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InSpec and friends
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RSpec
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RSpec is an awesome framework that is widely used to test Ruby code. It enables test-driven development (TDD) and helps developers to write better code every day.

InSpec is built on top of RSpec and uses it as the underlying foundation to execute tests. It uses the key strengths of RSpec, easily execute tests and a DSL to write tests, but extends the functionality for use as compliance audits. InSpec ships with custom audit resources that make it easy to write audit checks and with the ability to run those checks on remote servers. These audit resources provided know the differences between operating systems and help you abstract from the local operating system, similar to other resources you might use in your Chef recipes.

A complete InSpec rule looks like:

.. code-block:: ruby

  control "sshd-11" do
    impact 1.0
    title "Server: Set protocol version to SSHv2"
    desc "
      Set the SSH protocol version to 2. Don't use legacy
      insecure SSHv1 connections anymore.
    "
    describe sshd_config do
      its('Protocol') { should eq('2') }
    end
  end



Serverspec
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Serverspec can be credited as the first extension of RSpec that enabled users to run RSpec tests on servers to verify deployed artifacts. It was created in March 2013 by Gosuke Miyashita and has been widely adopted. It is also one of the core test frameworks within test-kitchen and has been widely used within the Chef ecosystem.  InSpec takes lessons learned implementing and using Serverspec and builds on them to make auditing and compliance easier.

Lessons learned from Serverspec include:

* IT, compliance, and security professional require metadata beyond what Serverspec offers, such as criticality, to fully describe controls.

* Setting up and running the same tests across multiple machines must be easy.

* It must be easy to locate, debug, and extend operating system-dependent code.

* It must be easy to extend the language and create custom resources.

* It must run multiple tests simultaneously.

* Support for Windows is a first-class requirement.

* A command line interface (CLI) is required for faster iteration of test code.


How is InSpec different than Serverspec
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One of the key differences is that InSpec targets more user groups. It is optimized for DevOps, Security, and Compliance professionals. Additional metadata, such as impact, title, and description, make it easier to fully describe the controls which makes it easier to share the controls with other departments. This enables Security departments to prioritize rules. DevOps teams use this information to focus on the most critical issues to remediate.

.. code-block:: ruby

  control "sshd-11" do
    impact 1.0
    title "Server: Set protocol version to SSHv2"
    desc "
      Set the SSH protocol version to 2. Don't use legacy
      insecure SSHv1 connections anymore.
    "
    describe sshd_config do
      its('Protocol') { should cmp 2 }
    end
  end

**Why not fork Serverspec?**

InSpec started as an extension of Serverspec. As the extension grew, it became clear that a new library was required.  Creating and maintaining a fork was not practical so a new project was born.

**Will InSpec only work on machines managed by Chef?**

No, InSpec can be used on any machine.  It doesn’t matter if that machine was configured by Chef or configured lovingly by the hands of your local System Administrator.

**Is InSpec a replacement of Serverspec?**

InSpec is intended to be a drop-in replacement of Serverspec. Popular Serverspec resources have been ported to InSpec. It changed some behaviour as documented in our migration guide.