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| harvesting-tickets-from-linux.md | ||
| harvesting-tickets-from-windows.md | ||
| README.md | ||
88tcp/udp - Pentesting Kerberos
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Basic Information
Kerberos operates on a principle where it authenticates users without directly managing their access to resources. This is an important distinction because it underlines the protocol's role in security frameworks.
In environments like Active Directory, Kerberos is instrumental in establishing the identity of users by validating their secret passwords. This process ensures that each user's identity is confirmed before they interact with network resources. However, Kerberos does not extend its functionality to evaluate or enforce the permissions a user has over specific resources or services. Instead, it provides a secure way of authenticating users, which is a critical first step in the security process.
After authentication by Kerberos, the decision-making process regarding access to resources is delegated to individual services within the network. These services are then responsible for evaluating the authenticated user's rights and permissions, based on the information provided by Kerberos about the user's privileges. This design allows for a separation of concerns between authenticating the identity of users and managing their access rights, enabling a more flexible and secure approach to resource management in distributed networks.
Default Port: 88/tcp/udp
PORT STATE SERVICE
88/tcp open kerberos-sec
To learn how to abuse Kerberos you should read the post about Active Directory.
More
Shodan
port:88 kerberos
MS14-068
The MS14-068 flaw permits an attacker to tamper with a legitimate user's Kerberos login token to falsely claim elevated privileges, such as being a Domain Admin. This counterfeit claim is mistakenly validated by the Domain Controller, enabling unauthorized access to network resources across the Active Directory forest.
{% embed url="https://adsecurity.org/?p=541" %}
Other exploits: https://github.com/SecWiki/windows-kernel-exploits/tree/master/MS14-068/pykek
HackTricks Automatic Commands
Protocol_Name: Kerberos #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number: 88 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: AD Domain Authentication #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for Kerberos
Note: |
Kerberos operates on a principle where it authenticates users without directly managing their access to resources. This is an important distinction because it underlines the protocol's role in security frameworks.
In environments like **Active Directory**, Kerberos is instrumental in establishing the identity of users by validating their secret passwords. This process ensures that each user's identity is confirmed before they interact with network resources. However, Kerberos does not extend its functionality to evaluate or enforce the permissions a user has over specific resources or services. Instead, it provides a secure way of authenticating users, which is a critical first step in the security process.
https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-kerberos-88
Entry_2:
Name: Pre-Creds
Description: Brute Force to get Usernames
Command: nmap -p 88 --script=krb5-enum-users --script-args krb5-enum-users.realm="{Domain_Name}",userdb={Big_Userlist} {IP}
Entry_3:
Name: With Usernames
Description: Brute Force with Usernames and Passwords
Note: consider git clone https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute.git ./kerbrute -h
Entry_4:
Name: With Creds
Description: Attempt to get a list of user service principal names
Command: GetUserSPNs.py -request -dc-ip {IP} active.htb/svc_tgs
Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!
Other ways to support HackTricks:
- If you want to see your company advertised in HackTricks or download HackTricks in PDF Check the SUBSCRIPTION PLANS!
- Get the official PEASS & HackTricks swag
- Discover The PEASS Family, our collection of exclusive NFTs
- Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @carlospolopm.
- Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.