# Ukaguzi wa Pcap
Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)! Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks: * Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA USAJILI**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) ya kipekee * **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au [**kikundi cha telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.** * **Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.
[**RootedCON**](https://www.rootedcon.com/) ni tukio muhimu zaidi la usalama wa mtandao nchini **Hispania** na moja ya muhimu zaidi barani **Ulaya**. Kwa ** lengo la kukuza maarifa ya kiufundi**, kongamano hili ni mahali pa kukutana kwa wataalamu wa teknolojia na usalama wa mtandao katika kila nidhamu. {% embed url="https://www.rootedcon.com/" %} {% hint style="info" %} Taarifa kuhusu **PCAP** dhidi ya **PCAPNG**: kuna matoleo mawili ya muundo wa faili ya PCAP; **PCAPNG ni mpya na haitegemezwi na zana zote**. Unaweza kuhitaji kubadilisha faili kutoka PCAPNG kwenda PCAP kwa kutumia Wireshark au zana nyingine inayoweza kufanya kazi nayo katika zana nyingine. {% endhint %} ## Zana za mtandaoni kwa pcaps * Ikiwa kichwa cha pcap yako kime **haribika** unapaswa kujaribu **kusahihisha** kutumia: [http://f00l.de/hacking/**pcapfix.php**](http://f00l.de/hacking/pcapfix.php) * Chunguza **taarifa** na tafuta **programu hasidi** ndani ya pcap kwenye [**PacketTotal**](https://packettotal.com) * Tafuta **shughuli za uovu** kwa kutumia [**www.virustotal.com**](https://www.virustotal.com) na [**www.hybrid-analysis.com**](https://www.hybrid-analysis.com) ## Chunguza Taarifa Zana zifuatazo ni muhimu kutoa takwimu, faili, n.k. ### Wireshark {% hint style="info" %} **Ikiwa utauchambua PCAP lazima ujue jinsi ya kutumia Wireshark** {% endhint %} Unaweza kupata mbinu za Wireshark katika: {% content-ref url="wireshark-tricks.md" %} [wireshark-tricks.md](wireshark-tricks.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ### Xplico Framework [**Xplico** ](https://github.com/xplico/xplico)_(tu linux)_ inaweza **kuchambua** pcap na kutoa taarifa kutoka kwake. Kwa mfano, kutoka kwa faili ya pcap, Xplico inachambua kila barua pepe (itifaki za POP, IMAP, na SMTP), yaliyomo yote ya HTTP, kila simu ya VoIP (SIP), FTP, TFTP, na kadhalika. **Sakinisha** ```bash sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://repo.xplico.org/ $(lsb_release -s -c) main" /etc/apt/sources.list' sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 791C25CE sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install xplico ``` **Endesha** ``` /etc/init.d/apache2 restart /etc/init.d/xplico start ``` Fikia _**127.0.0.1:9876**_ na sifa za kuingia ni _**xplico:xplico**_ Kisha tengeneza **kisa kipya**, tengeneza **kikao kipya** ndani ya kisa na **pakia faili ya pcap**. ### NetworkMiner Kama Xplico ni chombo cha **uchambuzi na kuchimbua vitu kutoka kwa pcaps**. Ina toleo la bure ambalo unaweza **kupakua** [**hapa**](https://www.netresec.com/?page=NetworkMiner). Inafanya kazi na **Windows**.\ Chombo hiki pia ni muhimu kupata **habari nyingine zilizochambuliwa** kutoka kwa pakiti ili kuweza kujua kilichokuwa kikiendelea kwa njia **haraka**. ### NetWitness Investigator Unaweza kupakua [**NetWitness Investigator kutoka hapa**](https://www.rsa.com/en-us/contact-us/netwitness-investigator-freeware) **(Inafanya kazi kwenye Windows)**.\ Hii ni chombo kingine muhimu ambacho **huchambua pakiti** na kupanga habari kwa njia inayofaa ili **kujua kinachoendelea ndani**. ### [BruteShark](https://github.com/odedshimon/BruteShark) * Kuchimbua na kuweka majina ya mtumiaji na nywila (HTTP, FTP, Telnet, IMAP, SMTP...) * Kuchimbua alama za uthibitisho na kuzivunja kwa kutumia Hashcat (Kerberos, NTLM, CRAM-MD5, HTTP-Digest...) * Kujenga ramani ya mtandao ya kuona (Vifaa vya mtandao & watumiaji) * Kuchimbua maswali ya DNS * Kurekebisha vikao vyote vya TCP & UDP * Uchongaji wa Faili ### Capinfos ``` capinfos capture.pcap ``` ### Ngrep Ikiwa unatafuta kitu ndani ya pcap unaweza kutumia ngrep. Hapa kuna mfano ukitumia vichujio vikuu: ```bash ngrep -I packets.pcap "^GET" "port 80 and tcp and host 192.168 and dst host 192.168 and src host 192.168" ``` ### Ukataji Kutumia mbinu za kawaida za ukataji inaweza kuwa na manufaa kutoa faili na habari kutoka kwa pcap: {% content-ref url="../partitions-file-systems-carving/file-data-carving-recovery-tools.md" %} [file-data-carving-recovery-tools.md](../partitions-file-systems-carving/file-data-carving-recovery-tools.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ### Kukamata siri Unaweza kutumia zana kama [https://github.com/lgandx/PCredz](https://github.com/lgandx/PCredz) kuchambua siri kutoka kwa pcap au interface ya moja kwa moja.
[**RootedCON**](https://www.rootedcon.com/) ni tukio muhimu zaidi la usalama wa mtandao nchini **Hispania** na moja ya muhimu zaidi barani **Ulaya**. Na **malengo ya kukuza maarifa ya kiufundi**, kongamano hili ni mahali pa kukutana kwa wataalamu wa teknolojia na usalama wa mtandao katika kila nidhamu. {% embed url="https://www.rootedcon.com/" %} ## Angalia Exploits/Malware ### Suricata **Sakinisha na weka** ``` apt-get install suricata apt-get install oinkmaster echo "url = http://rules.emergingthreats.net/open/suricata/emerging.rules.tar.gz" >> /etc/oinkmaster.conf oinkmaster -C /etc/oinkmaster.conf -o /etc/suricata/rules ``` **Angalia pcap** ``` suricata -r packets.pcap -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml -k none -v -l log ``` ### YaraPcap [**YaraPCAP**](https://github.com/kevthehermit/YaraPcap) ni chombo ambacho * Huisoma Faili ya PCAP na Kuchambua Mtiririko wa Http. * gzip hupunguza mtiririko wowote uliopimwa * Huchunguza kila faili na yara * Huiandika ripoti.txt * Kwa hiari huihifadhi faili zinazolingana kwenye Dir ### Uchambuzi wa Programu Hasidi Angalia kama unaweza kupata alama yoyote ya programu hasidi inayojulikana: {% content-ref url="../malware-analysis.md" %} [malware-analysis.md](../malware-analysis.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ## Zeek > [Zeek](https://docs.zeek.org/en/master/about.html) ni chombo cha uchambuzi wa mtiririko wa mtandao wa chanzo wazi. Watoa huduma wengi hutumia Zeek kama Mfuatiliaji wa Usalama wa Mtandao (NSM) kusaidia uchunguzi wa shughuli za shaka au zenye nia mbaya. Zeek pia inasaidia aina mbalimbali za kazi za uchambuzi wa mtiririko zaidi ya uga wa usalama, ikiwa ni pamoja na upimaji wa utendaji na kutatua matatizo. Kimsingi, nyaraka zinazoundwa na `zeek` sio **pcaps**. Kwa hivyo utahitaji kutumia **zana nyingine** kuchambua nyaraka ambapo **taarifa** kuhusu pcaps zinapatikana. ```bash #Get info about longest connections (add "grep udp" to see only udp traffic) #The longest connection might be of malware (constant reverse shell?) cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.orig_p id.resp_h id.resp_p proto service duration | sort -nrk 7 | head -n 10 10.55.100.100 49778 65.52.108.225 443 tcp - 86222.365445 10.55.100.107 56099 111.221.29.113 443 tcp - 86220.126151 10.55.100.110 60168 40.77.229.82 443 tcp - 86160.119664 #Improve the metrics by summing up the total duration time for connections that have the same destination IP and Port. cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h id.resp_p proto duration | awk 'BEGIN{ FS="\t" } { arr[$1 FS $2 FS $3 FS $4] += $5 } END{ for (key in arr) printf "%s%s%s\n", key, FS, arr[key] }' | sort -nrk 5 | head -n 10 10.55.100.100 65.52.108.225 443 tcp 86222.4 10.55.100.107 111.221.29.113 443 tcp 86220.1 10.55.100.110 40.77.229.82 443 tcp 86160.1 #Get the number of connections summed up per each line cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h duration | awk 'BEGIN{ FS="\t" } { arr[$1 FS $2] += $3; count[$1 FS $2] += 1 } END{ for (key in arr) printf "%s%s%s%s%s\n", key, FS, count[key], FS, arr[key] }' | sort -nrk 4 | head -n 10 10.55.100.100 65.52.108.225 1 86222.4 10.55.100.107 111.221.29.113 1 86220.1 10.55.100.110 40.77.229.82 134 86160.1 #Check if any IP is connecting to 1.1.1.1 cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h id.resp_p proto service | grep '1.1.1.1' | sort | uniq -c #Get number of connections per source IP, dest IP and dest Port cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h id.resp_p proto | awk 'BEGIN{ FS="\t" } { arr[$1 FS $2 FS $3 FS $4] += 1 } END{ for (key in arr) printf "%s%s%s\n", key, FS, arr[key] }' | sort -nrk 5 | head -n 10 # RITA #Something similar can be done with the tool rita rita show-long-connections -H --limit 10 zeek_logs +---------------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------+ | SOURCE IP | DESTINATION IP | DSTPORT:PROTOCOL:SERVICE | DURATION | +---------------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------+ | 10.55.100.100 | 65.52.108.225 | 443:tcp:- | 23h57m2.3655s | | 10.55.100.107 | 111.221.29.113 | 443:tcp:- | 23h57m0.1262s | | 10.55.100.110 | 40.77.229.82 | 443:tcp:- | 23h56m0.1197s | #Get connections info from rita rita show-beacons zeek_logs | head -n 10 Score,Source IP,Destination IP,Connections,Avg Bytes,Intvl Range,Size Range,Top Intvl,Top Size,Top Intvl Count,Top Size Count,Intvl Skew,Size Skew,Intvl Dispersion,Size Dispersion 1,192.168.88.2,165.227.88.15,108858,197,860,182,1,89,53341,108319,0,0,0,0 1,10.55.100.111,165.227.216.194,20054,92,29,52,1,52,7774,20053,0,0,0,0 0.838,10.55.200.10,205.251.194.64,210,69,29398,4,300,70,109,205,0,0,0,0 ``` ### Taarifa za DNS ```bash #Get info about each DNS request performed cat dns.log | zeek-cut -c id.orig_h query qtype_name answers #Get the number of times each domain was requested and get the top 10 cat dns.log | zeek-cut query | sort | uniq | rev | cut -d '.' -f 1-2 | rev | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 10 #Get all the IPs cat dns.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h query | grep 'example\.com' | cut -f 1 | sort | uniq -c #Sort the most common DNS record request (should be A) cat dns.log | zeek-cut qtype_name | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr #See top DNS domain requested with rita rita show-exploded-dns -H --limit 10 zeek_logs ``` ## Mbinu nyingine za uchambuzi wa pcap {% content-ref url="dnscat-exfiltration.md" %} [dnscat-exfiltration.md](dnscat-exfiltration.md) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="wifi-pcap-analysis.md" %} [wifi-pcap-analysis.md](wifi-pcap-analysis.md) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="usb-keystrokes.md" %} [usb-keystrokes.md](usb-keystrokes.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ​
[**RootedCON**](https://www.rootedcon.com/) ni tukio muhimu zaidi la usalama wa mtandao nchini **Hispania** na moja ya muhimu zaidi barani **Ulaya**. Kwa ** lengo la kukuza maarifa ya kiufundi**, kongamano hili ni mahali pa kukutana kwa wataalamu wa teknolojia na usalama wa mtandao katika kila nidhamu. {% embed url="https://www.rootedcon.com/" %}
Jifunze AWS hacking kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)! Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks: * Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) ya kipekee * **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.** * **Shiriki mbinu zako za udukuzi kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.