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Translator c74a946c94 Translated ['backdoors/salseo.md', 'macos-hardening/macos-security-and-p		2023-06-13 10:42:48 +00:00
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macos-sandbox-debug-and-bypass.md	Translated ['README.md', 'macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-e	2023-06-08 17:55:49 +00:00
README.md	Translated ['macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/mac	2023-06-11 01:20:28 +00:00

README.md

Bac à sable macOS

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Informations de base

Le bac à sable macOS (initialement appelé Seatbelt) limite les applications s'exécutant à l'intérieur du bac à sable aux actions autorisées spécifiées dans le profil Sandbox avec lequel l'application s'exécute. Cela aide à garantir que l'application n'accédera qu'aux ressources attendues.

Toute application avec l'autorisation com.apple.security.app-sandbox sera exécutée à l'intérieur du bac à sable. Les binaires Apple sont généralement exécutés à l'intérieur d'un bac à sable et pour publier dans l'App Store, cette autorisation est obligatoire. Donc, la plupart des applications seront exécutées à l'intérieur du bac à sable.

Pour contrôler ce qu'un processus peut ou ne peut pas faire, le bac à sable a des hooks dans tous les appels système à travers le noyau. Selon les autorisations de l'application, le bac à sable autorise certaines actions.

Certains composants importants du bac à sable sont :

L'extension de noyau /System/Library/Extensions/Sandbox.kext
Le framework privé /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AppSandbox.framework
Un démon s'exécutant dans l'espace utilisateur /usr/libexec/sandboxd
Les conteneurs ~/Library/Containers

À l'intérieur du dossier des conteneurs, vous pouvez trouver un dossier pour chaque application exécutée dans un bac à sable avec le nom de l'ID de bundle :

ls -l ~/Library/Containers
total 0
drwx------@ 4 username  staff  128 May 23 20:20 com.apple.AMPArtworkAgent
drwx------@ 4 username  staff  128 May 23 20:13 com.apple.AMPDeviceDiscoveryAgent
drwx------@ 4 username  staff  128 Mar 24 18:03 com.apple.AVConference.Diagnostic
drwx------@ 4 username  staff  128 Mar 25 14:14 com.apple.Accessibility-Settings.extension
drwx------@ 4 username  staff  128 Mar 25 14:10 com.apple.ActionKit.BundledIntentHandler
[...]

À l'intérieur de chaque dossier d'identifiant de bundle, vous pouvez trouver le fichier plist et le répertoire Data de l'application :

cd /Users/username/Library/Containers/com.apple.Safari
ls -la
total 104
drwx------@   4 username  staff    128 Mar 24 18:08 .
drwx------  348 username  staff  11136 May 23 20:57 ..
-rw-r--r--    1 username  staff  50214 Mar 24 18:08 .com.apple.containermanagerd.metadata.plist
drwx------   13 username  staff    416 Mar 24 18:05 Data

ls -l Data
total 0
drwxr-xr-x@  8 username  staff   256 Mar 24 18:08 CloudKit
lrwxr-xr-x   1 username  staff    19 Mar 24 18:02 Desktop -> ../../../../Desktop
drwx------   2 username  staff    64 Mar 24 18:02 Documents
lrwxr-xr-x   1 username  staff    21 Mar 24 18:02 Downloads -> ../../../../Downloads
drwx------  35 username  staff  1120 Mar 24 18:08 Library
lrwxr-xr-x   1 username  staff    18 Mar 24 18:02 Movies -> ../../../../Movies
lrwxr-xr-x   1 username  staff    17 Mar 24 18:02 Music -> ../../../../Music
lrwxr-xr-x   1 username  staff    20 Mar 24 18:02 Pictures -> ../../../../Pictures
drwx------   2 username  staff    64 Mar 24 18:02 SystemData
drwx------   2 username  staff    64 Mar 24 18:02 tmp

{% hint style="danger" %} Notez que même si les liens symboliques sont là pour "s'échapper" du Sandbox et accéder à d'autres dossiers, l'application doit toujours avoir les autorisations pour y accéder. Ces autorisations sont à l'intérieur du fichier .plist. {% endhint %}

# Get permissions
plutil -convert xml1 .com.apple.containermanagerd.metadata.plist -o -

# In this file you can find the entitlements:
<key>Entitlements</key>
	<dict>
		<key>com.apple.MobileAsset.PhishingImageClassifier2</key>
		<true/>
		<key>com.apple.accounts.appleaccount.fullaccess</key>
		<true/>
		<key>com.apple.appattest.spi</key>
		<true/>
[...]

# Some parameters
<key>Parameters</key>
	<dict>
		<key>_HOME</key>
		<string>/Users/username</string>
		<key>_UID</key>
		<string>501</string>
		<key>_USER</key>
		<string>username</string>
[...]

# The paths it can access
<key>RedirectablePaths</key>
	<array>
		<string>/Users/username/Downloads</string>
		<string>/Users/username/Documents</string>
		<string>/Users/username/Library/Calendars</string>
		<string>/Users/username/Desktop</string>
[...]

Profils Sandbox

Les profils Sandbox sont des fichiers de configuration qui indiquent ce qui est autorisé/interdit dans cette Sandbox. Il utilise le langage de profil Sandbox (SBPL), qui utilise le langage de programmation Scheme.

Voici un exemple:

(version 1) ; First you get the version

(deny default) ; Then you shuold indicate the default action when no rule applies

(allow network*) ; You can use wildcards and allow everything

(allow file-read* ; You can specify where to apply the rule
    (subpath "/Users/username/")
    (literal "/tmp/afile")
    (regex #"^/private/etc/.*")
)

(allow mach-lookup
    (global-name "com.apple.analyticsd")
)

{% hint style="success" %} Consultez cette recherche pour vérifier d'autres actions qui pourraient être autorisées ou refusées. {% endhint %}

Des services système importants s'exécutent également dans leur propre bac à sable personnalisé tels que le service mdnsresponder. Vous pouvez voir ces profils de bac à sable personnalisés dans:

/usr/share/sandbox
/System/Library/Sandbox/Profiles
D'autres profils de bac à sable peuvent être consultés sur https://github.com/s7ephen/OSX-Sandbox--Seatbelt--Profiles.

Les applications App Store utilisent le profil /System/Library/Sandbox/Profiles/application.sb. Vous pouvez vérifier dans ce profil comment les autorisations telles que com.apple.security.network.server permettent à un processus d'utiliser le réseau.

SIP est un profil de bac à sable appelé platform_profile dans /System/Library/Sandbox/rootless.conf

Exemples de profils de bac à sable

Pour démarrer une application avec un profil de bac à sable spécifique, vous pouvez utiliser:

sandbox-exec -f example.sb /Path/To/The/Application

{% code title="touch.sb" %}

Sandbox for the touch command

(version 1)

(deny default)

(allow file-write-data file-write* (regex #"^/private/var/tmp/.*"))

(allow file-read-data file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/locale/.") (regex #"^/private/var/tmp/.") (regex #"^/usr/share/icu/.") (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/.") (regex #"^/etc/localtime$") (regex #"^/usr/share/terminfo/.") (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/."))

(allow process-exec (regex #"^/usr/bin/touch$"))

(allow sysctl-read)

(allow signal (target self))

(allow network*)

(allow mach*) {% endcode %} {% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

{% tabs %} {% tab title="ls" %} {% code title="ls.sb" %}

Sandbox for the ls command

(version 1)

(deny default)

(allow file-read-data file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/locale/.") (regex #"^/usr/share/terminfo/.") (regex #"^/usr/share/icu/.") (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/.") (regex #"^/etc/localtime$") (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/.*"))

(allow process-exec (regex #"^/bin/ls$"))

(allow sysctl-read)

(allow signal (target self))

(allow network*)

(allow mach*) {% endcode %} {% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Les fichiers ci-dessus sont des exemples de fichiers de configuration de bac à sable pour les commandes touch et ls sur macOS. Les fichiers de configuration de bac à sable sont utilisés pour définir les autorisations pour les processus qui s'exécutent dans un environnement de bac à sable. Les autorisations sont définies en utilisant des règles qui spécifient les actions autorisées ou interdites pour les processus. Les règles sont basées sur des expressions régulières qui spécifient les chemins d'accès aux fichiers et aux ressources système. Les fichiers de configuration de bac à sable sont utilisés pour renforcer la sécurité du système en limitant les actions que les processus peuvent effectuer.

(version 1)
(deny default)
(allow file* (literal "/tmp/hacktricks.txt"))

{% endcode %}

# This will fail because default is denied, so it cannot execute touch
sandbox-exec -f touch.sb touch /tmp/hacktricks.txt
# Check logs
log show --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage contains[c] "sandbox"' --last 30s
[...]
2023-05-26 13:42:44.136082+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: sandbox-exec(41398) deny(1) process-exec* /usr/bin/touch
2023-05-26 13:42:44.136100+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: sandbox-exec(41398) deny(1) file-read-metadata /usr/bin/touch
2023-05-26 13:42:44.136321+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: sandbox-exec(41398) deny(1) file-read-metadata /var
2023-05-26 13:42:52.701382+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) 5 duplicate reports for Sandbox: sandbox-exec(41398) deny(1) file-read-metadata /var
[...]

{% code title="touch2.sb" %}

(version 1)
(deny default)
(allow file* (literal "/tmp/hacktricks.txt"))
(allow process* (literal "/usr/bin/touch"))
; This will also fail because:
; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840002+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-metadata /usr/bin/touch
; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840016+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-data /usr/bin/touch
; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840028+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-data /usr/bin
; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840034+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-metadata /usr/lib/dyld
; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840050+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) sysctl-read kern.bootargs
; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840061+0200  localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-data /

{% endcode %}

{% code title="touch3.sb" %}

Sandbox profile for touch3

(version 1)

Allow reading and writing to the user's Downloads folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Users//Downloads"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's Documents folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Users//Documents"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's Desktop folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Users//Desktop"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's Pictures folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Users//Pictures"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's Music folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Users//Music"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's Movies folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Users//Movies"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's Public folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Users//Public"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's Sites folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Users//Sites"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's Applications folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Applications"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's Library folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/Library"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's System folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/System"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/tmp folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/tmp"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/tmp folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/tmp"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/folders folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/folders"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/spool folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/spool"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/at folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/at"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/cron folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/cron"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/lib folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/lib"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/log folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/log"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/spool/cron folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/spool/cron"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/spool/cups folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/spool/cups"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/spool/fax folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/spool/fax"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/spool/lpd folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/spool/lpd"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/spool/mqueue folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/spool/mqueue"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/spool/samba folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/spool/samba"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/spool/uucp folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/spool/uucp"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/tmp folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/tmp"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/audit folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/audit"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/launchd.db folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/launchd.db"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/mds folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/mds"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/uuidtext folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/uuidtext"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/dhcpclient folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/dhcpclient"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/displaypolicy folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/displaypolicy"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/dslocal folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/dslocal"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/fseventsd folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/fseventsd"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/locationd folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/locationd"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/racoon folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/racoon"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/RemoteManagement folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/RemoteManagement"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/SystemPolicy folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/SystemPolicy"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/timed folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/timed"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/TimeZone folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/TimeZone"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/uuidtext folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/uuidtext"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/wifi folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/wifi"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/ConfigurationProfiles folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/ConfigurationProfiles"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/PowerLog folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/PowerLog"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SC folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SC"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-strict folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-strict"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-strict folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-strict"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-efi folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-efi"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-efi-internal folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-efi-internal"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-efi folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-efi"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-efi-internal folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-efi-internal"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-internal folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-internal"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-internal-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-internal-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-mp-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-xpc-strict-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-strict folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-strict"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-efi folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-efi"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-efi-internal folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-efi-internal"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-efi-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-internal-protected"))

Allow reading and writing to the user's private/var/db/lockdown-SP-UIAgent-xpc-strict-mp-protected folder

(allow file-read* file-write* (subpath "/

(version 1)
(deny default)
(allow file* (literal "/private/tmp/hacktricks.txt"))
(allow process* (literal "/usr/bin/touch"))
(allow file-read-data (literal "/"))
; This one will work

{% endcode %} {% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

{% hint style="info" %} Notez que le logiciel développé par Apple qui s'exécute sur Windows n'a pas de précautions de sécurité supplémentaires, telles que l'application de sandbox. {% endhint %}

Exemples de contournement :

https://lapcatsoftware.com/articles/sandbox-escape.html
https://desi-jarvis.medium.com/office365-macos-sandbox-escape-fcce4fa4123c (ils sont capables d'écrire des fichiers en dehors de la sandbox dont le nom commence par ~$).

Débogage et contournement de la sandbox

Les processus ne naissent pas sandboxés sur macOS : contrairement à iOS, où la sandbox est appliquée par le noyau avant la première instruction d'un programme, sur macOS un processus doit élire de se placer dans la sandbox.

Les processus sont automatiquement sandboxés depuis l'espace utilisateur lorsqu'ils démarrent s'ils ont l'attribution : com.apple.security.app-sandbox. Pour une explication détaillée de ce processus, consultez :

{% content-ref url="macos-sandbox-debug-and-bypass/" %} macos-sandbox-debug-and-bypass {% endcontent-ref %}

Vérifier les privilèges PID

Selon cela, sandbox_check (c'est un __mac_syscall), peut vérifier si une opération est autorisée ou non par la sandbox dans un certain PID.

L'outil sbtool peut vérifier si un PID peut effectuer une certaine action :

sbtool <pid> mach #Check mac-ports (got from launchd with an api)
sbtool <pid> file /tmp #Check file access
sbtool <pid> inspect #Gives you an explaination of the sandbox profile
sbtool <pid> all

Profils SBPL personnalisés dans les applications App Store

Il pourrait être possible pour les entreprises de faire fonctionner leurs applications avec des profils Sandbox personnalisés (au lieu du profil par défaut). Elles doivent utiliser l'attribution com.apple.security.temporary-exception.sbpl qui doit être autorisée par Apple.

Il est possible de vérifier la définition de cette attribution dans /System/Library/Sandbox/Profiles/application.sb:

(sandbox-array-entitlement
  "com.apple.security.temporary-exception.sbpl"
  (lambda (string)
    (let* ((port (open-input-string string)) (sbpl (read port)))
      (with-transparent-redirection (eval sbpl)))))

Cela évaluera la chaîne de caractères après cette autorisation en tant que profil Sandbox.

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