# Docker --privileged ## What Affects When you run a container as privileged these are the protections you are disabling: ### Mount /dev In a privileged container, all the **devices can be accessed in `/dev/`**. Therefore you can **escape** by **mounting** the disk of the host. {% tabs %} {% tab title="Inside default container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm -it alpine sh ls /dev console fd mqueue ptmx random stderr stdout urandom core full null pts shm stdin tty zero ``` {% endtab %} {% tab title="Inside Privileged Container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm --privileged -it alpine sh ls /dev cachefiles mapper port shm tty24 tty44 tty7 console mem psaux stderr tty25 tty45 tty8 core mqueue ptmx stdin tty26 tty46 tty9 cpu nbd0 pts stdout tty27 tty47 ttyS0cker run --rm --privileged -it alpine sh [...] ``` {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ### Read-only kernel file systems Kernel file systems provide a mechanism for a **process to alter the way the kernel runs.** By default, we **don't want container processes to modify the kernel**, so we mount kernel file systems as read-only within the container. {% tabs %} {% tab title="Inside default container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm -it alpine sh mount | grep '(ro' sysfs on /sys type sysfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) cpuset on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset) cpu on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu) cpuacct on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct) ``` {% endtab %} {% tab title="Inside Privileged Container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm --privileged -it alpine sh mount | grep '(ro' ``` {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ### Masking over kernel file systems The **/proc** file system is namespace-aware, and certain writes can be allowed, so we don't mount it read-only. However, specific directories in the /proc file system need to be **protected from writing**, and in some instances, **from reading**. In these cases, the container engines mount **tmpfs** file systems over potentially dangerous directories, preventing processes inside of the container from using them. {% hint style="info" %} **tmpfs** is a file system that stores all the files in virtual memory. tmpfs doesn't create any files on your hard drive. So if you unmount a tmpfs file system, all the files residing in it are lost for ever. {% endhint %} {% tabs %} {% tab title="Inside default container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm -it alpine sh mount | grep /proc.*tmpfs tmpfs on /proc/acpi type tmpfs (ro,relatime) tmpfs on /proc/kcore type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755) tmpfs on /proc/keys type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755) ``` {% endtab %} {% tab title="Inside Privileged Container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm --privileged -it alpine sh mount | grep /proc.*tmpfs ``` {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ### Linux capabilities Container engines launch the containers with a **limited number of capabilities** to control what goes on inside of the container by default. **Privileged** ones have **all** the **capabilities** accesible. To learn about capabilities read: {% content-ref url="../linux-capabilities.md" %} [linux-capabilities.md](../linux-capabilities.md) {% endcontent-ref %} {% tabs %} {% tab title="Inside default container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm -it alpine sh apk add -U libcap; capsh --print [...] Current: cap_chown,cap_dac_override,cap_fowner,cap_fsetid,cap_kill,cap_setgid,cap_setuid,cap_setpcap,cap_net_bind_service,cap_net_raw,cap_sys_chroot,cap_mknod,cap_audit_write,cap_setfcap=eip Bounding set =cap_chown,cap_dac_override,cap_fowner,cap_fsetid,cap_kill,cap_setgid,cap_setuid,cap_setpcap,cap_net_bind_service,cap_net_raw,cap_sys_chroot,cap_mknod,cap_audit_write,cap_setfcap [...] ``` {% endtab %} {% tab title="Inside Privileged Container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm --privileged -it alpine sh apk add -U libcap; capsh --print [...] Current: =eip cap_perfmon,cap_bpf,cap_checkpoint_restore-eip Bounding set =cap_chown,cap_dac_override,cap_dac_read_search,cap_fowner,cap_fsetid,cap_kill,cap_setgid,cap_setuid,cap_setpcap,cap_linux_immutable,cap_net_bind_service,cap_net_broadcast,cap_net_admin,cap_net_raw,cap_ipc_lock,cap_ipc_owner,cap_sys_module,cap_sys_rawio,cap_sys_chroot,cap_sys_ptrace,cap_sys_pacct,cap_sys_admin,cap_sys_boot,cap_sys_nice,cap_sys_resource,cap_sys_time,cap_sys_tty_config,cap_mknod,cap_lease,cap_audit_write,cap_audit_control,cap_setfcap,cap_mac_override,cap_mac_admin,cap_syslog,cap_wake_alarm,cap_block_suspend,cap_audit_read [...] ``` {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} You can manipulate the capabilities available to a container without running in `--privileged` mode by using the `--cap-add` and `--cap-drop` flags. ### Seccomp **Seccomp** is useful to **limit** the **syscalls** a container can call. A default seccomp profile is enabled by default when running docker containers, but in privileged mode it is disabled. Learn more about Seccomp here: {% content-ref url="seccomp.md" %} [seccomp.md](seccomp.md) {% endcontent-ref %} {% tabs %} {% tab title="Inside default container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm -it alpine sh grep Seccomp /proc/1/status Seccomp: 2 Seccomp_filters: 1 ``` {% endtab %} {% tab title="Inside Privileged Container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm --privileged -it alpine sh grep Seccomp /proc/1/status Seccomp: 0 Seccomp_filters: 0 ``` {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ```bash # You can manually disable seccomp in docker with --security-opt seccomp=unconfined ``` Also, note that when Docker (or other CRIs) are used in a **Kubernetes** cluster, the **seccomp filter is disabled by default** ### AppArmor **AppArmor** is a kernel enhancement to confine **containers** to a **limited** set of **resources** with **per-program profiles**. When you run with the `--privileged` flag, this protection is disabled. {% content-ref url="apparmor.md" %} [apparmor.md](apparmor.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ```bash # You can manually disable seccomp in docker with --security-opt apparmor=unconfined ``` ### SELinux When you run with the `--privileged` flag, **SELinux labels are disabled**, and the container runs with the **label that the container engine was executed with**. This label is usually `unconfined` and has **full access to the labels that the container engine does**. In rootless mode, the container runs with `container_runtime_t`. In root mode, it runs with `spc_t`. {% content-ref url="../selinux.md" %} [selinux.md](../selinux.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ```bash # You can manually disable selinux in docker with --security-opt label:disable ``` ## What Doesn't Affect ### Namespaces Namespaces are **NOT affected** by the `--privileged` flag. Even though they don't have the security constraints enabled, they **do not see all of the processes on the system or the host network, for example**. Users can disable individual namespaces by using the **`--pid=host`, `--net=host`, `--ipc=host`, `--uts=host`** container engines flags. {% tabs %} {% tab title="Inside default privileged container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm --privileged -it alpine sh ps -ef PID USER TIME COMMAND 1 root 0:00 sh 18 root 0:00 ps -ef ``` {% endtab %} {% tab title="Inside --pid=host Container" %} ```bash # docker run --rm --privileged --pid=host -it alpine sh ps -ef PID USER TIME COMMAND 1 root 0:03 /sbin/init 2 root 0:00 [kthreadd] 3 root 0:00 [rcu_gp]ount | grep /proc.*tmpfs [...] ``` {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ### User namespace Container engines do **NOT use user namespace by default**. However, rootless containers always use it to mount file systems and use more than a single UID. In the rootless case, user namespace can not be disabled; it is required to run rootless containers. User namespaces prevent certain privileges and add considerable security. ## References * [https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/privileged-flag-container-engines](https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/privileged-flag-container-engines)