# Linux Environment Variables
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***
## Global variables
Vigezo vya kimataifa **vitakuwa** vinarithiwa na **mchakato wa watoto**.
Unaweza kuunda kigezo cha kimataifa kwa ajili ya kikao chako cha sasa kwa kufanya:
```bash
export MYGLOBAL="hello world"
echo $MYGLOBAL #Prints: hello world
```
Hii variable itapatikana na vikao vyako vya sasa na michakato yake ya watoto.
Unaweza **kuondoa** variable kwa kufanya:
```bash
unset MYGLOBAL
```
## Local variables
The **local variables** can only be **accessed** by the **current shell/script**.
```bash
LOCAL="my local"
echo $LOCAL
unset LOCAL
```
## Orodha ya mabadiliko ya sasa
```bash
set
env
printenv
cat /proc/$$/environ
cat /proc/`python -c "import os; print(os.getppid())"`/environ
```
## Common variables
From: [https://geek-university.com/linux/common-environment-variables/](https://geek-university.com/linux/common-environment-variables/)
* **DISPLAY** – onyesho linalotumiwa na **X**. Kigezo hiki kwa kawaida huwekwa kwenye **:0.0**, ambayo inamaanisha onyesho la kwanza kwenye kompyuta ya sasa.
* **EDITOR** – mhariri wa maandiko anayependelea mtumiaji.
* **HISTFILESIZE** – idadi ya juu ya mistari iliyomo kwenye faili ya historia.
* **HISTSIZE** – Idadi ya mistari iliyoongezwa kwenye faili ya historia wakati mtumiaji anamaliza kikao chake.
* **HOME** – saraka yako ya nyumbani.
* **HOSTNAME** – jina la mwenyeji wa kompyuta.
* **LANG** – lugha yako ya sasa.
* **MAIL** – mahali ambapo mzunguko wa barua wa mtumiaji upo. Kwa kawaida **/var/spool/mail/USER**.
* **MANPATH** – orodha ya saraka za kutafuta kurasa za mwongozo.
* **OSTYPE** – aina ya mfumo wa uendeshaji.
* **PS1** – kiashiria cha chaguo-msingi katika bash.
* **PATH** – huhifadhi njia ya saraka zote ambazo zina faili za binary unazotaka kutekeleza kwa kutaja tu jina la faili na si kwa njia ya uhusiano au njia kamili.
* **PWD** – saraka ya kazi ya sasa.
* **SHELL** – njia ya shell ya amri ya sasa (kwa mfano, **/bin/bash**).
* **TERM** – aina ya terminal ya sasa (kwa mfano, **xterm**).
* **TZ** – eneo lako la muda.
* **USER** – jina lako la mtumiaji la sasa.
## Interesting variables for hacking
### **HISTFILESIZE**
Badilisha **thamani ya kigezo hiki kuwa 0**, ili wakati unapo **maliza kikao chako** faili ya **historia** (\~/.bash\_history) **itafutwa**.
```bash
export HISTFILESIZE=0
```
### **HISTSIZE**
Badilisha **thamani ya hii variable kuwa 0**, ili wakati unapo **maliza kikao chako** amri yoyote itaongezwa kwenye **faili ya historia** (\~/.bash\_history).
```bash
export HISTSIZE=0
```
### http\_proxy & https\_proxy
Mchakato utatumia **proxy** iliyotangazwa hapa kuungana na mtandao kupitia **http au https**.
```bash
export http_proxy="http://10.10.10.10:8080"
export https_proxy="http://10.10.10.10:8080"
```
### SSL\_CERT\_FILE & SSL\_CERT\_DIR
Mifumo itatumia vyeti vilivyoonyeshwa katika **hizi env variables**.
```bash
export SSL_CERT_FILE=/path/to/ca-bundle.pem
export SSL_CERT_DIR=/path/to/ca-certificates
```
### PS1
Badilisha jinsi inavyoonekana.
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