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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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136 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
136 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
# Proxy / WAF Beskermingsontduiking
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Leer AWS hak vanaf nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Ander maniere om HackTricks te ondersteun:
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* As jy wil sien dat jou **maatskappy geadverteer word in HackTricks** of **HackTricks aflaai in PDF-formaat** Kyk na die [**INSKRYWINGSPLANNE**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Ontdek [**Die PEASS Familie**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling van eksklusiewe [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Deel jou haktruuks deur PR's in te dien by die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github-opslag.
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</details>
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<figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
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## Bypass Nginx ACL-reëls met Padnaammanipulasie <a href="#heading-pathname-manipulation-bypassing-reverse-proxies-and-load-balancers-security-rules" id="heading-pathname-manipulation-bypassing-reverse-proxies-and-load-balancers-security-rules"></a>
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Tegnieke [van hierdie navorsing](https://rafa.hashnode.dev/exploiting-http-parsers-inconsistencies).
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Nginx-reëlvoorbeeld:
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```plaintext
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location = /admin {
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deny all;
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}
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location = /admin/ {
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deny all;
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}
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```
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### **NodeJS - Express**
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| Nginx Weergawe | **Node.js Omgang Karakters** |
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| ------------- | ----------------------------- |
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| 1.22.0 | `\xA0` |
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| 1.21.6 | `\xA0` |
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| 1.20.2 | `\xA0`, `\x09`, `\x0C` |
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| 1.18.0 | `\xA0`, `\x09`, `\x0C` |
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| 1.16.1 | `\xA0`, `\x09`, `\x0C` |
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### **Flask**
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| Nginx Weergawe | **Flask Omgang Karakters** |
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| ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 1.22.0 | `\x85`, `\xA0` |
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| 1.21.6 | `\x85`, `\xA0` |
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| 1.20.2 | `\x85`, `\xA0`, `\x1F`, `\x1E`, `\x1D`, `\x1C`, `\x0C`, `\x0B` |
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| 1.18.0 | `\x85`, `\xA0`, `\x1F`, `\x1E`, `\x1D`, `\x1C`, `\x0C`, `\x0B` |
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| 1.16.1 | `\x85`, `\xA0`, `\x1F`, `\x1E`, `\x1D`, `\x1C`, `\x0C`, `\x0B` |
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### **Spring Boot**
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| Nginx Weergawe | **Spring Boot Omgang Karakters** |
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| ------------- | --------------------------------- |
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| 1.22.0 | `;` |
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| 1.21.6 | `;` |
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| 1.20.2 | `\x09`, `;` |
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| 1.18.0 | `\x09`, `;` |
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| 1.16.1 | `\x09`, `;` |
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### **PHP-FPM**
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Nginx FPM konfigurasie:
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```plaintext
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location = /admin.php {
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deny all;
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}
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location ~ \.php$ {
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include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
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fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
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}
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```
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Nginx is ingestel om toegang tot `/admin.php` te blokkeer, maar dit is moontlik om dit te omseil deur toegang tot `/admin.php/index.php` te verkry.
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### Hoe om te voorkom
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```plaintext
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location ~* ^/admin {
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deny all;
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}
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```
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## Bypass Mod Security Reëls <a href="#heading-bypassing-aws-waf-acl" id="heading-bypassing-aws-waf-acl"></a>
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### Pad Verwarring
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[**In hierdie pos**](https://blog.sicuranext.com/modsecurity-path-confusion-bugs-bypass/) word verduidelik dat ModSecurity v3 (tot 3.0.12), **die `REQUEST_FILENAME`** veranderlike onvanpas geïmplementeer het wat veronderstel was om die benaderde pad te bevat (tot by die begin van die parameters). Dit is omdat dit 'n URL-dekode uitgevoer het om die pad te kry.\
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Daarom sal 'n versoek soos `http://example.com/foo%3f';alert(1);foo=` in mod security aanneem dat die pad net `/foo` is omdat `%3f` in `?` omskep word wat die URL-pad beëindig, maar eintlik sal die pad wat 'n bediener ontvang `/foo%3f';alert(1);foo=` wees.
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Die veranderlikes `REQUEST_BASENAME` en `PATH_INFO` was ook deur hierdie fout geraak.
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Iets soortgelyks het in weergawe 2 van Mod Security gebeur wat dit moontlik gemaak het om 'n beskerming te omseil wat voorkom dat 'n gebruiker lêers met spesifieke uitbreidings wat verband hou met rugsteunlêers (soos `.bak`) toegang kry deur eenvoudig die punt URL-gekodeer in `%2e` te stuur, byvoorbeeld: `https://example.com/backup%2ebak`.
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## Bypass AWS WAF ACL <a href="#heading-bypassing-aws-waf-acl" id="heading-bypassing-aws-waf-acl"></a>
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### Misvormde Kopteks
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[Hierdie navorsing](https://rafa.hashnode.dev/exploiting-http-parsers-inconsistencies) noem dat dit moontlik was om AWS WAF-reëls wat oor HTTP-koptekste toegepas is, te omseil deur 'n "misvormde" kopteks te stuur wat nie behoorlik deur AWS gepars is nie, maar wel deur die agterserver.
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Byvoorbeeld, deur die volgende versoek met 'n SQL-inspuiting in die kopteks X-Query te stuur:
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```http
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GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n
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Host: target.com\r\n
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X-Query: Value\r\n
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\t' or '1'='1' -- \r\n
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Connection: close\r\n
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\r\n
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```
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Dit was moontlik om AWS WAF te omseil omdat dit nie sou verstaan dat die volgende lyn deel is van die waarde van die kopstuk nie terwyl die NODEJS-bediener dit wel gedoen het (dit is reggestel).
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## Verwysings
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* [https://rafa.hashnode.dev/exploiting-http-parsers-inconsistencies](https://rafa.hashnode.dev/exploiting-http-parsers-inconsistencies)
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* [https://blog.sicuranext.com/modsecurity-path-confusion-bugs-bypass/](https://blog.sicuranext.com/modsecurity-path-confusion-bugs-bypass/)
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<figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
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<details>
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|
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<summary><strong>Leer AWS-hacking vanaf nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
Ander maniere om HackTricks te ondersteun:
|
|
|
|
* As jy wil sien dat jou **maatskappy geadverteer word in HackTricks** of **HackTricks aflaai in PDF-formaat** Kyk na die [**INSKRYWINGSPLANNE**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
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* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* Ontdek [**Die PEASS-familie**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling eksklusiewe [**NFT's**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
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* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Deel jou haktruuks deur PR's in te dien by die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github-opslag.
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</details>
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