# macOS XPC 授权
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## XPC 授权 苹果还提出了另一种方法来验证连接的进程是否具有**调用公开的 XPC 方法的权限**。 当应用程序需要**以特权用户身份执行操作**时，通常不会将应用程序作为特权用户运行，而是将 HelperTool 作为 XPC 服务以 root 用户身份安装，应用程序可以从中调用以执行这些操作。但是，调用服务的应用程序应具有足够的授权。 ### ShouldAcceptNewConnection 总是 YES 在 [EvenBetterAuthorizationSample](https://github.com/brenwell/EvenBetterAuthorizationSample) 中可以找到一个示例。在 `App/AppDelegate.m` 中，它尝试**连接**到**HelperTool**。而在 `HelperTool/HelperTool.m` 中，函数**`shouldAcceptNewConnection`** **不会检查**之前提到的任何要求。它将始终返回 YES： ```objectivec - (BOOL)listener:(NSXPCListener *)listener shouldAcceptNewConnection:(NSXPCConnection *)newConnection // Called by our XPC listener when a new connection comes in. We configure the connection // with our protocol and ourselves as the main object. { assert(listener == self.listener); #pragma unused(listener) assert(newConnection != nil); newConnection.exportedInterface = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(HelperToolProtocol)]; newConnection.exportedObject = self; [newConnection resume]; return YES; } ``` 有关如何正确配置此检查的更多信息，请参阅： {% content-ref url="macos-xpc-connecting-process-check.md" %} [macos-xpc-connecting-process-check.md](macos-xpc-connecting-process-check.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ### 应用程序权限 然而，当调用 HelperTool 的方法时，会进行一些授权操作。 `App/AppDelegate.m` 中的 `applicationDidFinishLaunching` 函数将在应用程序启动后创建一个空的授权引用。这应该总是有效的。\ 然后，它将尝试通过调用 `setupAuthorizationRights` 向该授权引用添加一些权限： ```objectivec - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)note { [...] err = AuthorizationCreate(NULL, NULL, 0, &self->_authRef); if (err == errAuthorizationSuccess) { err = AuthorizationMakeExternalForm(self->_authRef, &extForm); } if (err == errAuthorizationSuccess) { self.authorization = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:&extForm length:sizeof(extForm)]; } assert(err == errAuthorizationSuccess); // If we successfully connected to Authorization Services, add definitions for our default // rights (unless they're already in the database). if (self->_authRef) { [Common setupAuthorizationRights:self->_authRef]; } [self.window makeKeyAndOrderFront:self]; } ``` `Common/Common.m`中的`setupAuthorizationRights`函数将应用程序的权限存储在`/var/db/auth.db`的授权数据库中。请注意，它只会添加尚未存在于数据库中的权限： ```objectivec + (void)setupAuthorizationRights:(AuthorizationRef)authRef // See comment in header. { assert(authRef != NULL); [Common enumerateRightsUsingBlock:^(NSString * authRightName, id authRightDefault, NSString * authRightDesc) { OSStatus blockErr; // First get the right. If we get back errAuthorizationDenied that means there's // no current definition, so we add our default one. blockErr = AuthorizationRightGet([authRightName UTF8String], NULL); if (blockErr == errAuthorizationDenied) { blockErr = AuthorizationRightSet( authRef, // authRef [authRightName UTF8String], // rightName (__bridge CFTypeRef) authRightDefault, // rightDefinition (__bridge CFStringRef) authRightDesc, // descriptionKey NULL, // bundle (NULL implies main bundle) CFSTR("Common") // localeTableName ); assert(blockErr == errAuthorizationSuccess); } else { // A right already exists (err == noErr) or any other error occurs, we // assume that it has been set up in advance by the system administrator or // this is the second time we've run. Either way, there's nothing more for // us to do. } }]; } ``` 函数`enumerateRightsUsingBlock`用于获取应用程序的权限，这些权限在`commandInfo`中定义： ```objectivec static NSString * kCommandKeyAuthRightName = @"authRightName"; static NSString * kCommandKeyAuthRightDefault = @"authRightDefault"; static NSString * kCommandKeyAuthRightDesc = @"authRightDescription"; + (NSDictionary *)commandInfo { static dispatch_once_t sOnceToken; static NSDictionary * sCommandInfo; dispatch_once(&sOnceToken, ^{ sCommandInfo = @{ NSStringFromSelector(@selector(readLicenseKeyAuthorization:withReply:)) : @{ kCommandKeyAuthRightName : @"com.example.apple-samplecode.EBAS.readLicenseKey", kCommandKeyAuthRightDefault : @kAuthorizationRuleClassAllow, kCommandKeyAuthRightDesc : NSLocalizedString( @"EBAS is trying to read its license key.", @"prompt shown when user is required to authorize to read the license key" ) }, NSStringFromSelector(@selector(writeLicenseKey:authorization:withReply:)) : @{ kCommandKeyAuthRightName : @"com.example.apple-samplecode.EBAS.writeLicenseKey", kCommandKeyAuthRightDefault : @kAuthorizationRuleAuthenticateAsAdmin, kCommandKeyAuthRightDesc : NSLocalizedString( @"EBAS is trying to write its license key.", @"prompt shown when user is required to authorize to write the license key" ) }, NSStringFromSelector(@selector(bindToLowNumberPortAuthorization:withReply:)) : @{ kCommandKeyAuthRightName : @"com.example.apple-samplecode.EBAS.startWebService", kCommandKeyAuthRightDefault : @kAuthorizationRuleClassAllow, kCommandKeyAuthRightDesc : NSLocalizedString( @"EBAS is trying to start its web service.", @"prompt shown when user is required to authorize to start the web service" ) } }; }); return sCommandInfo; } + (NSString *)authorizationRightForCommand:(SEL)command // See comment in header. { return [self commandInfo][NSStringFromSelector(command)][kCommandKeyAuthRightName]; } + (void)enumerateRightsUsingBlock:(void (^)(NSString * authRightName, id authRightDefault, NSString * authRightDesc))block // Calls the supplied block with information about each known authorization right.. { [self.commandInfo enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) { #pragma unused(key) #pragma unused(stop) NSDictionary * commandDict; NSString * authRightName; id authRightDefault; NSString * authRightDesc; // If any of the following asserts fire it's likely that you've got a bug // in sCommandInfo. commandDict = (NSDictionary *) obj; assert([commandDict isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]); authRightName = [commandDict objectForKey:kCommandKeyAuthRightName]; assert([authRightName isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]); authRightDefault = [commandDict objectForKey:kCommandKeyAuthRightDefault]; assert(authRightDefault != nil); authRightDesc = [commandDict objectForKey:kCommandKeyAuthRightDesc]; assert([authRightDesc isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]); block(authRightName, authRightDefault, authRightDesc); }]; } ``` 这意味着在此过程结束时，`commandInfo`中声明的权限将存储在`/var/db/auth.db`中。请注意，您可以在其中找到**每个需要身份验证的方法**，**权限名称**和**`kCommandKeyAuthRightDefault`**。后者**指示谁可以获得此权限**。 有不同的范围来指示谁可以访问权限。其中一些在[AuthorizationDB.h](https://github.com/aosm/Security/blob/master/Security/libsecurity\_authorization/lib/AuthorizationDB.h)中定义（您可以在[此处找到所有内容](https://www.dssw.co.uk/reference/authorization-rights/)），但总结如下：
名称值描述
kAuthorizationRuleClassAllowallow任何人
kAuthorizationRuleClassDenydeny无人
kAuthorizationRuleIsAdminis-admin当前用户需要是管理员（在管理员组内）
kAuthorizationRuleAuthenticateAsSessionUserauthenticate-session-owner要求用户进行身份验证。
kAuthorizationRuleAuthenticateAsAdminauthenticate-admin要求用户进行身份验证。他需要是管理员（在管理员组内）
kAuthorizationRightRulerule指定规则
kAuthorizationCommentcomment在权限上指定一些额外的注释
### 权限验证 在`HelperTool/HelperTool.m`中，函数**`readLicenseKeyAuthorization`**检查调用者是否被授权**执行此方法**，调用函数**`checkAuthorization`**。此函数将检查调用进程发送的**authData**是否具有**正确的格式**，然后将检查**获取权限所需的内容**以调用特定方法。如果一切顺利，**返回的`error`将为`nil`**： ```objectivec - (NSError *)checkAuthorization:(NSData *)authData command:(SEL)command { [...] // First check that authData looks reasonable. error = nil; if ( (authData == nil) || ([authData length] != sizeof(AuthorizationExternalForm)) ) { error = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSOSStatusErrorDomain code:paramErr userInfo:nil]; } // Create an authorization ref from that the external form data contained within. if (error == nil) { err = AuthorizationCreateFromExternalForm([authData bytes], &authRef); // Authorize the right associated with the command. if (err == errAuthorizationSuccess) { AuthorizationItem oneRight = { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }; AuthorizationRights rights = { 1, &oneRight }; oneRight.name = [[Common authorizationRightForCommand:command] UTF8String]; assert(oneRight.name != NULL); err = AuthorizationCopyRights( authRef, &rights, NULL, kAuthorizationFlagExtendRights | kAuthorizationFlagInteractionAllowed, NULL ); } if (err != errAuthorizationSuccess) { error = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSOSStatusErrorDomain code:err userInfo:nil]; } } if (authRef != NULL) { junk = AuthorizationFree(authRef, 0); assert(junk == errAuthorizationSuccess); } return error; } ``` 请注意，要检查调用该方法的权限，函数`authorizationRightForCommand`将仅检查先前的注释对象`commandInfo`。然后，它将调用`AuthorizationCopyRights`来检查是否有权调用该函数（请注意，标志允许与用户交互）。 在这种情况下，要调用函数`readLicenseKeyAuthorization`，`kCommandKeyAuthRightDefault`被定义为`@kAuthorizationRuleClassAllow`。因此，**任何人都可以调用它**。 ### 数据库信息 提到这些信息存储在`/var/db/auth.db`中。您可以使用以下命令列出所有存储的规则： ```sql sudo sqlite3 /var/db/auth.db SELECT name FROM rules; SELECT name FROM rules WHERE name LIKE '%safari%'; ``` 然后，您可以通过以下方式查看谁可以访问权限： ```bash security authorizationdb read com.apple.safaridriver.allow ``` ### 宽松的权限 你可以在[这里](https://www.dssw.co.uk/reference/authorization-rights/)找到**所有权限配置**，但是不需要用户交互的组合是： 1. **'authenticate-user': 'false'** * 这是最直接的键。如果设置为`false`，表示用户无需提供身份验证即可获得此权限。 * 这与下面的两个键之一结合使用，或者指示用户必须属于的组。 2. **'allow-root': 'true'** * 如果用户作为具有提升权限的root用户操作，并且此键设置为`true`，则root用户可能无需进一步身份验证即可获得此权限。然而，通常情况下，要达到root用户状态已经需要进行身份验证，所以对于大多数用户来说，这不是一个“无需身份验证”的情况。 3. **'session-owner': 'true'** * 如果设置为`true`，会话的所有者（当前登录的用户）将自动获得此权限。如果用户已经登录，则可能绕过其他身份验证。 4. **'shared': 'true'** * 此键不会在没有身份验证的情况下授予权限。相反，如果设置为`true`，意味着一旦权限得到验证，它可以在多个进程之间共享，而无需每个进程重新进行身份验证。但是，初始授予权限仍然需要进行身份验证，除非与其他键（如`'authenticate-user': 'false'`）结合使用。 你可以使用[**这个脚本**](https://gist.github.com/carlospolop/96ecb9e385a4667b9e40b24e878652f9)获取有趣的权限： ``` Rights with 'authenticate-user': 'false': is-admin (admin), is-admin-nonshared (admin), is-appstore (_appstore), is-developer (_developer), is-lpadmin (_lpadmin), is-root (run as root), is-session-owner (session owner), is-webdeveloper (_webdeveloper), system-identity-write-self (session owner), system-install-iap-software (run as root), system-install-software-iap (run as root) Rights with 'allow-root': 'true': com-apple-aosnotification-findmymac-remove, com-apple-diskmanagement-reservekek, com-apple-openscripting-additions-send, com-apple-reportpanic-fixright, com-apple-servicemanagement-blesshelper, com-apple-xtype-fontmover-install, com-apple-xtype-fontmover-remove, com-apple-dt-instruments-process-analysis, com-apple-dt-instruments-process-kill, com-apple-pcastagentconfigd-wildcard, com-apple-trust-settings-admin, com-apple-wifivelocity, com-apple-wireless-diagnostics, is-root, system-install-iap-software, system-install-software, system-install-software-iap, system-preferences, system-preferences-accounts, system-preferences-datetime, system-preferences-energysaver, system-preferences-network, system-preferences-printing, system-preferences-security, system-preferences-sharing, system-preferences-softwareupdate, system-preferences-startupdisk, system-preferences-timemachine, system-print-operator, system-privilege-admin, system-services-networkextension-filtering, system-services-networkextension-vpn, system-services-systemconfiguration-network, system-sharepoints-wildcard Rights with 'session-owner': 'true': authenticate-session-owner, authenticate-session-owner-or-admin, authenticate-session-user, com-apple-safari-allow-apple-events-to-run-javascript, com-apple-safari-allow-javascript-in-smart-search-field, com-apple-safari-allow-unsigned-app-extensions, com-apple-safari-install-ephemeral-extensions, com-apple-safari-show-credit-card-numbers, com-apple-safari-show-passwords, com-apple-icloud-passwordreset, com-apple-icloud-passwordreset, is-session-owner, system-identity-write-self, use-login-window-ui ```
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