# Unsorted Bin Attack

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## Basic Information

When malloc, unsorted lists are able to write the address to `unsorted_chunks (av)` in the `bk` address of the chunk. Therefore, if an attacker can modify the address of the bk pointer in a chunk inside the unsorted bin, he could be able to write that address in an arbitrary address (maybe in the stack in a variable he can read) which could be helpful to leak a libc addresses.

{% hint style="success" %}
Taking a look to the example provided in [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/unsorted\_bin\_attack/#principle](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/unsorted\_bin\_attack/#principle) and using 0x4000 and 0x5000 instead of 0x400 and 0x500 as chunk sizes (to avoid tcaches) it's possible to see that nowadays the error `malloc(): unsorted double linked list corrupted` is triggered.

Therefore, this unsorted bin attack now (among other checks) also requires to be able to fix the doubled linked list so this is bypassed `victim->bck->fd == victim` or not `victim->fd == av (arena)`. Which means that the address were we want to right must have the address of the fake chunk in its `fd` position and that the fake chunk `fd` is pointing to the arena.
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="danger" %}
Note that this attack corrupts the unsorted bin (hence small and large too). So we can only **use allocations from the fast bin now** (a more complex program might do other allocations and crash), and to trigger this we must **alloc the same size or the program will crash.**
{% endhint %}

## References & Other examples

* [**https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/unsorted\_bin\_attack/#hitcon-training-lab14-magic-heap**](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/unsorted\_bin\_attack/#hitcon-training-lab14-magic-heap)
  * The goal is to overwrite a global variable with a value greater than 4869 so it's possible to get the flag and PIE is not enabled.
  * It's possible to generate chunks of arbitrary sizes and there is a heap overflow with the desired size.
  * The attack starts creating 3 chunks: chunk0 to abuse the overflow, chunk1 to be overflowed and chunk2 so top chunk doesn't consolidate the previous ones.
  * Then, chunk1 is freed and chunk0 is overflowed to the `bk` pointer of chunk1 points to: `bk = magic - 0x10`
  * Then, chunk3 is allocated with the same size as chunk1, which will trigger the unsorted bin attack and will modify the value of the global variable, making possible to get the flag.
* [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/31-unsortedbin\_attack/0ctf16\_zerostorage/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/31-unsortedbin\_attack/0ctf16\_zerostorage/index.html)
  * The merge function is vulnerable because if both indexes passed are the same one it'll realloc on it and then free it but returning a pointer to that freed region that can be used.
  * Therefore, **2 chunks are created**: **chunk0** which will be merged with itself and chunk1 to prevent consolidating with the top chunk. Then, the **merge function is called with chunk0**  twice which will cause a use after free.
  * Then, the **`view`** function is called with index 2 (which the index of the use after free chunk), which will **leak a libc address**.
  * As the binary has protections to only malloc sizes bigger than `global_max_fast` so no fastbin is used, an unsorted bin attack is going to be used to overwrite the global variable `global_max_fast`.
  * Then, it's possible to call the edit function with the index 2 (the use after free pointer) and overwrite the `bk` pointer to point to `p64(global_max_fast-0x10)`. Then, creating a new chunk will use the previously compromised free address (0x20) will **trigger the unsorted bin attack** overwriting the `global_max_fast` which a very big value, allowing now to create chunks in fast bins.
  * Now a **fast bin attack** is performed:
    * First of all it's discovered that it's possible to work with fast **chunks of size 200** in the **`__free_hook`** location:
    * <pre class="language-c"><code class="lang-c">gef➤  p &#x26;__free_hook
      $1 = (void (**)(void *, const void *)) 0x7ff1e9e607a8 &#x3C;__free_hook>
      gef➤  x/60gx 0x7ff1e9e607a8 - 0x59
      <strong>0x7ff1e9e6074f: 0x0000000000000000      0x0000000000000200
      </strong>0x7ff1e9e6075f: 0x0000000000000000      0x0000000000000000
      0x7ff1e9e6076f &#x3C;list_all_lock+15>:      0x0000000000000000      0x0000000000000000
      0x7ff1e9e6077f &#x3C;_IO_stdfile_2_lock+15>: 0x0000000000000000      0x0000000000000000
      </code></pre>
      * If we manage to get a fast chunk of size 0x200 in this location, it'll be possible to overwrite a function pointer that will be executed
    * For this, a new chunk of size `0xfc` is created and the merged function is called with that pointer twice, this way we obtain a pointer to a freed chunk of size `0xfc*2 = 0x1f8` in the fast bin.
    * Then, the edit function is called in this chunk to modify the **`fd`** address of this fast bin to point to the previous **`__free_hook`** function.
    * Then, a chunk with size `0x1f8` is created to retrieve from the fast bin the previous useless chunk so another chunk of size `0x1f8` is created to get a fast bin chunk in the **`__free_hook`** which is overwritten with the address of **`system`** function.
    * And finally a chunk containing the string `/bin/sh\x00` is freed calling the delete function, triggering the **`__free_hook`** function which points to system with `/bin/sh\x00` as parameter.

<details>

<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

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