===================================================== InSpec Resources Reference ===================================================== The following InSpec audit resources are available: * ``apache_conf`` * ``apt`` * ``audit_policy`` * ``auditd_conf`` * ``auditd_rules`` * ``bond`` * ``bridge`` * ``csv`` * ``command`` * ``directory`` * ``etc_group`` * ``file`` * ``gem`` * ``group`` * ``host`` * ``inetd_conf`` * ``interface`` * ``iptables`` * ``kernel_module`` * ``kernel_parameter`` * ``limits_conf`` * ``login_defs`` * ``mysql_conf`` * ``mysql_session`` * ``npm`` * ``ntp_conf`` * ``oneget`` * ``os`` * ``os_env`` * ``package`` * ``parse_config`` * ``parse_config_file`` * ``passwd`` * ``pip`` * ``port`` * ``postgres_conf`` * ``postgres_session`` * ``processes`` * ``registry_key`` * ``script`` * ``security_policy`` * ``service`` * ``ssh_config`` * ``sshd_config`` * ``user`` * ``windows_feature`` * ``yaml`` * ``yum`` See below for more information about each InSpec audit resource, its related matchers, and examples of how to use it in a recipe. apache_conf ===================================================== Use the ``apache_conf`` |inspec resource| to test the configuration settings for |apache|. This file is typically located under ``/etc/apache2`` on the |debian| and |ubuntu| platforms and under ``/etc/httpd`` on the |fedora|, |centos|, |redhat enterprise linux|, and |archlinux| platforms. The configuration settings may vary significantly from platform to platform. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- An ``apache_conf`` |inspec resource| block declares configuration settings that should be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe apache_conf('path') do its('setting_name') { should eq 'value' } end where * ``'setting_name'`` is a configuration setting defined in the |apache| configuration file * ``('path')`` is the non-default path to the |apache| configuration file * ``{ should eq 'value' }`` is the value that is expected Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This |inspec resource| matches any service that is listed in the |apache| configuration file: .. code-block:: ruby its('PidFile') { should_not eq '/var/run/httpd.pid' } or: .. code-block:: ruby its('Timeout') { should eq 300 } For example: .. code-block:: ruby describe apache_conf do its('MaxClients') { should eq 100 } its('Listen') { should eq '443'} end Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource in a test. **Test for blocking .htaccess files on CentOS** .. code-block:: ruby describe apache_conf do its('AllowOverride') { should eq 'None' } end **Test ports for SSL** .. code-block:: ruby describe apache_conf do its('Listen') { should eq '443'} end apt ===================================================== Use the ``apt`` |inspec resource| to verify |apt| repositories on the |debian| and |ubuntu| platforms, and also |ppa| repositories on the |ubuntu| platform. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- An ``apt`` |inspec resource| block tests the contents of |apt| and |ppa| repositories: .. code-block:: ruby describe apt('path') do it { should exist } it { should be_enabled } end where * ``apt('path')`` must specify an |apt| or |ppa| repository * ``('path')`` may be an ``http://`` address, a ``ppa:`` address, or a short ``repo-name/ppa`` address * ``exist`` and ``be_enabled`` are a valid matchers for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_enabled +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_enabled`` matcher tests if a package exists in the repository: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_enabled } exist +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exist`` matcher tests if a package exists on the system: .. code-block:: ruby it { should exist } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource in a test. **Test if apt repository exists and is enabled** .. code-block:: ruby describe apt('http://ppa.launchpad.net/juju/stable/ubuntu') do it { should exist } it { should be_enabled } end **Verify that a PPA repository exists and is enabled** .. code-block:: ruby describe apt('ppa:nginx/stable') do it { should exist } it { should be_enabled } end **Verify that a repository is not present** .. code-block:: ruby describe apt('ubuntu-wine/ppa') do it { should_not exist } it { should_not be_enabled } end audit_policy ===================================================== Use the ``audit_policy`` |inspec resource| to test auditing policies on the |windows| platform. An auditing policy is a category of security-related events to be audited. Auditing is disabled by default and may be enabled for categories like account management, logon events, policy changes, process tracking, privilege use, system events, or object access. For each auditing category property that is enabled, the auditing level may be set to ``No Auditing``, ``Not Specified``, ``Success``, ``Success and Failure``, or ``Failure``. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- An ``audit_policy`` |inspec resource| block declares a parameter that belongs to an audit policy category or subcategory: .. code-block:: ruby describe audit_policy do its('parameter') { should eq 'value' } end where * ``'parameter'`` must specify a parameter * ``'value'`` must be one of ``No Auditing``, ``Not Specified``, ``Success``, ``Success and Failure``, or ``Failure`` Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource does not have any matchers. Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test that a parameter is not set to "No Auditing"** .. code-block:: ruby describe audit_policy do its('Other Account Logon Events') { should_not eq 'No Auditing' } end **Test that a parameter is set to "Success"** .. code-block:: ruby describe audit_policy do its('User Account Management') { should eq 'Success' } end auditd_conf ===================================================== Use the ``auditd_conf`` |inspec resource| to test the configuration settings for the audit daemon. This file is typically located under ``/etc/audit/auditd.conf'`` on |unix| and |linux| platforms. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``auditd_conf`` |inspec resource| block declares configuration settings that should be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe auditd_conf('path') do its('keyword') { should eq 'value' } end where * ``'keyword'`` is a configuration setting defined in the ``auditd.conf`` configuration file * ``('path')`` is the non-default path to the ``auditd.conf`` configuration file * ``{ should eq 'value' }`` is the value that is expected Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This |inspec resource| matches any keyword that is listed in the ``auditd.conf`` configuration file: .. code-block:: ruby its('log_format') { should eq 'raw' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the auditd.conf file** .. code-block:: ruby describe auditd_conf do its('log_file') { should eq '/full/path/to/file' } its('log_format') { should eq 'raw' } its('flush') { should eq 'none' } its('freq') { should eq '1' } its('num_logs') { should eq '0' } its('max_log_file') { should eq '6' } its('max_log_file_action') { should eq 'email' } its('space_left') { should eq '2' } its('action_mail_acct') { should eq 'root' } its('space_left_action') { should eq 'email' } its('admin_space_left') { should eq '1' } its('admin_space_left_action') { should eq 'halt' } its('disk_full_action') { should eq 'halt' } its('disk_error_action') { should eq 'halt' } end auditd_rules ===================================================== Use the ``auditd_rules`` |inspec resource| to test the rules for logging that exist on the system. The ``audit.rules`` file is typically located under ``/etc/audit/`` and contains the list of rules that define what is captured in log files. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``auditd_rules`` |inspec resource| block declares one (or more) rules to be tested, and then what that rule should do: .. code-block:: ruby describe auditd_rules do its('LIST_RULES') { should eq [ 'exit,always syscall=rmdir,unlink', 'exit,always auid=1001 (0x3e9) syscall=open', 'exit,always watch=/etc/group perm=wa', 'exit,always watch=/etc/passwd perm=wa', 'exit,always watch=/etc/shadow perm=wa', 'exit,always watch=/etc/sudoers perm=wa', 'exit,always watch=/etc/secret_directory perm=r', ] } end or test that individual rules are defined: .. code-block:: ruby describe auditd_rules do its('LIST_RULES') {should contain_match(/^exit,always watch=\/etc\/group perm=wa key=identity/) } its('LIST_RULES') {should contain_match(/^exit,always watch=\/etc\/passwd perm=wa key=identity/) } its('LIST_RULES') {should contain_match(/^exit,always watch=\/etc\/gshadow perm=wa key=identity/)} its('LIST_RULES') {should contain_match(/^exit,always watch=\/etc\/shadow perm=wa key=identity/)} its('LIST_RULES') {should contain_match(/^exit,always watch=\/etc\/security\/opasswd perm=wa key=identity/)} end where each test * Must declare one (or more) rules to be tested Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if a rule contains a matching element that is identified by a regular expression.** .. code-block:: ruby describe audit_daemon_rules do its("LIST_RULES") { should contain_match(/^exit,always arch=.* key=time-change syscall=adjtimex,settimeofday/) } end bond ===================================================== Use the ``bond`` |inspec resource| to test a logical, bonded network interface (i.e. "two or more network interfaces aggregated into a single, logical network interface"). On |linux| platforms, any value in the ``/proc/net/bonding`` directory may be tested. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``bond`` |inspec resource| block declares a bonded network interface, and then specifies the properties of that bonded network interface to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe bond('name') do it { should exist } end where * ``'name'`` is the name of the bonded network interface * ``{ should exist }`` is a valid matcher for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. content +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``content`` matcher tests if contents in the file that defines the bonded network interface match the value specified in the test. The values of the ``content`` matcher are arbitrary: .. code-block:: ruby its('content') { should match('value') } exist +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exist`` matcher tests if the bonded network interface is available: .. code-block:: ruby it { should exist } have_interface +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``have_interface`` matcher tests if the bonded network interface has one (or more) secondary interfaces: .. code-block:: ruby it { should have_interface } interfaces +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``interfaces`` matcher tests if the named secondary interfaces are available: .. code-block:: ruby its('interfaces') { should eq ['eth0', 'eth1', ...] } params +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``params`` matcher tests arbitrary parameters for the bonded network interface: .. code-block:: ruby its('params') { should eq 'value' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if eth0 is a secondary interface for bond0** .. code-block:: ruby describe bond('bond0') do it { should exist } it { should have_interface 'eth0' } end **Test parameters for bond0** .. code-block:: ruby describe bond('bond0') do its('Bonding Mode') { should eq 'IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation' } its('Transmit Hash Policy') { should eq 'layer3+4 (1)' } its('MII Status') { should eq 'up' } its('MII Polling Interval (ms)') { should eq '100' } its('Up Delay (ms)') { should eq '0' } its('Down Delay (ms)') { should eq '0' } end bridge ===================================================== Use the ``bridge`` |inspec resource| to test basic network bridge properties, such as name, if an interface is defined, and the associations for any defined interface. * On |linux| platforms, any value in the ``/sys/class/net/{interface}/bridge`` directory may be tested * On the |windows| platform, the ``Get-NetAdapter`` cmdlet is associated with the ``Get-NetAdapterBinding`` cmdlet and returns the ``ComponentID ms_bridge`` value as a |json| object .. not sure the previous two bullet items are actually true, but keeping there for reference for now, just in case **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``bridge`` |inspec resource| block declares the bridge to be tested and what interface it should be associated with: .. code-block:: ruby describe bridge('br0') do it { should exist } it { should have_interface 'eth0' } end .. .. where .. .. * ``xxxxx`` must specify xxxxx .. * xxxxx .. * ``xxxxx`` is a valid matcher for this InSpec audit resource .. Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. exist +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exist`` matcher tests if the network bridge is available: .. code-block:: ruby it { should exist } have_interface +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``have_interface`` matcher tests if the named interface is defined for the network bridge: .. code-block:: ruby it { should have_interface 'eth0' } interfaces +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``interfaces`` matcher tests if the named interface is present: .. code-block:: ruby its('interfaces') { should eq 'foo' } its('interfaces') { should eq 'bar' } its('interfaces') { should include('foo') } .. .. Examples .. ----------------------------------------------------- .. The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. .. .. **xxxxx** .. .. xxxxx .. .. **xxxxx** .. .. xxxxx .. command ===================================================== Use the ``command`` |inspec resource| to test an arbitrary command that is run on the system. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``command`` |inspec resource| block declares a command to be run, one (or more) expected outputs, and the location to which that output is sent: .. code-block:: ruby describe command('command') do it { should exist } its('matcher') { should eq 'output' } end where * ``'command'`` must specify a command to be run * ``'matcher'`` is one of ``exit_status``, ``stderr``, or ``stdout`` * ``'output'`` tests the output of the command run on the system versus the output value stated in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. exist +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exist`` matcher tests if a command may be run on the system: .. code-block:: ruby it { should exist } exit_status +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exit_status`` matcher tests the exit status for the command: .. code-block:: ruby its('exit_status') { should eq 123 } stderr +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``stderr`` matcher tests results of the command as returned in standard error (stderr): .. code-block:: ruby its('stderr') { should eq 'error' } stdout +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``stdout`` matcher tests results of the command as returned in standard output (stdout): .. code-block:: ruby its('stdout') { should eq '/^1$/' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test for PostgreSQL database running a RC, but no development, or beta release** .. code-block:: ruby describe command('psql -V') do its('stdout') { should eq '/RC/' } its('stdout') { should_not eq '/DEVEL/' } its('stdout') { should_not eq '/BETA/' } end **Test standard output (stdout)** .. code-block:: ruby describe command('echo hello') do its('stdout') { should eq 'hello\n' } its('stderr') { should eq '' } its('exit_status') { should eq 0 } end **Test standard error (stderr)** .. code-block:: ruby describe command('>&2 echo error') do its('stdout') { should eq '' } its('stderr') { should eq 'error\n' } its('exit_status') { should eq 0 } end **Test an exit status code** .. code-block:: ruby describe command('exit 123') do its('stdout') { should eq '' } its('stderr') { should eq '' } its('exit_status') { should eq 123 } end **Test if the command shell exists** .. code-block:: ruby describe command('/bin/sh').exist? do it { should eq true } end **Test for a command that should not exist** .. code-block:: ruby describe command('this is not existing').exist? do it { should eq false } end csv ===================================================== Use the ``csv`` |inspec resource| to test configuration data in a |csv| file. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``csv`` |inspec resource| block declares the configuration data to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe csv('file') do its('name') { should eq 'foo' } end where * ``'file'`` is the path to a |csv| file * ``name`` is a configuration setting in a |csv| file * ``should eq 'foo'`` tests a value of ``name`` as read from a |csv| file versus the value declared in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``name`` matcher tests the value of ``name`` as read from a |csv| file versus the value declared in the test: .. code-block:: ruby its('name') { should eq 'foo' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test a CSV file** .. code-block:: ruby describe csv('some_file.csv') do its('setting') { should eq 1 } end directory ===================================================== Use the ``directory`` |inspec resource| to test if the file type is a directory. This is equivalent to using the ``file`` |inspec resource| and the ``be_directory`` matcher, but provides a simpler and more direct way to test directories. All of the matchers available to ``file`` may be used with ``directory``. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``directory`` |inspec resource| block declares the location of the directory to be tested, and then one (or more) matchers: .. code-block:: ruby describe directory('path') do it { should MATCHER 'value' } end Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This |inspec resource| may use any of the matchers available to the ``file`` resource that are useful for testing a directory. .. .. Examples .. ----------------------------------------------------- .. The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. .. .. **xxxxx** .. .. xxxxx .. .. **xxxxx** .. .. xxxxx .. etc_group ===================================================== Use the ``etc_group`` |inspec resource| to test groups that are defined on |linux| and |unix| platforms. The ``/etc/group`` file stores details about each group---group name, password, group identifier, along with a comma-separate list of users that belong to the group. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``etc_group`` |inspec resource| block declares a collection of properties to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe etc_group('path') do its('matcher') { should eq 'some_value' } end or: .. code-block:: ruby describe etc_group.where(item: 'value', item: 'value') do its('gids') { should_not contain_duplicates } its('groups') { should include 'user_name' } its('users') { should include 'user_name' } end where * ``('path')`` is the non-default path to the ``inetd.conf`` file * ``.where()`` may specify a specific item and value, to which the matchers are compared * ``'gids'``, ``'groups'``, and ``'users'`` are valid matchers for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. gids +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``gids`` matcher tests if the named group identifier is present or if it contains duplicates: .. code-block:: ruby its('gids') { should_not contain_duplicates } groups +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``groups`` matcher tests all groups for the named user: .. code-block:: ruby its('groups') { should include 'my_group' } users +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``users`` matcher tests all groups for the named user: .. code-block:: ruby its('users') { should include 'my_user' } where +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``where`` matcher allows the test to be focused to one (or more) specific items: .. code-block:: ruby etc_group.where(item: 'value', item: 'value') where ``item`` may be one (or more) of: * ``name: 'name'`` * ``group_name: 'group_name'`` * ``password: 'password'`` * ``gid: 'gid'`` * ``group_id: 'gid'`` * ``users: 'user_name'`` * ``members: 'member_name'`` Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test group identifiers (GIDs) for duplicates** .. code-block:: ruby describe etc_group do its('gids') { should_not contain_duplicates } end **Test all groups to see if a specific user belongs to one (or more) groups** .. code-block:: ruby describe etc_group do its('groups') { should include 'my_group' } end **Test all groups for a specific user name** .. code-block:: ruby describe etc_group do its('users') { should include 'my_user' } end **Filter a list of groups for a specific user** .. code-block:: ruby describe etc_group.where(name: 'my_group') do its('users') { should include 'my_user' } end file ===================================================== Use the ``file`` |inspec resource| to test all system file types, including files, directories, symbolic links, named pipes, sockets, character devices, block devices, and doors. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``file`` |inspec resource| block declares the location of the file type to be tested, what type that file should be (if required), and then one (or more) matchers: .. code-block:: ruby describe file('path') do it { should MATCHER 'value' } end where * ``('path')`` is the name of the file and/or the path to the file * ``MATCHER`` is a valid matcher for this |inspec resource| * ``'value'`` is the value to be tested Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_block_device +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_block_device`` matcher tests if the file exists as a block device, such as ``/dev/disk0`` or ``/dev/disk0s9``: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_block_device } be_character_device +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_character_device`` matcher tests if the file exists as a character device (that corresponds to a block device), such as ``/dev/rdisk0`` or ``/dev/rdisk0s9``: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_character_device } be_directory +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_directory`` matcher tests if the file exists as a directory, such as ``/etc/passwd``, ``/etc/shadow``, or ``/var/log/httpd``: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_directory } be_executable +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_executable`` matcher tests if the file exists as an executable: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_executable } The ``be_executable`` matcher may also test if the file is executable by a specific owner, group, or user. For example, a group: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_executable.by('group') } an owner: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_executable.by('owner') } a user: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_executable.by_user('user') } be_file +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_file`` matcher tests if the file exists as a file. This can be useful with configuration files like ``/etc/passwd`` where there typically is not an associated file extension---``passwd.txt``: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_file } be_grouped_into +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_grouped_into`` matcher tests if the file exists as part of the named group: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_grouped_into 'group' } be_immutable +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_immutable`` matcher tests if the file is immutable, i.e. "cannot be changed": .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_immutable } be_linked_to +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_linked_to`` matcher tests if the file is linked to the named target: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_linked_to '/etc/target-file' } be_mounted +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_mounted`` matcher tests if the file is accessible from the file system: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_mounted } be_owned_by +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_owned_by`` matcher tests if the file is owned by the named user, such as ``root``: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_owned_by 'root' } be_pipe +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_pipe`` matcher tests if the file exists as first-in, first-out special file (``.fifo``) that is typically used to define a named pipe, such as ``/var/log/nginx/access.log.fifo``: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_pipe } be_readable +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_readable`` matcher tests if the file is readable: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_readable } The ``be_readable`` matcher may also test if the file is readable by a specific owner, group, or user. For example, a group: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_readable.by('group') } an owner: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_readable.by('owner') } a user: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_readable.by_user('user') } be_socket +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_socket`` matcher tests if the file exists as socket (``.sock``), such as ``/var/run/php-fpm.sock``: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_socket } be_symlink +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_symlink`` matcher tests if the file exists as a symbolic, or soft link that contains an absolute or relative path reference to another file: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_symlink } be_version +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_version`` matcher tests the version of the file: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_version '1.2.3' } be_writable +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_writable`` matcher tests if the file is writable: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_writable } The ``be_writable`` matcher may also test if the file is writable by a specific owner, group, or user. For example, a group: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_writable.by('group') } an owner: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_writable.by('owner') } a user: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_writable.by_user('user') } content +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``content`` matcher tests if contents in the file match the value specified in the test. The values of the ``content`` matcher are arbitrary and depend on the file type being tested and also the type of information that is expected to be in that file: .. code-block:: ruby its('content') { should contain 'value' } The following complete example tests the ``pg_hba.conf`` file in |postgresql| for |md5| requirements. The tests look at all ``host`` and ``local`` settings in that file, and then compare the |md5| checksums against the values in the test: .. code-block:: bash describe file(hba_config_file) do its('content') { should match '/local\s.*?all\s.*?all\s.*?md5/' } its('content') { should match '%r{/host\s.*?all\s.*?all\s.*?127.0.0.1\/32\s.*?md5/}' } its('content') { should match '%r{/host\s.*?all\s.*?all\s.*?::1\/128\s.*?md5/}' } end exist +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exist`` matcher tests if the named file exists: .. code-block:: ruby it { should exist } file_version +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``file_version`` matcher tests if the file's version matches the specified value. The difference between a file's "file version" and "product version" is that the file version is the version number of the file itself, whereas the product version is the version number associated with the application from which that file originates: .. code-block:: ruby its('file_version') { should eq '1.2.3' } group +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``group`` matcher tests if the group to which a file belongs matches the specified value: .. code-block:: ruby its('group') { should eq 'admins' } have_mode +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``have_mode`` matcher tests if a file has a mode assigned to it: .. code-block:: ruby it { should have_mode } link_path +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``link_path`` matcher tests if the file exists at the specified path: .. code-block:: ruby its('link_path') { should eq '/some/path/to/file' } link_target +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``link_target`` matcher tests if a file that is linked to this file exists at the specified path: .. code-block:: ruby its('link_target') { should eq '/some/path/to/file' } md5sum +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``md5sum`` matcher tests if the |md5| checksum for a file matches the specified value: .. code-block:: ruby its('md5sum') { should eq '3329x3hf9130gjs9jlasf2305mx91s4j' } mode +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``mode`` matcher tests if the mode assigned to the file matches the specified value: .. code-block:: ruby its('mode') { should eq 0644 } mtime +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``mtime`` matcher tests if the file modification time for the file matches the specified value: .. code-block:: ruby its('mtime') { should eq 'October 31 2015 12:10:45' } or: .. code-block:: bash describe file('/').mtime.to_i do it { should <= Time.now.to_i } it { should >= Time.now.to_i - 1000} end owner +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``owner`` matcher tests if the owner of the file matches the specified value: .. code-block:: ruby its('owner') { should eq 'root' } product_version +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``product_version`` matcher tests if the file's product version matches the specified value. The difference between a file's "file version" and "product version" is that the file version is the version number of the file itself, whereas the product version is the version number associated with the application from which that file originates: .. code-block:: ruby its('product_version') { should eq 2.3.4 } selinux_label +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``selinux_label`` matcher tests if the |selinux| label for a file matches the specified value: .. code-block:: ruby its('selinux_label') { should eq 'system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0' } sha256sum +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``sha256sum`` matcher tests if the |sha256| checksum for a file matches the specified value: .. code-block:: ruby its('sha256sum') { should eq 'b837ch38lh19bb8eaopl8jvxwd2e4g58jn9lkho1w3ed9jbkeicalplaad9k0pjn' } size +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``size`` matcher tests if a file's size matches, is greater than, or is less than the specified value. For example, equal: .. code-block:: ruby its('size') { should eq 32375 } Greater than: .. code-block:: ruby its('size') { should > 64 } Less than: .. code-block:: ruby its('size') { should < 10240 } type +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``type`` matcher tests if the first letter of the file's mode string contains one of the following characters: * ``-`` or ``f`` (the file is a file); use ``'file`` to test for this file type * ``d`` (the file is a directory); use ``'directory`` to test for this file type * ``l`` (the file is a symbolic link); use ``'link`` to test for this file type * ``p`` (the file is a named pipe); use ``'pipe`` to test for this file type * ``s`` (the file is a socket); use ``'socket`` to test for this file type * ``c`` (the file is a character device); use ``'character`` to test for this file type * ``b`` (the file is a block device); use ``'block`` to test for this file type * ``D`` (the file is a door); use ``'door`` to test for this file type For example: .. code-block:: ruby its('type') { should eq 'file' } or: .. code-block:: ruby its('type') { should eq 'socket' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the contents of a file for MD5 requirements** .. code-block:: bash describe file(hba_config_file) do its('content') { should match '/local\s.*?all\s.*?all\s.*?md5/' } its('content') { should match '%r{/host\s.*?all\s.*?all\s.*?127.0.0.1\/32\s.*?md5/}' } its('content') { should match '%r{/host\s.*?all\s.*?all\s.*?::1\/128\s.*?md5/}' } end **Test if a file exists** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/tmp') do it { should exist } end **Test that a file does not exist** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/tmpest') do it { should_not exist } end **Test if a path is a directory** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/tmp') do its('type') { should eq :directory } it { should be_directory } end **Test if a path is a file and not a directory** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/proc/version') do its('type') { should eq 'file' } it { should be_file } it { should_not be_directory } end **Test if a file is a symbolic link** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/dev/stdout') do its('type') { should eq 'symlink' } it { should be_symlink } it { should_not be_file } it { should_not be_directory } end **Test if a file is a character device** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/dev/zero') do its('type') { should eq 'character' } it { should be_character_device } it { should_not be_file } it { should_not be_directory } end **Test if a file is a block device** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/dev/zero') do its('type') { should eq 'block' } it { should be_character_device } it { should_not be_file } it { should_not be_directory } end **Test the mode for a file** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/dev') do its('mode') { should eq 00755 } end **Test the owner of a file** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/root') do its('owner') { should eq 'root' } end **Test if a file is owned by the root user** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/dev') do it { should be_owned_by 'root' } end **Test the mtime for a file** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/').mtime.to_i do it { should <= Time.now.to_i } it { should >= Time.now.to_i - 1000} end **Test that a file's size is between 64 and 10240** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/') do its('size') { should be > 64 } its('size') { should be < 10240 } end **Test that a file's size is zero** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/proc/cpuinfo') do its('size') { should be 0 } end **Test that a file is not mounted** .. code-block:: bash describe file('/proc/cpuinfo') do it { should_not be_mounted } end **Test an MD5 checksum** .. code-block:: bash require 'digest' cpuinfo = file('/proc/cpuinfo').content md5sum = Digest::MD5.hexdigest(cpuinfo) describe file('/proc/cpuinfo') do its('md5sum') { should eq md5sum } end **Test an SHA-256 checksum** .. code-block:: bash require 'digest' cpuinfo = file('/proc/cpuinfo').content sha256sum = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(cpuinfo) describe file('/proc/cpuinfo') do its('sha256sum') { should eq sha256sum } end gem ===================================================== Use the ``gem`` |inspec resource| to test if a global |gem| package is installed. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``gem`` |inspec resource| block declares a package and (optionally) a package version: .. code-block:: ruby describe gem('gem_package_name') do it { should be_installed } end where * ``('gem_package_name')`` must specify a |gem| package, such as ``'rubocop'`` * ``be_installed`` is a valid matcher for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_installed +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_installed`` matcher tests if the named |gem| package is installed: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_installed } version +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``version`` matcher tests if the named package version is on the system: .. code-block:: ruby its('version') { should eq '0.33.0' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Verify that a gem package is installed, with a specific version** .. code-block:: ruby describe gem('rubocop') do it { should be_installed } its('version') { should eq '0.33.0' } end **Verify that a gem package is not installed** .. code-block:: ruby describe gem('rubocop') do it { should_not be_installed } end group ===================================================== Use the ``group`` |inspec resource| to test groups on the system. Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``group`` |inspec resource| block declares a group, and then the details to be tested, such as if the group is a local group, the group identifier, or if the group exists: .. code-block:: ruby describe group('group_name') do it { should exist } its('gid') { should eq 0 } end where * ``'group_name'`` must specify the name of a group on the system * ``exist`` and ``'gid'`` are valid matchers for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_local +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_local`` matcher tests if the group is a local group: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_local } exist +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exist`` matcher tests if the named user exists: .. code-block:: ruby it { should exist } gid +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``gid`` matcher tests the named group identifier: .. code-block:: ruby its('gid') { should eq 1234 } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the group identifier for the root group** .. code-block:: ruby describe group('root') do it { should exist } its('gid') { should eq 0 } end host ===================================================== Use the ``host`` |inspec resource| to test the name used to refer to a specific host and its availability, including the Internet protocols and ports over which that host name should be available. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``host`` |inspec resource| block declares a host name, and then (depending on what is to be tested) a port and/or a protocol: .. code-block:: ruby describe host('example.com', port: 80, proto: 'tcp') do it { should be_reachable } end where * ``host()`` must specify a host name and may specify a port number and/or a protocol * ``'example.com'`` is the host name * ``port:`` is the port number * ``proto: 'name'`` is the Internet protocol: |tcp| (``proto: 'tcp'``), |udp| (``proto: 'udp'`` or |icmp| (``proto: 'icmp'``)) * ``be_reachable`` is a valid matcher for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_reachable +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_reachable`` matcher tests if the host name is available: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_reachable } be_resolvable +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_resolvable`` matcher tests for host name resolution, i.e. "resolvable to an IP address": .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_resolvable } ipaddress ----------------------------------------------------- The ``ipaddress`` matcher tests if a host name is resolvable to a specific IP address: .. code-block:: ruby its('ipaddress') { should include '93.184.216.34' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Verify host name s reachable over a specific protocol and port number** .. code-block:: ruby describe host('example.com', port: 53, proto: 'udp') do it { should be_reachable } end **Verify that a specific IP address can be resolved** .. code-block:: ruby describe host('example.com', port: 80, proto: 'tcp') do it { should be_resolvable } its('ipaddress') { should include '192.168.1.1' } end inetd_conf ===================================================== Use the ``inetd_conf`` |inspec resource| to test if a service is enabled in the ``inetd.conf`` file on |linux| and |unix| platforms. |inetd|---the Internet service daemon---listens on dedicated ports, and then loads the appropriate program based on a request. The ``inetd.conf`` file is typically located at ``/etc/inetd.conf`` and contains a list of Internet services associated to the ports on which that service will listen. Only enabled services may handle a request; only services that are required by the system should be enabled. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- An ``inetd_conf`` |inspec resource| block declares the list of services that are enabled in the ``inetd.conf`` file: .. code-block:: ruby describe inetd_conf('path') do its('service_name') { should eq 'value' } end where * ``'service_name'`` is a service listed in the ``inetd.conf`` file * ``('path')`` is the non-default path to the ``inetd.conf`` file * ``should eq 'value'`` is the value that is expected Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This |inspec resource| matches any service that is listed in the ``inetd.conf`` file. You may want to ensure that specific services do not listen via ``inetd.conf``: .. code-block:: ruby its('shell') { should eq nil } or: .. code-block:: ruby its('netstat') { should eq nil } or: .. code-block:: ruby its('systat') { should eq nil } For example: .. code-block:: ruby describe inetd_conf do its('shell') { should eq nil } its('login') { should eq nil } its('exec') { should eq nil } end Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Verify that FTP is disabled** The contents if the ``inetd.conf`` file contain the following: .. code-block:: text #ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.ftpd -l -a #telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.telnetd and the following test is defined: .. code-block:: ruby describe inetd_conf do its('ftp') { should eq nil } its('telnet') { should eq nil } end Because both the ``ftp`` and ``telnet`` Internet services are commented out (``#``), both services are disabled. Consequently, both tests will return ``true``. However, if the ``inetd.conf`` file is set as follows: .. code-block:: text ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.ftpd -l -a #telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.telnetd then the same test will return ``false`` for ``ftp`` and the entire test will fail. **Test if telnet is installed** .. code-block:: ruby describe package('telnetd') do it { should_not be_installed } end describe inetd_conf do its('telnet') { should eq nil } end interface ===================================================== Use the ``interface`` |inspec resource| to test basic network adapter properties, such as name, status, state, address, and link speed (in MB/sec). * On |linux| platforms, ``/sys/class/net/#{iface}`` is used as source * On the |windows| platform, the ``Get-NetAdapter`` cmdlet is used as source **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- An ``interface`` |inspec resource| block declares network interface properties to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe interface do it { should be_up } its('speed') { should eq 1000 } its('name') { should eq eth0 } end Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_up +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_up`` matcher tests if the network interface is available: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_up } name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``name`` matcher tests if the named network interface exists: .. code-block:: ruby its('name') { should eq eth0 } speed +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``speed`` matcher tests the speed of the network interface, in MB/sec: .. code-block:: ruby its('speed') { should eq 1000 } .. .. Examples .. ----------------------------------------------------- .. The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. .. .. **xxxxx** .. .. xxxxx .. .. **xxxxx** .. .. xxxxx .. iptables ===================================================== Use the ``iptables`` |inspec resource| to test rules that are defined in ``iptables``, which maintains tables of IP packet filtering rules. There may be more than one table. Each table contains one (or more) chains (both built-in and custom). A chain is a list of rules that match packets. When the rule matches, the rule defines what target to assign to the packet. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``iptables`` |inspec resource| block declares tests for rules in IP tables: .. code-block:: ruby describe iptables(rule:'name', table:'name', chain: 'name') do it { should have_rule('RULE') } end where * ``iptables()`` may specify any combination of ``rule``, ``table``, or ``chain`` * ``rule:'name'`` is the name of a rule that matches a set of packets * ``table:'name'`` is the packet matching table against which the test is run * ``chain: 'name'`` is the name of a user-defined chain or one of ``ACCEPT``, ``DROP``, ``QUEUE``, or ``RETURN`` * ``have_rule('RULE')`` tests that rule in the iptables file Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. have_rule +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``have_rule`` matcher tests the named rule against the information in the ``iptables`` file: .. code-block:: ruby it { should have_rule('RULE') } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if the IP table allows a packet through** .. code-block:: ruby describe iptables do it { should have_rule('-P INPUT ACCEPT') } end **Test if the IP table allows a packet through, for a specific table and chain** .. code-block:: ruby describe iptables(table:'mangle', chain: 'input') do it { should have_rule('-P INPUT ACCEPT') } end json ===================================================== Use the ``json`` |inspec resource| to test data in a |json| file. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``json`` |inspec resource| block declares the data to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe json do its('name') { should eq 'foo' } end where * ``name`` is a configuration setting in a |json| file * ``should eq 'foo'`` tests a value of ``name`` as read from a |json| file versus the value declared in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``name`` matcher tests the value of ``name`` as read from a |json| file versus the value declared in the test: .. code-block:: ruby its('name') { should eq 'foo' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test a cookbook version in a policyfile.lock.json file** .. code-block:: ruby describe json('policyfile.lock.json') do its('cookbook_locks.omnibus.version') { should eq('2.2.0') } end kernel_module ===================================================== Use the ``kernel_module`` |inspec resource| to test kernel modules on |linux| platforms. These parameters are located under ``/lib/modules``. Any submodule may be tested using this resource. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``kernel_module`` |inspec resource| block declares a module name, and then tests if that module is a loadable kernel module: .. code-block:: ruby describe kernel_module('module_name') do it { should be_loaded } end where * ``'module_name'`` must specify a kernel module, such as ``'bridge'`` * ``{ should be_loaded }`` tests if the module is a loadable kernel module Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_loaded +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_loaded`` matcher tests if the module is a loadable kernel module: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_loaded } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if a module is loaded** .. code-block:: ruby describe kernel_module('bridge') do it { should be_loaded } end kernel_parameter ===================================================== Use the ``kernel_parameter`` |inspec resource| to test kernel parameters on |linux| platforms. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``kernel_parameter`` |inspec resource| block declares a parameter and then a value to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe kernel_parameter('path.to.parameter') do its('value') { should eq 0 } end where * ``'kernel.parameter'`` must specify a kernel parameter, such as ``'net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding'`` * ``{ should eq 0 }`` states the value to be tested Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. value +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``value`` matcher tests the value assigned to the named IP address versus the value declared in the test: .. code-block:: ruby its('value') { should eq 0 } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if global forwarding is enabled for an IPv4 address** .. code-block:: ruby describe kernel_parameter('net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding') do its(:value) { should eq 1 } end **Test if global forwarding is disabled for an IPv6 address** .. code-block:: ruby describe kernel_parameter('net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding') do its(:value) { should eq 0 } end **Test if an IPv6 address accepts redirects** .. code-block:: ruby describe kernel_parameter('net.ipv6.conf.interface.accept_redirects') do its(:value) { should eq 'true' } end limits_conf ===================================================== Use the ``limits_conf`` |inspec resource| to test configuration settings in the ``/etc/security/limits.conf`` file. The ``limits.conf`` defines limits for processes (by user and/or group names) and helps ensure that the system on which those processes are running remains stable. Each process may be assigned a hard or soft limit. * Soft limits are maintained by the shell and defines the number of file handles (or open files) available to the user or group after login * Hard limits are maintained by the kernel and defines the maximum number of allowed file handles Entries in the ``limits.conf`` file are similar to: .. code-block:: bash grantmc soft nofile 4096 grantmc hard nofile 63536 ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ domain type item value **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``limits_conf`` |inspec resource| block declares a domain to be tested, along with associated type, item, and value: .. code-block:: ruby describe limits_conf('path') do its('domain') { should include ['type', 'item', 'value'] } its('domain') { should eq ['type', 'item', 'value'] } end where * ``('path')`` is the non-default path to the ``inetd.conf`` file * ``'domain'`` is a user or group name, such as ``grantmc`` * ``'type'`` is either ``hard`` or ``soft`` * ``'item'`` is the item for which limits are defined, such as ``core``, ``nofile``, ``stack``, ``nproc``, ``priority``, or ``maxlogins`` * ``'value'`` is the value associated with the ``item`` Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. domain +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``domain`` matcher tests the domain in the ``limits.conf`` file, along with associated type, item, and value: .. code-block:: ruby its('domain') { should include ['type', 'item', 'value'] } For example: .. code-block:: ruby its('grantmc') { should include ['hard', 'nofile', '63536'] } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test * and ftp limits** .. code-block:: ruby describe limits_conf('path') do its('*') { should include ['soft', 'core', '0'] } its('*') { should include ['hard', 'rss', '10000'] } its('ftp') { should eq ['hard', 'nproc', '0'] } end login_defs ===================================================== Use the ``login_defs`` |inspec resource| to test configuration settings in the ``/etc/login.defs`` file. The ``logins.defs`` file defines site-specific configuration for the shadow password suite on |linux| and |unix| platforms, such as password expiration ranges, minimum/maximum values for automatic selection of user and group identifiers, or the method with which passwords are encrypted. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``login_defs`` |inspec resource| block declares the ``login.defs`` configuration data to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe login_defs do its('name') { should include('foo') } end where * ``name`` is a configuration setting in ``login.defs`` * ``{ should include('foo') }`` tests the value of ``name`` as read from ``login.defs`` versus the value declared in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``name`` matcher tests the value of ``name`` as read from ``login.defs`` versus the value declared in the test: .. code-block:: ruby its('name') { should eq 'foo' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test password expiration settings** .. code-block:: ruby describe login_defs do its('PASS_MAX_DAYS') { should eq '180' } its('PASS_MIN_DAYS') { should eq '1' } its('PASS_MIN_LEN') { should eq '15' } its('PASS_WARN_AGE') { should eq '30' } end **Test the encryption method** .. code-block:: ruby describe login_defs do its('ENCRYPT_METHOD') { should eq 'SHA512' } end **Test umask and password expiration** .. code-block:: ruby describe login_def do its('UMASK') { should eq '077' } its('PASS_MAX_DAYS') { should eq '90' } end mysql_conf ===================================================== Use the ``mysql_conf`` |inspec resource| to test the contents of the configuration file for |mysql|, typically located at ``/etc/mysql/my.cnf`` or ``/etc/my.cnf``. Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``mysql_conf`` |inspec resource| block declares one (or more) settings in the ``my.cnf`` file, and then compares the setting in the configuration file to the value stated in the test: .. code-block:: ruby describe mysql_conf('path') do its('setting') { should eq 'value' } end where * ``'setting'`` specifies a setting in the ``my.cnf`` file, such as ``max_connections`` * ``('path')`` is the non-default path to the ``my.cnf`` file * ``should eq 'value'`` is the value that is expected **Stability: Experimental** Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. setting +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``setting`` matcher tests specific, named settings in the ``my.cnf`` file: .. code-block:: ruby its('setting') { should eq 'value' } Use a ``setting`` matcher for each setting to be tested. Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the maximum number of allowed connections** .. code-block:: ruby describe mysql_conf do its('max_connections') { should eq '505' } its('max_user_connections') { should eq '500' } end **Test slow query logging** .. code-block:: ruby describe mysql_conf do its('slow_query_log_file') { should eq 'hostname_slow.log' } its('slow_query_log') { should eq '0' } its('log_queries_not_using_indexes') { should eq '1' } its('long_query_time') { should eq '0.5' } its('min_examined_row_limit') { should eq '100' } end **Test the port and socket on which MySQL listens** .. code-block:: ruby describe mysql_conf do its('port') { should eq '3306' } its('socket') { should eq '/var/run/mysqld/mysql.sock' } end **Test connection and thread variables** .. code-block:: ruby describe mysql_conf do its('port') { should eq '3306' } its('socket') { should eq '/var/run/mysqld/mysql.sock' } its('max_allowed_packet') { should eq '12M' } its('default_storage_engine') { should eq 'InnoDB' } its('character_set_server') { should eq 'utf8' } its('collation_server') { should eq 'utf8_general_ci' } its('max_connections') { should eq '505' } its('max_user_connections') { should eq '500' } its('thread_cache_size') { should eq '505' } end **Test the safe-user-create parameter** .. code-block:: ruby describe mysql_conf.params('mysqld') do its('safe-user-create') { should eq('1') } end mysql_session ===================================================== Use the ``mysql_session`` |inspec resource| to test SQL commands run against a |mysql| database. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``mysql_session`` |inspec resource| block declares the username and password to use for the session, and then the command to be run: .. code-block:: ruby describe mysql_session('username', 'password').query('QUERY') do its('output') { should eq('') } end where * ``mysql_session`` declares a username and password with permission to run the query * ``query('QUERY')`` contains the query to be run * ``its('output') { should eq('') }`` compares the results of the query against the expected result in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. output +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``output`` matcher tests the results of the query: .. code-block:: ruby its('output') { should eq(/^0/) } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test for matching databases** .. code-block:: ruby sql = mysql_session('my_user','password') describe sql.query('show databases like \'test\';') do its(:stdout) { should_not match(/test/) } end npm ===================================================== Use the ``npm`` |inspec resource| to test if a global |npm| package is installed. |npm| is the `the package manager for Nodejs packages `__, such as |bower| and |statsd|. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``npm`` |inspec resource| block declares a package and (optionally) a package version: .. code-block:: ruby describe gem('npm_package_name') do it { should be_installed } end where * ``('npm_package_name')`` must specify a |npm| package, such as ``'bower'`` or ``'statsd'`` * ``be_installed`` is a valid matcher for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_installed +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_installed`` matcher tests if the named |gem| package and package version (if specified) is installed: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_installed } version +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``version`` matcher tests if the named package version is on the system: .. code-block:: ruby its('version') { should eq '1.2.3' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Verify that bower is installed, with a specific version** .. code-block:: ruby describe npm('bower') do it { should be_installed } its('version') { should eq '1.4.1' } end **Verify that statsd is not installed** .. code-block:: ruby describe npm('statsd') do it { should_not be_installed } end ntp_conf ===================================================== Use the ``ntp_conf`` |inspec resource| to test the synchronization settings defined in the ``ntp.conf`` file. This file is typically located at ``/etc/ntp.conf``. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- An ``ntp_conf`` |inspec resource| block declares the synchronization settings that should be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe ntp_conf('path') do its('setting_name') { should eq 'value' } end where * ``'setting_name'`` is a synchronization setting defined in the ``ntp.conf`` file * ``('path')`` is the non-default path to the ``ntp.conf`` file * ``{ should eq 'value' }`` is the value that is expected Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This |inspec resource| matches any service that is listed in the ``ntp.conf`` file: .. code-block:: ruby its('server') { should_not eq nil } or: .. code-block:: ruby its('restrict') { should include '-4 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery'} For example: .. code-block:: ruby describe ntp_conf do its('server') { should_not eq nil } its('restrict') { should include '-4 default kod notrap nomodify nopeer noquery'} end Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test for clock drift against named servers** .. code-block:: ruby describe ntp_conf do its('driftfile') { should eq '/var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift' } its('server') { should eq [ 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org, 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org, 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org ] } end oneget ===================================================== Use the ``oneget`` |inspec resource| to test if the named package and/or package version is installed on the system. This resource uses |oneget|, which is `part of the Windows Management Framework 5.0 and Windows 10 `__. This resource uses the ``Get-Package`` cmdlet to return all of the package names in the |oneget| repository. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``oneget`` |inspec resource| block declares a package and (optionally) a package version: .. code-block:: ruby describe oneget('name') do it { should be_installed } end where * ``('name')`` must specify the name of a package, such as ``'VLC'`` * ``be_installed`` is a valid matcher for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_installed +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_installed`` matcher tests if the named package is installed on the system: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_installed } version +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``version`` matcher tests if the named package version is on the system: .. code-block:: ruby its('version') { should eq '1.2.3' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if VLC is installed** .. code-block:: ruby describe package('VLC') do it { should be_installed } end os ===================================================== Use the ``os`` |inspec resource| to test the platform on which the system is running. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``os`` |inspec resource| block declares the platform to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe os['family'] do it { should eq 'platform' } end where * ``'platform'`` is one of ``bsd``, ``debian``, ``linux``, ``redhat``, ``solaris``, ``suse``, ``unix``, or ``windows`` Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource does not have any matchers. Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test for RedHat** .. code-block:: ruby describe os['family'] do it { should eq 'redhat' } end **Test for Ubuntu** .. code-block:: ruby describe os['family'] do it { should eq 'debian' } end **Test for Microsoft Windows** .. code-block:: ruby describe os['family'] do it { should eq 'windows' } end os_env ===================================================== Use the ``os_env`` |inspec resource| to test the environment variables for the platform on which the system is running. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``os_env`` |inspec resource| block declares an environment variable, and then declares its value: .. code-block:: ruby describe os_env('VARIABLE') do its('matcher') { should eq 1 } end where * ``('VARIABLE')`` must specify an environment variable, such as ``PATH`` * ``matcher`` is a valid matcher for this InSpec resource Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. content +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``content`` matcher return the value of the environment variable: .. code-block:: ruby its('content') { should eq '/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin' } split +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``split`` splits the content with the ``:``` deliminator: .. code-block:: ruby its('split') { should include ('') } or: .. code-block:: ruby its('split') { should_not include ('.') } Use ``-1`` to test for cases where there is a trailing colon (``:``), such as ``dir1::dir2:``: .. code-block:: ruby its('split') { should include ('-1') } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the PATH environment variable** .. code-block:: ruby describe os_env('PATH') do its('split') { should_not include('') } its('split') { should_not include('.') } end package ===================================================== Use the ``package`` |inspec resource| to test if the named package and/or package version is installed on the system. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``package`` |inspec resource| block declares a package and (optionally) a package version: .. code-block:: ruby describe package('name') do it { should be_installed } end where * ``('name')`` must specify the name of a package, such as ``'nginx'`` * ``be_installed`` is a valid matcher for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_installed +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_installed`` matcher tests if the named package is installed on the system: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_installed } version +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``version`` matcher tests if the named package version is on the system: .. code-block:: ruby its('version) { should eq '1.2.3' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if nginx version 1.9.5 is installed** .. code-block:: ruby describe package('nginx') do it { should be_installed } its('version') { should eq 1.9.5 } end **Test that a package is not installed** .. code-block:: ruby describe package('some_package') do it { should_not be_installed } end **Test if telnet is installed** .. code-block:: ruby describe package('telnetd') do it { should_not be_installed } end describe inetd_conf do its('telnet') { should eq nil } end **Test if ClamAV (an antivirus engine) is installed and running** .. code-block:: ruby describe package('clamav') do it { should be_installed } its('version') { should eq '0.98.7' } end describe service('clamd') do it { should_not be_enabled } it { should_not be_installed } it { should_not be_running } end parse_config ===================================================== Use the ``parse_config`` |inspec resource| to test arbitrary configuration files. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``parse_config`` |inspec resource| block declares the location of the configuration setting to be tested, and then what value is to be tested. Because this |inspec resource| relies on arbitrary configuration files, the test itself is often arbitrary and relies on custom |ruby| code: .. code-block:: ruby output = command('some-command').stdout describe parse_config(output, { data_config_option: value } ) do its('setting') { should eq 1 } end or: .. code-block:: ruby audit = command('/sbin/auditctl -l').stdout options = { assignment_re: /^\s*([^:]*?)\s*:\s*(.*?)\s*$/, multiple_values: true } describe parse_config(audit, options) do its('setting') { should eq 1 } end where each test * Must declare the location of the configuration file to be tested * Must declare one (or more) settings to be tested * May run a command to ``stdout``, and then run the test against that output * May use options to define how configuration data is to be parsed Options ----------------------------------------------------- This |inspec resource| supports the following options for parsing configuration data. Use them in an ``options`` block stated outside of (and immediately before) the actual test: .. code-block:: ruby options = { assignment_re: /^\s*([^:]*?)\s*:\s*(.*?)\s*$/, multiple_values: true } describe parse_config(options) do its('setting') { should eq 1 } end assignment_re +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``assignment_re`` to test a key value using a regular expression: .. code-block:: ruby 'key = value' may be tested using the following regular expression, which determines assignment from key to value: .. code-block:: ruby assignment_re: /^\s*([^=]*?)\s*=\s*(.*?)\s*$/ comment_char +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``comment_char`` to test for comments in a configuration file: .. code-block:: ruby comment_char: '#' key_vals +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``key_vals`` to test how many values a key contains: .. code-block:: ruby key = a b c contains three values. To test that value to ensure it only contains one, use: .. code-block:: ruby key_vals: 1 multiple_values +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``multiple_values`` if the source file uses the same key multiple times. All values will be aggregated in an array: .. code-block:: ruby # # file structure: # key = a # key = b # key2 = c params['key'] = ['a', 'b'] params['key2'] = ['c'] To use plain key value mapping, use ``multiple_values: false``: .. code-block:: ruby # # file structure: # key = a # key = b # key2 = c params['key'] = 'b' params['key2'] = 'c' standalone_comments +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``standalone_comments`` to parse comments as a line , otherwise inline comments are allowed: .. code-block:: ruby 'key = value # comment' params['key'] = 'value # comment' Use ``standalone_comments: false``, to parse the following: .. code-block:: ruby 'key = value # comment' params['key'] = 'value' Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the expiration time for new account passwords** .. code-block:: ruby output = command('useradd -D').stdout describe parse_config(output) do its('INACTIVE') { should eq '35' } end **Test that bob is a user** .. code-block:: ruby describe parse_config(data, { multiple_values: true }) do its('users') { should include 'bob'} end parse_config_file ===================================================== Use the ``parse_config_file`` InSpec audit resource to test arbitrary configuration files. It works identiacal to ``parse_config``. Instead of using a command output, this resource works with files. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``parse_config_file`` InSpec audit resource block declares the location of the configuration file to be tested, and then which settings in that file are to be tested. .. code-block:: ruby describe parse_config_file('/path/to/file', { data_config_option: value } ) do its('setting') { should eq 1 } end or: .. code-block:: ruby options = { assignment_re: /^\s*([^:]*?)\s*:\s*(.*?)\s*$/, multiple_values: true } describe parse_config_file('path/to/file', options) do its('setting') { should eq 1 } end where each test * Must declare the location of the configuration file to be tested * Must declare one (or more) settings to be tested * May run a command to ``stdout``, and then run the test against that output * May use options to define how configuration data is to be parsed Options ----------------------------------------------------- This |inspec resource| supports the following options for parsing configuration data. Use them in an ``options`` block stated outside of (and immediately before) the actual test: .. code-block:: ruby options = { assignment_re: /^\s*([^:]*?)\s*:\s*(.*?)\s*$/, multiple_values: true } describe parse_config_file('path/to/file', options) do its('setting') { should eq 1 } end assignment_re +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``assignment_re`` to parse a key value using a regular expression: .. code-block:: ruby 'key = value' may be parsed using the following regular expression, which determines assignment from key to value: .. code-block:: ruby assignment_re: /^\s*([^=]*?)\s*=\s*(.*?)\s*$/ comment_char +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``comment_char`` to parse for comments in a configuration file: .. code-block:: ruby comment_char: '#' key_vals +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``key_vals`` to parse how many values a key contains: .. code-block:: ruby key = a b c contains three values. To test that value to ensure it only contains one, use: .. code-block:: ruby key_vals: 1 multiple_values +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``multiple_values`` if the source file uses the same key multiple times. All values will be aggregated in an array: .. code-block:: ruby # # file structure: # key = a # key = b # key2 = c params['key'] = ['a', 'b'] params['key2'] = ['c'] To use plain key value mapping, use ``multiple_values: false``: .. code-block:: ruby # # file structure: # key = a # key = b # key2 = c params['key'] = 'b' params['key2'] = 'c' standalone_comments +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Use ``standalone_comments`` to parse comments as a line , otherwise inline comments are allowed: .. code-block:: ruby 'key = value # comment' params['key'] = 'value # comment' Use ``standalone_comments: false``, to parse the following: .. code-block:: ruby 'key = value # comment' params['key'] = 'value' Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test a configuration setting** .. code-block:: ruby describe parse_config_file('/path/to/file.conf') do its('PARAM_X') { should eq 'Y' } end **Use options, and then test a configuration setting** .. code-block:: ruby describe parse_config_file('/path/to/file.conf', { multiple_values: true }) do its('PARAM_X') { should include 'Y' } end passwd ===================================================== Use the ``passwd`` |inspec resource| to test the contents of ``/etc/passwd``, which contains the following information for users that may log into the system and/or as users that own running processes. The format for ``/etc/passwd`` includes: * A username * The password for that user (on newer systems passwords should be stored in ``/etc/shadow`` ) * The user identifier (UID) assigned to that user * The group identifier (GID) assigned to that user * Additional information about that user * That user's home directory * That user's default command shell defined as a colon-delimited row in the file, one row per user: .. code-block:: bash root:x:1234:5678:additional_info:/home/dir/:/bin/bash **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``passwd`` |inspec resource| block declares one (or more) users and associated user information to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe passwd do its('matcher') { should eq 0 } end describe passwd.uid(filter) do its(:username) { should eq 'root' } its(:count) { should eq 1 } end where * ``gids``, ``passwords``, ``uids``, and ``usernames`` are valid matchers for ``passwd`` * ``filter`` is a filter for a specific uid * ``count``, ``uid``, ``username`` are valid matchers for ``passwd.uid(userid)`` Matchers for ``passwd`` ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. gids +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``gids`` matcher tests if the group indentifiers in the test match group identifiers in ``/etc/passwd``: .. code-block:: ruby its('gids') { should eq 1234 } passwords +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``passwords`` matcher tests if passwords are * Encrypted * Have direct logins disabled, as indicated by an asterisk (``*``) * In the ``/etc/shadow`` file, as indicated by the letter x (``x``) For example: .. code-block:: ruby its('passwords') { should eq 'x' } uids +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``uids`` matcher tests if the user indentifiers in the test match user identifiers in ``/etc/passwd``: .. code-block:: ruby its('uids') { should eq ['1234', '1235'] } usernames +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``usernames`` matcher tests if the usernames in the test match usernames in ``/etc/passwd``: .. code-block:: ruby its('usernames') { should eq ['root', 'www-data'] } Matchers for ``passwd.uid(userid)`` ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. count +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``count`` matcher tests the number of times the named user appears in ``/etc/passwd``: .. code-block:: ruby its('count') { should eq 1 } uid +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``uid`` matcher tests if the user identifier in the test matches a user identifier in ``/etc/passwd``: .. code-block:: ruby its('uid') { should eq 1234 } username +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``username`` matcher tests if the user name in the test matches a user name in ``/etc/passwd``: .. code-block:: ruby its('username') { should eq 'root' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test usernames and UIDs** .. code-block:: ruby describe passwd do its('usernames') { should eq ['root', 'www-data'] } its('uids') { should eq [0, 33] } end **Select one user and test for multiple occurances in passwd** .. code-block:: ruby describe passwd.uid(0) do its('username') { should eq 'root' } its('count') { should eq 1 } end describe passwd.uid(33) do its('username') { should eq 'www-data' } its('count') { should eq 1 } end pip ===================================================== Use the ``pip`` |inspec resource| to test packages that are installed using the |pip| installer. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``pip`` |inspec resource| block declares a package and (optionally) a package version: .. code-block:: ruby describe pip('Jinja2') do it { should be_installed } end where * ``'Jinja2'`` is the name of the package * ``be_installed`` tests to see if the ``Jinja2`` package is installed Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_installed +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_installed`` matcher tests if the named package is installed on the system: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_installed } version +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``version`` matcher tests if the named package version is on the system: .. code-block:: ruby its('version') { should eq '1.2.3' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if Jinja2 is installed on the system** .. code-block:: ruby describe pip('Jinja2') do it { should be_installed } end **Test if Jinja2 2.8 is installed on the system** .. code-block:: ruby describe pip('Jinja2') do it { should be_installed } its('version') { should eq '2.8' } end port ===================================================== Use the ``port`` |inspec resource| to test basic port properties, such as port, process, if it's listening. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``port`` |inspec resource| block declares a port, and then depending on what needs to be tested, a process, protocol, process identifier, and its state (is it listening?): .. code-block:: ruby describe port(514) do it { should be_listening } its('process') {should eq 'syslog'} end where the ``process`` returns the process listening on port 514. Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_listening +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_listening`` matcher tests if the port is listening for traffic: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_listening } pid +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``pid`` matcher tests the process identifier (PID): .. code-block:: ruby its('pid') { should eq '27808' } process +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``process`` matcher tests if the named process is running on the system: .. code-block:: ruby its('process') { should eq 'syslog' } protocol +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``protocol`` matcher tests the Internet protocol: |icmp| (``'icmp'``), |tcp| (``'tcp'`` or ``'tcp6'``), or |udp| (``'udp'`` or ``'udp6'``): .. code-block:: ruby its('protocol') { should eq 'tcp' } or for the |ipv6| protocol: .. code-block:: ruby its('protocol') { should eq 'tcp6' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test port 80, listening with the TCP protocol** .. code-block:: ruby describe port(80) do it { should be_listening } its('protocol') {should eq 'tcp'} end **Test port 80, listening with TCP version IPv6 protocol** .. code-block:: ruby describe port(80) do it { should be_listening } its('protocol') {should eq 'tcp6'} end **Test ports for HTTPs** .. code-block:: ruby describe port(80) do it { should_not be_listening } end describe port(443) do it { should be_listening } its('protocol') {should eq 'tcp'} end postgres_conf ===================================================== Use the ``postgres_conf`` |inspec resource| to test the contents of the configuration file for |postgresql|, typically located at ``/etc/postgresql//main/postgresql.conf`` or ``/var/lib/postgres/data/postgresql.conf``, depending on the platform. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``postgres_conf`` |inspec resource| block declares one (or more) settings in the ``postgresql.conf`` file, and then compares the setting in the configuration file to the value stated in the test: .. code-block:: ruby describe postgres_conf('path') do its('setting') { should eq 'value' } end where * ``'setting'`` specifies a setting in the ``postgresql.conf`` file * ``('path')`` is the non-default path to the ``postgresql.conf`` file (optional) * ``should eq 'value'`` is the value that is expected Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. setting +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``setting`` matcher tests specific, named settings in the ``postgresql.conf`` file: .. code-block:: ruby its('setting') { should eq 'value' } Use a ``setting`` matcher for each setting to be tested. Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the maximum number of allowed client connections** .. code-block:: ruby describe postgres_conf do its('max_connections') { should eq '5' } end **Test system logging** .. code-block:: ruby describe postgres_conf do its('logging_collector') { should eq 'on' } its('log_connections') { should eq 'on' } its('log_disconnections') { should eq 'on' } its('log_duration') { should eq 'on' } its('log_hostname') { should eq 'on' } its('log_line_prefix') { should eq '%t %u %d %h' } end **Test the port on which PostgreSQL listens** .. code-block:: ruby describe postgres_conf do its('port') { should eq '5432' } end **Test the Unix socket settings** .. code-block:: ruby describe postgres_conf do its('unix_socket_directories') { should eq '.s.PGSQL.5432' } its('unix_socket_group') { should eq nil } its('unix_socket_permissions') { should eq '0770' } end where ``unix_socket_group`` is set to the |postgresql| default setting (the group to which the server user belongs). postgres_session ===================================================== Use the ``postgres_session`` |inspec resource| to test SQL commands run against a |postgresql| database. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``postgres_session`` |inspec resource| block declares the username and password to use for the session, and then the command to be run: .. code-block:: ruby sql = postgres_session('username', 'password') describe sql.query('SELECT * FROM pg_shadow WHERE passwd IS NULL;') do its('output') { should eq('') } end where * ``sql = postgres_session`` declares a username and password with permission to run the query * ``sql.query('')`` contains the query to be run * ``its('output') { should eq('') }`` compares the results of the query against the expected result in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. output +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``output`` matcher tests the results of the query: .. code-block:: ruby its('output') { should eq(/^0/) } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the PostgreSQL shadow password** .. code-block:: ruby sql = postgres_session('my_user', 'password') describe sql.query('SELECT * FROM pg_shadow WHERE passwd IS NULL;') do its('output') { should eq('') } end **Test for risky database entries** .. code-block:: ruby describe postgres_session('my_user', 'password').query('SELECT count (*) FROM pg_language WHERE lanpltrusted = 'f' AND lanname!='internal' AND lanname!='c';') do its('output') { should eq(/^0/) } end processes ===================================================== Use the ``processes`` |inspec resource| to test properties for programs that are running on the system. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``processes`` |inspec resource| block declares the name of the process to be tested, and then declares one (or more) property/value pairs: .. code-block:: ruby describe processes('process_name') do its('property_name') { should eq 'property_value' } end where * ``processes('process_name')`` must specify the name of a process that is running on the system * Multiple properties may be tested; for each property to be tested, use an ``its('property_name')`` statement Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. property_name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``property_name`` matcher tests the named property for the specified value: .. code-block:: ruby its('property_name') { should eq 'property_value' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test for multiple instances of Nginx** .. code-block:: ruby describe processes('postgres') do its('list.length') { should be(1) } end **Test for multiple instances of mysqld** .. code-block:: ruby describe processes('mysqld') do its('list.length') { should eq 1 } end **Test if the init process is owned by the root user** .. code-block:: ruby describe processes('init') do its('user') { should eq 'root' } end **Test if a high-priority process is running** .. code-block:: ruby describe processes('some_process') do its('state') { should eq 'R<' } end registry_key ===================================================== Use the ``registry_key`` |inspec resource| to test key values in the |windows| registry. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``registry_key`` |inspec resource| block declares the item in the |windows| registry, the path to a setting under that item, and then one (or more) name/value pairs to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe registry_key('registry_item', 'path\to\key') do its('name') { should eq 'value' } end describe registry_key('path\to\key') do its('name') { should eq 'value' } end where * ``'registry_item'`` is a key in the |windows| registry (optional) * ``'path\to\key'`` is the path in the |windows| registry * ``('name')`` and ``'value'`` represent the name of the key and the value assigned to that key Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``name`` matcher tests the value for the specified registry setting: .. code-block:: ruby its('name') { should eq 'value' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the start time for the Schedule service** .. code-block:: ruby describe registry_key('Task Scheduler','HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\...\Schedule') do its('Start') { should eq 2 } end where ``'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\Schedule'`` is the full path to the setting. script ===================================================== Use the ``script`` |inspec resource| to test a |powershell| script on the |windows| platform. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``script`` |inspec resource| block declares a script to be tested, and then a command that should be part of that script: .. code-block:: ruby script = <<-EOH # you powershell script EOH describe script(script) do its('matcher') { should eq 'output' } end where * ``'script'`` must specify a Powershell script to be run * ``'matcher'`` is one of ``exit_status``, ``stderr``, or ``stdout`` * ``'output'`` tests the output of the command run on the system versus the output value stated in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. exit_status +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exit_status`` matcher tests the exit status for the command: .. code-block:: ruby its('exit_status') { should eq 123 } stderr +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``stderr`` matcher tests results of the command as returned in standard error (stderr): .. code-block:: ruby its('stderr') { should eq 'error' } stdout +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``stdout`` matcher tests results of the command as returned in standard output (stdout): .. code-block:: ruby its('stdout') { should eq '/^1$/' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Get all groups of Administrator user** .. code-block:: ruby myscript = <<-EOH # find user $user = Get-WmiObject Win32_UserAccount -filter "Name = 'Administrator'" # get related groups $groups = $user.GetRelated('Win32_Group') | Select-Object -Property Caption, Domain, Name, LocalAccount, SID, SIDType, Status $groups | ConvertTo-Json EOH describe script(myscript) do its('stdout') { should_not eq '' } end security_policy ===================================================== Use the ``security_policy`` |inspec resource| to test security policies on the |windows| platform. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``security_policy`` |inspec resource| block declares the name of a security policy and the value to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe security_policy do its('policy_name') { should eq 'value' } end where * ``'policy_name'`` must specify a security policy * ``{ should eq 'value' }`` tests the value of ``policy_name`` against the value declared in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. policy_name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``policy_name`` matcher must be the name of a security policy: .. code-block:: ruby its('SeNetworkLogonRight') { should eq '*S-1-5-11' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Verify that only the Administrators group has remote access** .. code-block:: ruby describe security_policy do its('SeRemoteInteractiveLogonRight') { should eq '*S-1-5-32-544' } end service ===================================================== Use the ``service`` |inspec resource| to test if the named service is installed, running and/or enabled. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``service`` |inspec resource| block declares the name of a service and then one (or more) matchers to test the state of the service: .. code-block:: ruby describe service('service_name') do it { should be_installed } it { should be_enabled } it { should be_running } end where * ``('service_name')`` must specify a service name * ``be_installed``, ``be_enabled``, and ``be_running`` are valid matchers for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_enabled +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_enabled`` matcher tests if the named service is enabled: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_enabled } be_installed +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_installed`` matcher tests if the named service is installed: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_installed } be_running +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_running`` matcher tests if the named service is running: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_running } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if the postgresql service is both running and enabled** .. code-block:: ruby describe service('postgresql') do it { should be_enabled } it { should be_running } end **Test if the mysql service is both running and enabled** .. code-block:: ruby describe service('mysqld') do it { should be_enabled } it { should be_running } end **Test if ClamAV (an antivirus engine) is installed and running** .. code-block:: ruby describe package('clamav') do it { should be_installed } its('version') { should eq '0.98.7' } end describe service('clamd') do it { should_not be_enabled } it { should_not be_installed } it { should_not be_running } end ssh_config ===================================================== Use the ``ssh_config`` |inspec resource| to test |openssh| |ssh| client configuration data located at ``/etc/ssh/ssh_config`` on |linux| and |unix| platforms. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``ssh_config`` |inspec resource| block declares the client |openssh| configuration data to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe ssh_config('path') do its('name') { should include('foo') } end where * ``name`` is a configuration setting in ``ssh_config`` * ``('path')`` is the non-default ``/path/to/ssh_config`` * ``{ should include('foo') }`` tests the value of ``name`` as read from ``ssh_config`` versus the value declared in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``name`` matcher tests the value of ``name`` as read from ``ssh_config`` versus the value declared in the test: .. code-block:: ruby its('name') { should eq 'foo' } or: .. code-block:: ruby its('name') { should include('bar') } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test SSH configuration settings** .. code-block:: ruby describe ssh_config do its('cipher') { should contain '3des' } its('port') { should '22' } its('hostname') { should include('example.com') } end **Test which variables from the local environment are sent to the server** .. code-block:: ruby only_if do command('sshd').exist? or command('ssh').exists? end describe ssh_config do its('SendEnv') { should include('GORDON_CLIENT') } end **Test owner and group permissions** .. code-block:: ruby describe ssh_config do its('owner') { should eq 'root' } its('mode') { should eq 644 } end **Test SSH configuration** .. code-block:: ruby describe ssh_config do its('Host') { should eq '*' } its('Tunnel') { should eq nil } its('SendEnv') { should eq 'LANG LC_*' } its('HashKnownHosts') { should eq 'yes' } end sshd_config ===================================================== Use the ``sshd_config`` |inspec resource| to test configuration data for the |openssh| daemon located at ``etc/ssh/sshd_config`` on |linux| and |unix| platforms. sshd---the |openssh| daemon---listens on dedicated ports, starts a daemon for each incoming connection, and then handles encryption, authentication, key exchanges, command executation, and data exchanges. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``sshd_config`` |inspec resource| block declares the client |openssh| configuration data to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe sshd_config('path') do its('name') { should include('foo') } end where * ``name`` is a configuration setting in ``sshd_config`` * ``('path')`` is the non-default ``/path/to/sshd_config`` * ``{ should include('foo') }`` tests the value of ``name`` as read from ``sshd_config`` versus the value declared in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``name`` matcher tests the value of ``name`` as read from ``sshd_config`` versus the value declared in the test: .. code-block:: ruby its('name') { should eq 'foo' } or: .. code-block:: ruby it's('name') {should include('bar') } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test which variables may be sent to the server** .. code-block:: ruby return unless command('sshd').exist? describe sshd_config do its('AcceptEnv') { should include('GORDON_SERVER') } end **Test for IPv6-only addresses** .. code-block:: ruby return unless command('sshd').exist? describe sshd_config do its('AddressFamily') { should eq 'inet6' } end **Test protocols** .. code-block:: ruby describe sshd_config do its('Protocol') { should eq '2' } end **Test ports for SSL, then verify ciphers** .. code-block:: ruby describe port(80) do it { should_not be_listening } end describe port(443) do it { should be_listening } its('protocol') {should eq 'tcp'} end describe sshd_config do its('Ciphers') { should eq('chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr') } end **Test SSH protocols** .. code-block:: ruby describe sshd_config do its('Port') { should eq '22' } its('UsePAM') { should eq 'yes' } its('ListenAddress') { should eq nil } its('HostKey') { should eq [ '/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key', '/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key', '/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key', ] } end user ===================================================== Use the ``user`` |inspec resource| to test user profiles, including the groups to which they belong, the frequency of required password changes, the directory paths to home and shell. **Stability: Stable** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``user`` |inspec resource| block declares a user name, and then one (or more) matchers: .. code-block:: ruby describe user('root') do it { should exist } its('uid') { should eq 1234 } its('gid') { should eq 1234 } its('group') { should eq 'root' } its('groups') { should eq ['root', 'other']} its('home') { should eq '/root' } its('shell') { should eq '/bin/bash' } its('mindays') { should eq 0 } its('maxdays') { should eq 90 } its('warndays') { should eq 8 } end where * ``('root')`` is the user to be tested * ``it { should exist }`` tests if the user exists * ``gid``, ``group``, ``groups``, ``home``, ``maxdays``, ``mindays``, ``shell``, ``uid``, and ``warndays`` are valid matchers for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. exist +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exist`` matcher tests if the named user exists: .. code-block:: ruby it { should exist } gid +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``gid`` matcher tests the group identifier: .. code-block:: ruby its('gid') { should eq 1234 } } where ``1234`` represents the user identifier. group +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``group`` matcher tests the group to which the user belongs: .. code-block:: ruby its('group') { should eq 'root' } where ``root`` represents the group. groups +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``groups`` matcher tests two (or more) groups to which the user belongs: .. code-block:: ruby its('groups') { should eq ['root', 'other']} home +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``home`` matcher tests the home directory path for the user: .. code-block:: ruby its('home') { should eq '/root' } maxdays +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``maxdays`` matcher tests the maximum number of days between password changes: .. code-block:: ruby its('maxdays') { should eq 99 } where ``99`` represents the maximum number of days. mindays +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``mindays`` matcher tests the minimum number of days between password changes: .. code-block:: ruby its('mindays') { should eq 0 } where ``0`` represents the maximum number of days. shell +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``shell`` matcher tests the path to the default shell for the user: .. code-block:: ruby its('shell') { should eq '/bin/bash' } uid +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``uid`` matcher tests the user identifier: .. code-block:: ruby its('uid') { should eq 1234 } } where ``1234`` represents the user identifier. warndays +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``warndays`` matcher tests the number of days a user is warned before a password must be changed: .. code-block:: ruby its('warndays') { should eq 5 } where ``5`` represents the number of days a user is warned. Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Verify available users for the MySQL server** .. code-block:: ruby describe user('root') do it { should exist } it { should belong_to_group 'root' } its('uid') { should eq 0 } its('groups') { should eq ['root'] } end describe user('mysql') do it { should_not exist } end **Test users on multiple platforms** The |nginx| user is typically ``www-data``, but on |centos| it's ``nginx``. The following example shows how to test for the |nginx| user with a single test, but accounting for all platforms: .. code-block:: ruby web_user = 'www-data' web_user = 'nginx' if os[:family] == 'centos' describe user(web_user) do it { should exist } end windows_feature ===================================================== Use the ``windows_feature`` |inspec resource| to test features on |windows|. The ``Get-WindowsFeature`` cmdlet returns the following values: ``Property Name``, ``DisplayName``, ``Description``, ``Installed``, and ``InstallState``, returned as a |json| object similar to: **Stability: Experimental** .. code-block:: javascript { "Name": "XPS-Viewer", "DisplayName": "XPS Viewer", "Description": "The XPS Viewer reads, sets permissions, and digitally signs XPS documents.", "Installed": false, "InstallState": 0 } Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``windows_feature`` |inspec resource| block declares the name of the |windows| feature, tests if that feature is installed, and then returns information about that feature: .. code-block:: ruby describe windows_feature('feature_name') do it { should be_installed } end where * ``('feature_name')`` must specify a |windows| feature name, such as ``DHCP Server`` or ``IIS-Webserver`` * ``be_installed`` is a valid matcher for this |inspec resource| Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_installed +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_installed`` matcher tests if the named |windows| feature is installed: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_installed } If the feature is installed, the ``Get-WindowsFeature`` cmdlet is run and the name, display name, description, and install state is returned as a |json| object. Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test the DHCP Server feature** .. code-block:: ruby describe windows_feature('DHCP Server') do it{ should be_installed } end yaml ===================================================== Use the ``yaml`` |inspec resource| to test configuration data in a |yaml| file. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``yaml`` |inspec resource| block declares the configuration data to be tested: .. code-block:: ruby describe yaml do its('name') { should eq 'foo' } end where * ``name`` is a configuration setting in a |yaml| file * ``should eq 'foo'`` tests a value of ``name`` as read from a |yaml| file versus the value declared in the test Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. name +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``name`` matcher tests the value of ``name`` as read from a |yaml| file versus the value declared in the test: .. code-block:: ruby its('name') { should eq 'foo' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test a kitchen.yml file driver** .. code-block:: ruby describe yaml('.kitchen.yaml') do its('driver.name') { should eq('vagrant') } end yum ===================================================== Use the ``yum`` |inspec resource| to test packages in the |yum| repository. **Stability: Experimental** Syntax ----------------------------------------------------- A ``yum`` |inspec resource| block declares a package repo, tests if the package repository is present, and if it that package repository is a valid package source (i.e. "is enabled"): .. code-block:: ruby describe yum.repo('name') do it { should exist } it { should be_enabled } end where * ``repo('name')`` is the (optional) name of a package repo, using either a full identifier (``'updates/7/x86_64'``) or a short identifier (``'updates'``) Matchers ----------------------------------------------------- This InSpec audit resource has the following matchers. be_enabled +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``be_enabled`` matcher tests if the package repository is a valid package source: .. code-block:: ruby it { should be_enabled } exist +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``exist`` matcher tests if the package repository exists: .. code-block:: ruby it { should exist } repo('name') +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``repo('name')`` matcher names a specific package repository: .. code-block:: ruby describe yum.repo('epel') do ... end repos +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The ``repos`` matcher tests if a named repo, using either a full identifier (``'updates/7/x86_64'``) or a short identifier (``'updates'``), is included in the |yum| repo: .. code-block:: ruby its('repos') { should include 'some_repo' } Examples ----------------------------------------------------- The following examples show how to use this InSpec audit resource. **Test if the yum repo exists** .. code-block:: ruby describe yum do its('repos') { should exist } end **Test if the 'base/7/x86_64' repo exists and is enabled** .. code-block:: ruby describe yum do its('repos') { should include 'base/7/x86_64' } its('epel') { should exist } its('epel') { should be_enabled } end **Test if a specific yum repo exists** .. code-block:: ruby describe yum.repo('epel') do it { should exist } it { should be_enabled } end .. |inspec resource| replace:: InSpec audit resource .. |apt| replace:: Apt .. |apache| replace:: Apache .. |archlinux| replace:: Arch Linux .. |debian| replace:: Debian .. |fedora| replace:: Fedora .. |redhat enterprise linux| replace:: Red Hat Enterprise Linux .. |centos| replace:: CentOS .. |redhat| replace:: Red Hat .. |ubuntu| replace:: Ubuntu .. |windows| replace:: Microsoft Windows .. |unix| replace:: UNIX .. |linux| replace:: Linux .. |ppa| replace:: PPA .. |json| replace:: JSON .. |csv| replace:: CSV .. |postgresql| replace:: PostgreSQL .. |md5| replace:: MD5 .. |sha256| replace:: SHA-256 .. |selinux| replace:: SELinux .. |gem| replace:: gem .. |icmp| replace:: ICMP .. |tcp| replace:: TCP .. |udp| replace:: UDP .. |inetd| replace:: inetd .. |mysql| replace:: MySQL .. |npm| replace:: npm .. |bower| replace:: bower .. |statsd| replace:: StatsD .. |oneget| replace:: OneGet .. |ruby| replace:: Ruby .. |pip| replace:: pip .. |ipv4| replace:: Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) .. |ipv6| replace:: Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) .. |powershell| replace:: Windows PowerShell .. |openssh| replace:: Open SSH .. |ssh| replace:: SSH .. |nginx| replace:: Nginx .. |yaml| replace:: YAML .. |yum| replace:: Yum