# macOS沙盒
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## 基本信息 MacOS沙盒（最初称为Seatbelt）**限制在沙盒内运行的应用程序**只能执行沙盒配置文件中指定的允许操作。这有助于确保**应用程序只能访问预期的资源**。 任何具有**`com.apple.security.app-sandbox`**权限的应用程序都将在沙盒内执行。**Apple二进制文件**通常在沙盒内执行，并且为了在**App Store**中发布，**此权限是强制性的**。因此，大多数应用程序将在沙盒内执行。 为了控制进程可以执行的操作，**沙盒在内核中的所有系统调用中都有钩子**。根据应用程序的**权限**，沙盒将**允许**特定的操作。 沙盒的一些重要组件包括： * 内核扩展`/System/Library/Extensions/Sandbox.kext` * 私有框架`/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AppSandbox.framework` * 在用户空间运行的**守护进程**`/usr/libexec/sandboxd` * **容器**`~/Library/Containers` 在容器文件夹中，你可以找到**每个在沙盒中执行的应用程序的文件夹**，文件夹的名称是bundle id： ```bash ls -l ~/Library/Containers total 0 drwx------@ 4 username staff 128 May 23 20:20 com.apple.AMPArtworkAgent drwx------@ 4 username staff 128 May 23 20:13 com.apple.AMPDeviceDiscoveryAgent drwx------@ 4 username staff 128 Mar 24 18:03 com.apple.AVConference.Diagnostic drwx------@ 4 username staff 128 Mar 25 14:14 com.apple.Accessibility-Settings.extension drwx------@ 4 username staff 128 Mar 25 14:10 com.apple.ActionKit.BundledIntentHandler [...] ``` 在每个bundle id文件夹中，您可以找到应用程序的**plist**和**Data目录**： ```bash cd /Users/username/Library/Containers/com.apple.Safari ls -la total 104 drwx------@ 4 username staff 128 Mar 24 18:08 . drwx------ 348 username staff 11136 May 23 20:57 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 username staff 50214 Mar 24 18:08 .com.apple.containermanagerd.metadata.plist drwx------ 13 username staff 416 Mar 24 18:05 Data ls -l Data total 0 drwxr-xr-x@ 8 username staff 256 Mar 24 18:08 CloudKit lrwxr-xr-x 1 username staff 19 Mar 24 18:02 Desktop -> ../../../../Desktop drwx------ 2 username staff 64 Mar 24 18:02 Documents lrwxr-xr-x 1 username staff 21 Mar 24 18:02 Downloads -> ../../../../Downloads drwx------ 35 username staff 1120 Mar 24 18:08 Library lrwxr-xr-x 1 username staff 18 Mar 24 18:02 Movies -> ../../../../Movies lrwxr-xr-x 1 username staff 17 Mar 24 18:02 Music -> ../../../../Music lrwxr-xr-x 1 username staff 20 Mar 24 18:02 Pictures -> ../../../../Pictures drwx------ 2 username staff 64 Mar 24 18:02 SystemData drwx------ 2 username staff 64 Mar 24 18:02 tmp ``` {% hint style="danger" %} 请注意，即使符号链接存在以便从沙盒中"逃脱"并访问其他文件夹，应用程序仍然需要**具有权限**来访问它们。这些权限在**`.plist`**文件中。 {% endhint %} ```bash # Get permissions plutil -convert xml1 .com.apple.containermanagerd.metadata.plist -o - # In this file you can find the entitlements: Entitlements com.apple.MobileAsset.PhishingImageClassifier2 com.apple.accounts.appleaccount.fullaccess com.apple.appattest.spi [...] # Some parameters Parameters _HOME /Users/username _UID 501 _USER username [...] # The paths it can access RedirectablePaths /Users/username/Downloads /Users/username/Documents /Users/username/Library/Calendars /Users/username/Desktop [...] ``` ### 沙盒配置文件 沙盒配置文件是指示在该沙盒中允许/禁止的配置文件。它使用沙盒配置语言（SBPL），该语言使用[Scheme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_\(programming_language\))编程语言。 这里是一个示例： ```scheme (version 1) ; First you get the version (deny default) ; Then you shuold indicate the default action when no rule applies (allow network*) ; You can use wildcards and allow everything (allow file-read* ; You can specify where to apply the rule (subpath "/Users/username/") (literal "/tmp/afile") (regex #"^/private/etc/.*") ) (allow mach-lookup (global-name "com.apple.analyticsd") ) ``` {% hint style="success" %} 查看这个[**研究**](https://reverse.put.as/2011/09/14/apple-sandbox-guide-v1-0/) **以了解更多可能被允许或拒绝的操作。** {% endhint %} 重要的**系统服务**也在它们自己的自定义**沙盒**中运行，例如`mdnsresponder`服务。您可以在以下位置查看这些自定义**沙盒配置文件**： * **`/usr/share/sandbox`** * **`/System/Library/Sandbox/Profiles`** * 其他沙盒配置文件可以在[https://github.com/s7ephen/OSX-Sandbox--Seatbelt--Profiles](https://github.com/s7ephen/OSX-Sandbox--Seatbelt--Profiles)中进行检查。 **App Store**应用程序使用**配置文件** **`/System/Library/Sandbox/Profiles/application.sb`**。您可以在此配置文件中查看诸如**`com.apple.security.network.server`**的权限如何允许进程使用网络。 SIP是一个名为platform\_profile的沙盒配置文件，位于/System/Library/Sandbox/rootless.conf ### 沙盒配置文件示例 要使用**特定的沙盒配置文件**启动应用程序，可以使用： ```bash sandbox-exec -f example.sb /Path/To/The/Application ``` {% code title="touch.sb" %} ```plaintext (version 1) (deny default) (allow file-read-metadata) (allow file-write-metadata) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/tmp/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/tmp/")) (allow file-read-data (regex #"^/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[C,T]/")) (allow file-write-data (regex #"^/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[C,T]/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/C/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/C/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/C/T/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/C/C/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/C/C/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/T/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/T/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/C/C/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-write-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/T/C/T/C/T/T/T/")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/private/var/folders/[^/]+/[^/]+/ ```scheme (version 1) (deny default) (allow file* (literal "/tmp/hacktricks.txt")) ``` {% endcode %} ```bash # This will fail because default is denied, so it cannot execute touch sandbox-exec -f touch.sb touch /tmp/hacktricks.txt # Check logs log show --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage contains[c] "sandbox"' --last 30s [...] 2023-05-26 13:42:44.136082+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: sandbox-exec(41398) deny(1) process-exec* /usr/bin/touch 2023-05-26 13:42:44.136100+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: sandbox-exec(41398) deny(1) file-read-metadata /usr/bin/touch 2023-05-26 13:42:44.136321+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: sandbox-exec(41398) deny(1) file-read-metadata /var 2023-05-26 13:42:52.701382+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) 5 duplicate reports for Sandbox: sandbox-exec(41398) deny(1) file-read-metadata /var [...] ``` {% code title="touch2.sb" %} ```plaintext ;; touch2.sb ;; Sandbox profile for the touch2 command (version 1) (deny default) (allow file-write* (literal "/tmp/evilfile.txt")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/etc/passwd")) (allow file-read-metadata (literal "/usr/share/misc/magic")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/locale/[^/]+/LC_.*")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/terminfo/[^/]+/[^/]+$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/[^/]+/[^/]+$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/leap-seconds.list$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow 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(regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex 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#"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex 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#"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex 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#"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi$")) (allow file-read-metadata (regex #"^/usr/share/zone ```scheme (version 1) (deny default) (allow file* (literal "/tmp/hacktricks.txt")) (allow process* (literal "/usr/bin/touch")) ; This will also fail because: ; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840002+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-metadata /usr/bin/touch ; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840016+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-data /usr/bin/touch ; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840028+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-data /usr/bin ; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840034+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-metadata /usr/lib/dyld ; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840050+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) sysctl-read kern.bootargs ; 2023-05-26 13:44:59.840061+0200 localhost kernel[0]: (Sandbox) Sandbox: touch(41575) deny(1) file-read-data / ``` {% code title="touch3.sb" %} ```scheme (version 1) (deny default) (allow file* (literal "/private/tmp/hacktricks.txt")) (allow process* (literal "/usr/bin/touch")) (allow file-read-data (literal "/")) ; This one will work ``` {% endcode %} {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} {% hint style="info" %} 请注意，运行在**Windows**上的**由Apple编写的软件**没有额外的安全预防措施，比如应用程序沙箱。 {% endhint %} 绕过示例： * [https://lapcatsoftware.com/articles/sandbox-escape.html](https://lapcatsoftware.com/articles/sandbox-escape.html) * [https://desi-jarvis.medium.com/office365-macos-sandbox-escape-fcce4fa4123c](https://desi-jarvis.medium.com/office365-macos-sandbox-escape-fcce4fa4123c)（他们能够在沙箱之外写入以`~$`开头的文件）。 ### 调试和绕过沙箱 **在macOS上，进程不会自动进入沙箱：与iOS不同**，在iOS上，沙箱是在程序的第一条指令执行之前由内核应用的，而在macOS上，**进程必须选择将自己置于沙箱中**。 如果进程具有`com.apple.security.app-sandbox`权限，则在启动时，进程会自动从用户空间进入沙箱。有关此过程的详细说明，请参见： {% content-ref url="macos-sandbox-debug-and-bypass/" %} [macos-sandbox-debug-and-bypass](macos-sandbox-debug-and-bypass/) {% endcontent-ref %} ### **检查PID权限** 根据[这个视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mG715HcDgO8\&t=3011s)，**`sandbox_check`**（它是一个`__mac_syscall`）可以检查特定PID中的沙箱是否允许执行某个操作。 [**工具sbtool**](http://newosxbook.com/src.jl?tree=listings\&file=sbtool.c)可以检查PID是否可以执行某个操作： ```bash sbtool mach #Check mac-ports (got from launchd with an api) sbtool file /tmp #Check file access sbtool inspect #Gives you an explaination of the sandbox profile sbtool all ``` ### 在App Store应用中使用自定义SBPL 公司有可能使他们的应用程序运行在**自定义沙盒配置文件**下（而不是默认配置文件）。他们需要使用授权的权限**`com.apple.security.temporary-exception.sbpl`**，该权限需要经过苹果授权。 可以在**`/System/Library/Sandbox/Profiles/application.sb:`**中检查此权限的定义。 ```scheme (sandbox-array-entitlement "com.apple.security.temporary-exception.sbpl" (lambda (string) (let* ((port (open-input-string string)) (sbpl (read port))) (with-transparent-redirection (eval sbpl))))) ``` 这将**在此权限之后评估字符串**作为沙盒配置文件。
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