tests run against Docker-based VMs via test-kitchen and [kitchen-inspec](https://github.com/chef/kitchen-inspec)
### Unit tests
```bash
bundle exec rake test
```
If you like to run only one test file:
```bash
bundle exec m test/unit/resources/user_test.rb
```
You may also run a single test within a file by line number:
```bash
bundle exec m test/unit/resources/user_test.rb -l 123
```
### Integration tests
These tests download various virtual machines, to ensure InSpec is working as expected across different operating systems.
These tests require the following gems:
- test-kitchen
- kitchen-dokken
- kitchen-inspec
These gems are provided via the `integration` group in the project's Gemfile.
In addition, these test require Docker to be available on your machine or a remote Docker machine configured via the standard Docker environment variables.
#### Running Integration tests
List the various test instances available:
```bash
bundle exec kitchen list`
```
The platforms and test suites are configured in the `.kitchen.yml` file. Once you know which instance you wish to test, test that instance:
```bash
bundle exec kitchen test <INSTANCE_NAME>
```
You may test all instances in parallel with:
```bash
bundle exec kitchen test -c
```
## License
| | |
| ------ | --- |
| **Author:** | Dominik Richter (<drichter@chef.io>) |
| **Author:** | Christoph Hartmann (<chartmann@chef.io>) |
| **Copyright:** | Copyright (c) 2015 Chef Software Inc. |
| **Copyright:** | Copyright (c) 2015 Vulcano Security GmbH. |
| **License:** | Apache License, Version 2.0 |
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.