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12 KiB
12 KiB
macOS Objective-C
从零到英雄学习AWS黑客技术，通过 htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!
支持HackTricks的其他方式：
- 如果您想在HackTricks中看到您的公司广告或下载HackTricks的PDF，请查看订阅计划!
- 获取官方PEASS & HackTricks商品
- 发现PEASS家族，我们独家的NFTs系列
- 加入 💬 Discord群组或telegram群组或在Twitter 🐦 上关注我 @carlospolopm。
- 通过向 HackTricks 和 HackTricks Cloud github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。
Objective-C
{% hint style="danger" %} 请注意，用Objective-C编写的程序在编译成Mach-O二进制文件时保留它们的类声明。这些类声明包括以下名称和类型： {% endhint %}
- 类
- 类方法
- 类实例变量
您可以使用class-dump获取这些信息：
class-dump Kindle.app
请注意，这些名称可能会被混淆，以使二进制文件的反向工程更加困难。
类、方法和对象
接口、属性和方法
// Declare the interface of the class
@interface MyVehicle : NSObject
// Declare the properties
@property NSString *vehicleType;
@property int numberOfWheels;
// Declare the methods
- (void)startEngine;
- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
@end
类
@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
// No need to indicate the properties, only define methods
- (void)startEngine {
NSLog(@"Engine started");
}
- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
self.numberOfWheels += value;
}
@end
对象 & 调用方法
要创建一个类的实例，需要调用 alloc 方法来为每个属性分配内存，并将这些分配置零。然后调用 init，它将属性初始化为所需的值。
// Something like this:
MyVehicle *newVehicle = [[MyVehicle alloc] init];
// Which is usually expressed as:
MyVehicle *newVehicle = [MyVehicle new];
// To call a method
// [myClassInstance nameOfTheMethodFirstParam:param1 secondParam:param2]
[newVehicle addWheels:4];
类方法
类方法使用加号（+）定义，而不是用于实例方法的连字符（-）。就像NSString类方法**stringWithString**：
+ (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)aString;
Setter & Getter
要设置和获取属性，你可以使用点表示法或者像调用方法一样：
// Set
newVehicle.numberOfWheels = 2;
[newVehicle setNumberOfWheels:3];
// Get
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", newVehicle.numberOfWheels);
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", [newVehicle numberOfWheels]);
实例变量
除了使用 setter 和 getter 方法外，您还可以使用实例变量。这些变量的名称与属性相同，但以“_”开头：
- (void)makeLongTruck {
_numberOfWheels = +10000;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfLeaves);
}
协议
协议是一组方法声明（不包含属性）。实现协议的类需要实现声明的方法。
方法有两种类型：必须 和 可选。默认情况下，方法是 必须 的（但你也可以使用 @required 标签来指明）。要表示方法是可选的，使用 @optional。
@protocol myNewProtocol
- (void) method1; //mandatory
@required
- (void) method2; //mandatory
@optional
- (void) method3; //optional
@end
全部整合
// gcc -framework Foundation test_obj.m -o test_obj
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@protocol myVehicleProtocol
- (void) startEngine; //mandatory
@required
- (void) addWheels:(int)value; //mandatory
@optional
- (void) makeLongTruck; //optional
@end
@interface MyVehicle : NSObject <myVehicleProtocol>
@property int numberOfWheels;
- (void)startEngine;
- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
- (void)makeLongTruck;
@end
@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
- (void)startEngine {
NSLog(@"Engine started");
}
- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
self.numberOfWheels += value;
}
- (void)makeLongTruck {
_numberOfWheels = +10000;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfWheels);
}
@end
int main() {
MyVehicle* mySuperCar = [MyVehicle new];
[mySuperCar startEngine];
mySuperCar.numberOfWheels = 4;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
[mySuperCar setNumberOfWheels:3];
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
[mySuperCar makeLongTruck];
}
基本类别
字符串
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
// NSString
NSString *bookTitle = @"The Catcher in the Rye";
NSString *bookAuthor = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"J.D. Salinger" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString *bookPublicationYear = [NSString stringWithCString:"1951" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
{% endcode %}
基本类是不可变的，因此要在现有字符串上追加字符串，需要创建一个新的 NSString。
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
NSString *bookDescription = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ by %@ was published in %@", bookTitle, bookAuthor, bookPublicationYear];
{% endcode %}
或者您也可以使用一个可变字符串类：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
NSMutableString *mutableString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"The book "];
[mutableString appendString:bookTitle];
[mutableString appendString:@" was written by "];
[mutableString appendString:bookAuthor];
[mutableString appendString:@" and published in "];
[mutableString appendString:bookPublicationYear];
数字
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
// character literals.
NSNumber *theLetterZ = @'Z'; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithChar:'Z']
// integral literals.
NSNumber *fortyTwo = @42; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithInt:42]
NSNumber *fortyTwoUnsigned = @42U; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:42U]
NSNumber *fortyTwoLong = @42L; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLong:42L]
NSNumber *fortyTwoLongLong = @42LL; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:42LL]
// floating point literals.
NSNumber *piFloat = @3.141592654F; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithFloat:3.141592654F]
NSNumber *piDouble = @3.1415926535; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithDouble:3.1415926535]
// BOOL literals.
NSNumber *yesNumber = @YES; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
NSNumber *noNumber = @NO; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO]
数组、集合与字典
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
// Inmutable arrays
NSArray *colorsArray1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"red", @"green", @"blue", nil];
NSArray *colorsArray2 = @[@"yellow", @"cyan", @"magenta"];
NSArray *colorsArray3 = @[firstColor, secondColor, thirdColor];
// Mutable arrays
NSMutableArray *mutColorsArray = [NSMutableArray array];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"red"];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"green"];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"blue"];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"yellow"];
[mutColorsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:@"purple"];
// Inmutable Sets
NSSet *fruitsSet1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
NSSet *fruitsSet2 = [NSSet setWithArray:@[@"apple", @"banana", @"orange"]];
// Mutable sets
NSMutableSet *mutFruitsSet = [NSMutableSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
[mutFruitsSet addObject:@"grape"];
[mutFruitsSet removeObject:@"apple"];
// Dictionary
NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary = @{
@"apple" : @"red",
@"banana" : @"yellow",
@"orange" : @"orange",
@"grape" : @"purple"
};
// In dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys you specify the value and then the key:
NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
@"red", @"apple",
@"yellow", @"banana",
@"orange", @"orange",
@"purple", @"grape",
nil];
// Mutable dictionary
NSMutableDictionary *mutFruitColorsDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:fruitColorsDictionary];
[mutFruitColorsDictionary setObject:@"green" forKey:@"apple"];
[mutFruitColorsDictionary removeObjectForKey:@"grape"];
{% endcode %}
Blocks
Blocks 是表现为对象的函数，因此它们可以被传递给函数或存储在数组或字典中。此外，如果它们被赋予值，它们可以代表一个值，所以它与 lambdas 相似。
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
returnType (^blockName)(argumentType1, argumentType2, ...) = ^(argumentType1 param1, argumentType2 param2, ...){
//Perform operations here
};
// For example
int (^suma)(int, int) = ^(int a, int b){
return a+b;
};
NSLog(@"3+4 = %d", suma(3,4));
也可以**定义一个块类型用作函数中的参数**：
// Define the block type
typedef void (^callbackLogger)(void);
// Create a bloack with the block type
callbackLogger myLogger = ^{
NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my block");
};
// Use it inside a function as a param
void genericLogger(callbackLogger blockParam) {
NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my function");
blockParam();
}
genericLogger(myLogger);
// Call it inline
genericLogger(^{
NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my second block");
});
文件
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
// Manager to manage files
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
// Check if file exists:
if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:@"/path/to/file.txt" ] == YES) {
NSLog (@"File exists");
}
// copy files
if ([fileManager copyItemAtPath: @"/path/to/file1.txt" toPath: @"/path/to/file2.txt" error:nil] == YES) {
NSLog (@"Copy successful");
}
// Check if the content of 2 files match
if ([fileManager contentsEqualAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" andPath:@"/path/to/file2.txt"] == YES) {
NSLog (@"File contents match");
}
// Delete file
if ([fileManager removeItemAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" error:nil]) {
NSLog(@"Removed successfully");
}
{% endcode %}
也可以通过使用 NSURL 对象而不是 NSString 对象来管理文件。方法名称类似，但是使用 URL 替代 Path。
NSURL *fileSrc = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt"];
NSURL *fileDst = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/path/to/file2.txt"];
[fileManager moveItemAtURL:fileSrc toURL:fileDst error: nil];
大多数基础类都定义了一个方法 writeToFile:<path> atomically:<YES> encoding:<encoding> error:nil，允许它们直接写入文件：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
NSString* tmp = @"something temporary";
[tmp writeToFile:@"/tmp/tmp1.txt" atomically:YES encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding error:nil];
从零到英雄学习AWS黑客攻击 htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)！
支持HackTricks的其他方式：
- 如果您想在HackTricks中看到您的公司广告或下载HackTricks的PDF，请查看订阅计划！
- 获取官方PEASS & HackTricks商品
- 发现PEASS家族，我们独家的NFTs系列
- 加入 💬 Discord群组或telegram群组或在Twitter 🐦 上关注我 @carlospolopm。
- 通过向 HackTricks 和 HackTricks Cloud github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。